CNC MACHINING:

1. What does CNC stand for?

2. What type of devices are CNC machines?
3. What are the two ways that people can generate physical parts called?
4. What is G-Code?
5. What is commonly used today to write G-Code?
6. Before CAD and CAM what was used to write G-Code?
7. What are the advantages of CNC machining against manual alternative
like Lathes?
8. What is a thou?
9. What are digital tool libraries?
10.What are the axis of a CNC machine?
11.What are the 3 different types of axis in CNC machining?
12.What directions can a 3 - axis machine move in?
13.What direction can a 5 – axis machine move in?
14.What are the 3 conventional machining technologies that are used to
remove material from stock in CNC machining

ANSWERS:
1. Computer Numerically Controlled machines
2. Electro – mechanical devices
3. Additive manufacturing (3D Printing) and Subtractive manufacturing
(CNC Machining)
4. Digital instructions
5. CAD and CAM (Computer aided design) (Computer aided
manufacturing)
6. Machinists would manually write the G-Code
7. They run FASTER and at higher PRECISION
8. The measurement of CNC machining (1 thousandths of an inch)
9. One tool doesn’t function universally so machinist will build Digital tool
libraries that interface with the CNC machine – which allows them to
quickly change between tools
10.They represents the degree of freedom that the CNC machine can move
in
11. 2.5 AXIS, 3 AXIS and 5 AXES
12.The X, Y, and Z directions
13.The X, Y and Z axis but with 2 additional rotational axes
14.1. DRILLS – Work by spinning a drill bit and moving it in contact with
the stock piece
2. LATHES – Work by spinning the stock against a stationary drill
bit
3. MILLING MACHINE – Use rotary cutting tools to remove the
material from the stock piece

LASER CUTTING:
1. What is the set up of the laser cutting machine?
2. Why does the work not need to be clamped down?
3. What are the steps to laser cutting a material?
4. Can laser cutters cut pieces of wood or engrave them?
5. Why do we “frame” the material?
6. What are 3 advantages of Laser cutting?
7. How are the fumes produced while laser cutting removed?

ANSWERS:
1. 1) – A cooling system at the bottom – used to cool the laser down
because it is incredibly hot
2) – The laser cutter itself. Which has:
1 – The control panel where the design will come through
2 – The bed which takes 2 A3 sheets next to each other
2. Because the laser cutter will just move itself
3. 1 – Download the design from the software on the computer onto the
machine
2 – Then position the laser accordingly to the corner of the material
3 – frame the material
4 – Let the laser cut
5 – Remove the piece
4. It can do both quite well
5. To find out how much of the material will be used, this helps save as
much material as possible
6. 1 – It is relatively fast
2 – Very precise
3 – The quality of edges when cut is excellent
7. By a vacuum
INTERNAL THREAD CUTTING:
1. What are the tools needed to cut an internal thread by hand?
2. What is the first step of making an internal thread?
3. What is the second step of making an internal thread?
4. What is the third step of making an internal thread?

ANSWERS:
1. – Safety goggles
- Try square
- Hand tap
- Adjustable tap wrench
- Twist drill
- Countersink
- Cutting spray
2. To drill the core hole:
- Using the cutting spray, to increase the surface quality, drill your
whole using a drill machine and the twist drill
3. To countersink the core hole:
- We do this to have better entry when cutting the thread in the next step
4. Cutting the internal thread
- Clamp the taper tap to the hand tap and spray it with some cutting
spray
- Turn back a third turn after 2 turns to break the chip
- Then clamp the second tap and REPEAT
- Next check that it is a right angle using a try square
- Lastly clamp the final tap and REPEAT as before
STANDARD COMPONENTS:
1. Give 2 examples of standard components
2. What are 2 general advantages of standard components?
3. Why does improving the quality of a standard component used improve
the quality of the whole product?
4. What happens when you use a low-quality standard component?
5. Why do high end brands add in high quality standard components?
6. What are proprietary components?
7. What does the heart symbol with a B and an S represent?
8. What does the CE mark represent?
9. Why are standard components used and why is quality control in progress
during the process stage?
10.Why is quality control very important in Just in Time manufacturing?
11.What are the 4 advantages of using standard components?

ANSWERS:
1. Nuts bolts, and electrical components like resistors
2. 1 – They increase manufacturing efficiency because they reduce wasted
time errors etc.
2 - They increase the quality of a product because they are produced with
consistent quality
3. Because they will overall increase the value of the product which could
also bring in more profit
4. This will reduce the overall durability and lifespan of the whole product
which will consequently reduce the reliability of the product and the
number of customers buying the product will decrease.
5. To add value to their own product and increase the reliability of their
product
6. Components that the business buying them off do not claim any
ownership of the design or any intellectual property for those components
7. The British Standards for quality
8. The European standards for quality
9. To make sure that the right product is in the right place at the right time
and of the right standard
10.Because if you don’t check the quality of the standard components used,
and you start the just in time manufacturing which is fast because it is
only done when needed, and the nuts and bolts aren’t of good quality the
whole assembly line or production line will fail and the Just in Time
manufacturing for that product will stop.
11.1 – They are manufactured in high quantities which reduces costs
2 – Quality testing can be carried out to ensure that they are of good
quality
3 – Saves manufacturers time because they don’t need to spend time
making these components
4 – Production lines run more smoothly with standard components
because components are familiar to staff.