EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

11/12
FIRST QUARTER

Hazard Zone

Most Essential Learning Competency: The learners shall be able to describe the various

hazards that may happen in the event of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides.

S11/12ES-If-30

To the Learners

The focus of this module is to enrich your knowledge and understanding

in the concept and characteristic of the different Geological Hazards.

This material will help you develop analytical skills and make inference which is a

fundamental skill needed to become a globally competitive and key player citizen.

To utilize this module, you may want to keep yourself away from any distraction while

doing the activity. Find a comfortable place to work and prepare the materials we will need to

avoid disruption.

ENJOY LEARNING!
 Expectations

You will be able to describe and characterize geological hazards brought about by

earthquake, volcanic eruption, and landslide through analyzing pictures, making inferences,

and responding to questions.

Specifically, you will be able to:

A. Describe and explain the hazards associated with earthquakes.

B. Identify and give examples of possible geologic hazards associated with earthquakes,

volcanic eruptions, and landslide.

C. Identify the risk and suggests practical ways of coping up with geological hazards.

Pretest
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. Which of the following is not a geological hazard?

A. Typhoon B. Earthquake C. Landslide D. Volcanic Eruption

2. Which of the following is manifests surface faulting?

A. mudflow C. sinking of building

B. landslide D. displacement of road from its original position.

3. Which of the following commonly occurs whenever there is a large magnitude of

earthquake?

A. soil liquefaction B. forest fire C. landslide D. volcanic eruption

4. Which of the geologic processes can be prevented or even predicted with the application

of engineering and technology?

A. earthquakes B. landslides C. volcanic eruptions D. All of the above

5. All hazards caused by earthquake, except____________

A. ground shaking B. surface faulting C. landslide D. mud flow

 Looking Back
Direction: Identify from what era do the following events belong to.

1. Age of Reptiles

_______________________________

2. Earth form from debris round the sun

_______________________________

3. First form of life

_______________________________

4. Dominance of Humans

_______________________________

5. Appearance of Dinosaurs

_______________________________

Brief Introduction
Earth is dynamic and because of this we should learn how to adapt with its change.

This change might cause hazard and when we say hazard it is a phenomenon that have the

potential of humans and properties to become exposed to danger or risk. The Philippines due

to its location, may experience these hazards. Here are some examples of the hazards that

occurs and continue to occur in the Philippines. Can you characterize each of them? What do

these pictures show? What are the possible effects of these events to the area, people and

infrastructures? When do these geological hazards occur?

Church of St. Catherine buried houses in its path

Mt. Pinatubo June
of Alexandria in the near Kidapawan City,
12, 1991 Eruption
town of Porac October 2019.
 Activities
Activity 1.1: Hazards due to Earthquake

Study the pictures below. Describe each hazard using the guide questions.

Earthquake Hazard Description

Surface Faulting in
Loboc, Bohol due to
7.2M earthquake in
2013
https://center.noah.up.edu.ph/magnitude-7-2-temblor-rocks-bohol-philippines-initial-assessment-2/
https://images.gmanews.tv/v3/webpics/ v3/2013/10/2013_10_15_12_52_32.jpg

Rock fall due

to
earthquake
https://www.geostru.eu/blog/2015/08/22/rockfall-analysis/
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/1964_Niigata_earthquake

Collapse of the
Showa bridge,
Niigata caused
by the
earthquake
Image Sources:

Earth-induced
landslide in
town of Santa
Tecla near
San Salvador,
El Salvador

Guide Questions:

1. What happen to the ground after the earthquake?

2. How massive do you think was the damage?

3. What do you is the effect of this hazard in the area, infrastrature and lives?

4. What should you do before, during and after these hazards?

 Activities

Activity 1.2: Hazards due to Volcanic Eruptions

Picture a large volcano to the left of the window – how would

your view be affected by an eruption of the volcano?

Answer the following questions.

• What would I see – and how would this change as

the eruption continued?

https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/281043/ceb
• What else might I sense – by hearing, smelling, tasting u-safe-from-hazardous-effects-of-taal-
eruption#ixzz6PvK10sUj

or in other ways?

• How might I be feeling?

• Would I be safe? Would my friends and family be safe?

• What might the view be like after the end of the eruption?

Use a graphic organizer to show your answer.

 Activities

Activity 1.3 Hazards due to Landslide

Refer from the brochure made by the Mine

and Geosciences Bureau.

Let the learner answer the following

questions.

1. What is landslide?

____________________________

____________________________

2. What are the causes of landslide?

____________________________

____________________________

3. When do landslide occur?

____________________________

____________________________
Source:
Mines and Geosciences Bureau
4. What are the different types of landslide? http://mgb.gov.ph/attachments/article/172/Landslide.pdf

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

5. What are the different steps that the government implemented to prevent landslide?

__________________________________________________________________

6. Site a landslide prone area (such as riverside, canal ways, elevated area etc.) in your

community, think/site ways to prevent landslide.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
 Remember
 Geological processes tap their energy from the internal heat and budget of the Earth.

These processes include the movement of plates and volcanism.

 Hazard are phenomena that have the potential of humans and properties to become

exposed to risk and danger.

 Earthquake is an intense ground shaking or movement caused by sudden release of

energy. Ground shaking, Surface Faulting, Earthquake -Induced landslide, Rock Fall

and, Liquefaction are just few hazards that it may result.

 Volcanic eruption brought about a diversity of hazards to humans, including clouds of

hot gasses such as carrying rock and sand, blasts effects, ash flows.

 Landslide used to describe the downslope movement of soil, rock, and organic

materials under the effects of gravity and also the landform that results from such

movement. (Highland & Bobrowsky, n.d)

 Ground Shaking is the vibration of the land surface. It occurs when an earthquake

generates enough shaking intensity causing man-made structures like buildings,

bridges and dams to be severely damages.

 Surface faulting also known as surface rapture is the offset or tearing of the ground

surface by differential movement along a fault during an earthquake.

 Earthquake-Induced Landslide occur under a wide range of conditions: in steeply

sloping to nearly flat land; bedrock, loose sediments, fill, and mind dumps; under dry

and very wet conditions.

 Rock fall is a sudden, steep drop rock fragments or debris, commonly occurs on a

steep cliff and may involve a single rock or mass of rocks.

 Liquefaction the softening of the soil when mixed with groundwater due to shaking,

occurs when a strength of the soil decreases. And the ability of soil deposit to support

foundations of infrastructures are reduced.

  Indoors, the basic rule when earthquake strikes is to “drop, cover, hold” Outdoors,

one has to stay away from structures, trees electric posts and wires, billboards, or

anything that may fall

Check Your Understanding

Is my House safe?

Self-check for Earthquake Safety of Concrete Hollow Block (CHB) Houses in the Philippines.

Using the checklist, determine whether your house is

earthquake safe or not.

Safe-Is-Your-House.pdf
https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/vault/pdf/Publication_Earthquake%20Preparedness/Flyer-How-
You can find the checklist at the Philippine

Volcanology and Seismology-Department of Science and

Technology (PHILVOCS-DOST) website.

Sum up the points you got and evaluate.

Answer the following questions:

1. Is your house earthquake safe? Explain your answer

based on your score. _________________________

__________________________________________

2. If it is not, what are the steps your family should do to

strengthen your house and make it more resilient to

strong earthquakes __________________________

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

3. Why it is important that your house is built by a

licensed civil engineer or architect and not just by a

neighbor who knows about carpentry and has experienced building houses? ______

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
 Post Test

Direction: Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write

your answer on the space provided.

______1. Which of the following is not a hazard caused by an earthquake?

A. Ground shaking C. landslide and liquefaction

B. Surface faulting D. mud flow

______2. Which statement is true regarding volcanic gases?

A. Volcanic gases dissolved in lahar are transported by water.

B. Volcanic gases trapped in lava are released upon contact with air.

C. Volcanic gases stored in volcanic ashes are carried by wind across the globe.

D. Volcanic gases dissolved in magma in the atmosphere during volcanic eruption.

______3. Why are there less fatalities due to volcanic eruptions compared to earthquake

and landslides?

A. Volcanic eruption can be predicted ahead of time.

B. People have time to prepare and move to a safe place like evacuation camp.

C. Local governments have time to prepare, inform and relocate affected

communities.

D. All of the above

______4. Which of the following is a result of Liquefaction?

A. Surface Rupture C. Collapsing of building and bridges

B. Vibration of the ground D. Downslope movement of the ground

______5. Which of the following is a practical way of preventing landslide?

A. Adding vegetation

B. Rerouting waterways

C. Installing concrete wall along swamps

D. All of the above

 Reflection
Express your thought about the lesson by answering the questions below.

This lesson made me realize __________________________________________________

The areas I find challenging are ________________________________________________

How did I feel?

before the activity _____________________________________________________

after the activity ______________________________________________________

After this lesson I learned that _________________________________________________