1)What is QOS?

QOS is the overall performance of a telephony or computer network

2)What are the Quantitative measured in QOS

Quantitative measured in: 1)error rates 2)bandwidth 3)throughput 4)transmission delay 5) jitter
6)fairness

3) Draw the node model for jitter control

4)What are the main goals of links sharing

The main goals of links sharing

1. Each interior or leaf class should receive roughly its allocated bandwidth over appropriate
time intervals.
2. If all leaf and interior classes with sufficient demand have received their allocated
bandwidth share, the distribution of any excess bandwidth should not be arbitrary but
follow some set of reasonable guidelines.

5) Define regulated and unregulated classes

regulated and unregulated classes A class is regulated if packets from that class are being
scheduled by the link-sharing scheduler at the gateway; a class is said to be unregulated if trac
from the class is being scheduled by the general scheduler.

6) what are the Complexity in Packet Classification

ƒ High-dimensional problem y Typically 4+ fields considered ƒ Overlapping rules y Rule order

needs to be considered ƒ Range matches y Can be decomposed into multiple prefixes ƒ Number
of rules y Order of thousands y Typically not as large as number of prefixes ƒ Performance
constraints y Classification at line speed for every packet y Memory limited to few Megabytes

7) write about Classification by Set-Pruning Tries

Avoid recursive search by replicating rules y Search F1 for longest prefix y Continue to F2 and
search for longest prefix ƒ Search: (000,010)
 8) Write about Classification by Grid-of-Tries

9) Write about Classification by Cross-Producting

10) Write
about
Controlled
Prefix
Expansion
 • It is a storage optimization of multibit tries

• For a given k, Controlled Prefix Expansion(CPE) can find the best k-level multibit trie which
cost minimum memory requirement

• It is based on dynamic programming.

11 What are the three criteria necessary for an effective and efficient network?

The most important criteria are performance, reliability and security. Performance of the
network depends on number of users, type of transmission medium, the capabilities of the
connected h/w and the efficiency of the s/w. Reliability is measured by frequency of failure, the
time it takes a link to recover from the failure and the network’s robustness in a catastrophe.
Security issues include protecting data from unauthorized access and viruses.

12. Group the OSI layers by function.

The seven layers of the OSI model belonging to three subgroups. Network support layers:
Consisting of Physical, data link and network layers and they deal with the physical aspects of
moving data from one device to another. User support layers: Consists of Session, presentation
and application layers and they allow interoperability among unrelated software systems. The
transport layer ensures end-to-end reliable data transmission

13. What are the features provided by layering?

 It decomposes the problem of building a network into more manageable components. Rather
than implementing a monolithic piece of software that does everything implement several
layers, each of which solves one part of the problem.

 It provides more modular design. To add some new service, it is enough to modify the
functionality at one layer, reusing the functions provided at all the other layers.

14. What are the two interfaces provided by protocols?

 Service interface

 Peer interface

 Service interface-defines the operations that local objects can perform on the protocol.

 Peer interface-defines the form and meaning of messages exchanged between protocol peers
to implement the communication service.

15. What is LAN?

A LAN is a common name used to describe a group of devices that share a geographic location.
LAN is limited to single building or campus.

16. What is flow Control?

Flow control refers to a set of procedures used to restrict the amount of data. The sender can
send before waiting for acknowledgment.