Unitary Method & Alligation

Example 1 - A car runs 150 km on 15 litres of fuel, how many kilometres will it run on 10
litres of fuel?
15 litres = 150 km
1 litre = 150 ÷ 15 = 10 km
10 litres = 10 x 10 = 100 km
The car will run 100 kilometres on 10 litres of fuel

Example 2 - A car travelling at a speed of 140 kmph covers 420 km. How much time
will it take to cover 280 km?

First, we need to find the time required to cover 420 km

Speed = Distance/Time
140 = 420 ÷ Time (T)
T = 3 hours
Applying the unitary method,
420 km = 3 hours
1 km = 3/420 hour
280 km = (3/420) x 280 = 2 hours

Q. If the annual rent of a flat is Rs. 3600, calculate the rent of 7 months
Ans. 2100

Q. If 5 cars can carry 325 people, find out the total number of people which 8 cars can
carry.
Ans. 520

Q. Rakesh completes 5/8 of a job in 20 days. How many more days will he take to finish
the job at his current rate?
Ans. 12

Q. 12 farmers harvest the crops in the field in 20 hours. How many workers will be
required to do the same work in 15 hours?
Ans. 16 workers

Q. 2 men or 3 women can earn $192 in a day. Find how much 5 men and 7 women will
earn in a day?
Ans. 928

Q. The weight of 56 books is 8 kg. What is the weight of 119 such books? How many such
books weigh 5 kg?
Ans. 17 kg & 35 books
Q. John types 450 words in half an hour. How words would he type in 7 minutes?
Ans. 105

Q. A worker is paid Rs.750 for 6 days’ work. If he works for 23 days, how much will he
get?
Ans. 2875

Q. A water tank can be filled in 7 hours by 5 equal sized pumps working together. How
much time will 7 pumps take to fill it up?
Ans. 5 hours

Q. 15 masons can build the wall in 20 days. How many masons will build the wall in 12
days?
Ans. 25

Q. 76 persons can complete the job in 42 days. In how many days will 56 persons do the
same job?
Ans. 57

Q. In a camp, there are provisions for 400 persons for 23 days. If 60 more persons join the
camp, find the number of days the provision will last?
Ans. 20

Q. If 10 workers, working for 4 hours complete the work in 12 days, in how many days will
8 workers working for 6 hours complete the same work?
Ans. 10 days

Q. The freight for 75 quintals of goods is Rs. 375. Find the freight for 42 quintals.
Ans. 210

Q. A car travels 228 km in 3 hours.

(a) How long will it take to travel 912 km?
(b) How far will it travel in 7 hours?
Ans. a) 12
b) 532

Q. The cost of 7 toys is $ 294. Find the cost of 2 toys.

Ans. 84

Q. Mike can walk 128 km in 16 hours. What distance can he walk in 3 hours?
Ans. 24

Q. The cost of 12 kg of sugar is $ 240. What will be the cost of 3 kg of sugar?

Ans. 60
Q. 12 registers cost $ 720. Find the cost of 5 registers.
Ans. 300

Q. A train covers 828 km in 9 hours. What distance will it cover in 6 hours?

Ans. 552

Q. The annual rent of a house is $ 3600. Find the rent of 5 months.

Ans. 1500

Q. Ron earns $ 840 in a week. How much will he earn in 36 days?

Ans. 4320

Q. The cost of 9 litres of petrol is $ 378. How much will 15 litres of petrol cost?
Ans. 630

Q. The salary of 12 workers is $ 3732. What will be the salary of 5 workers?

Ans. 1555

Q. The cost of 8 kg of ghee is $ 904. What will be the cost of 14 kg of ghee?

Ans. 1582

Q. 2 school bags cost $ 276. Find the cost of 88 such bags.

Ans. 12144

Q. A bicycle factory produces 1505 bicycles in a week. How many bicycles will it produce
in 30 days?
Ans. 6450

Example 3 - A contractor employed two men, Ryan and David, to work in his factory and
paid them daily wages. Ryan is paid $150 and David is paid $110 for each day's work.
Ryan saves $800 per month and David saves $500 per month. Can you find the ratio of
their monthly expenditure?

Let’s find their monthly income by using the unitary method. Ryan’s wages for one day=
$150. Ryan’s wages for one month= $(150 × 30) = $4500. Similarly, David’s wages for one
month= $(110 × 30) = $3300.
Now find their monthly expenditure. Ryan’s monthly expenditure = $4500 - $800 = $3700.
David’s monthly expenditure = $3300 - $500 = $2800.
The ratio of their monthly expenditure is given by, Ryan’s monthly expenditure/David’s
monthly expenditure=3700/2800=37/28.

Q. In what ratio must 25% hydrochloric acid be mixed with 60% hydrochloric acid to get a
mixture of 40% hydrochloric acid?
(1) 5 : 12 (2) 4 : 3 (3) 3 : 4 (4) 12 : 5
Ans. Option 3
Q. 75 gm of sugar solution has 30% sugar in it. Then the quantity of sugar that should be
added to the solution to make the quantity of the sugar 70% in the solution is
(1) 125 gm (2) 100 gm (3) 120 gm (4) 130 gm
Ans. Option 2

Q. A litre of pure alcohol is added to 6 litres of 30% alcohol solution. The percentage of
water in the solution is
(1) 50% (2) 65% (3) 60% (4) 40%
Ans. Option 3

Q. How much water must be added to 100 ml of 80 percent solution of boric acid to reduce
it to a 50 percent solution?
(1) 30 ml (2) 40 ml (3) 50 ml (4) 60 ml
Ans. Option 4

Q. In one litre of a mixture of alcohol and water, water is 30%. The amount of alcohol that
must be added to the mixture so that the part of water in the mixture becomes 15% is:
(1) 1000 ml (2) 700 ml (3) 300 ml (4) 900 ml
Ans. Option 1

Q. One type of liquid contains 20% water and the second type of liquid contains 35% of
water. A glass is filled with 10 parts of first liquid and 4 parts of second liquid. The water in
the new mixture in the glass is
(1) 37% (2) 46% (3) 12% (4) 24%
Ans. Option 4

Q. 40 litres of a mixture of milk and water contains 10% of water, the water to be added, to
make the water content 20% in the new mixture is:
(1) 6 litres (2) 6.5 litres (3) 5.5 litres (4) 5 litres
Ans. Option 4

Q. How much pure alcohol has to be added to 400 ml of a solution containing 15% of
alcohol to change the concentration of alcohol in the mixture to 32%?
(1) 60 ml (2) 100 ml (3) 128 ml (4) 68 ml
Ans. Option 2

Q. In 50 gm alloy of gold and silver, the gold is 80% by weight. How much gold should be
mixed to this alloy so that the weight of gold would become 95%?
(1) 200 gm (2) 150 gm (3) 50 gm (4) 10 gm
Ans. Option 2

Q. 200 litres of a mixture contains 15% water and the rest is milk. The amount of milk that
must be added so that the resulting mixture contains 87.5% milk is
(1) 30 litres (2) 35 litres (3) 40 litres (4) 45 litres
Ans. Option 3
Q. In what ratio must a mixture of 30% alcohol strength be mixed with that of 50% alcohol
strength so as to get a mixture of 45% alcohol strength?
(1) 1 : 2 (2) 1 : 3 (3) 2 : 1 (4) 3 : 1
Ans. Option 2

Q. The ratio in which two sugar solutions of the concentrations 15% and 40% are to be
mixed to get a solution of concentration 30% is
(1) 2 : 3 (2) 3 : 2 (3) 8 : 9 (4) 9 : 8
Ans. Option 1

Q. 15 litres of a mixture contains alcohol and water in the ratio 1 : 4. If 3 litres of Water is
mixed in it, the percentage of alcohol in the new mixture will be
(1) 15% (2) 16% (3) 17% (4) 18%
Ans. Option 3