AP Biology Video Topics 7.7 and 7.

9
Common Ancestry and Phylogeny
Feel free to also take notes on each topic video

7.7 daily video 1: Common Ancestry (Describe causes of N.S)

https://apclassroom.collegeboard.org/d/qr1wwbuo4k?sui=6,7

What did you learn? Write it below

1. Membrane-bound organelles, linear chromosomes, and introns provide evidence of common ancestry of all

eukaryotes.

Answer the following question based on what you learned

A researcher uses the protocol shown in Figure 1 to isolate a eukaryotic gene for the purpose of genetically engineering
recombinant bacteria that will synthesize the eukaryote gene.

Which of the following best predicts the result of the bacteria failing to uptake the recombinant plasmid?

a. The bacterial cell will not produce eukaryotic genes

b. The bacterial cell will produce its own enzymes to synthesize the eukaryotic gene
c. The bacterial cell will stop producing bacterial proteins
d. The bacterial cell will produce eukaryotic genes using the bacterial chromosome
7.9 Phylogeny (Importance of phenotypic variation)
https://apclassroom.collegeboard.org/d/bie7qhk6ww?sui=6,7

What did you learn? Write it below

1. Phylogenetic trees and cladograms are branching diagrams that show evolutionary relationships among species.
2. Phylogenetic trees and cladograms both show relationships between lineages, with phylogenetic trees showing
the amount of change over time.
3. Traits that are gained or lost during evolution can be used to construct a phylogenetic tree or cladogram.
4. Shared, derived characteristics indicate common ancestry.
5. The out-group is a distantly related that is used to show how the main group falls in the main tree of evolution.
6. Molecular data typically provides more accurate and reliable evidence than morphological traits when
constructing phylogenetic trees and cladograms
7. Phylogenetic trees and cladograms can be used to illustrate speciation that has occurred.
8. Phylogenetic trees and cladograms represent hypotheses that are constantly being revised based on evidence.

Answer the following multiple choice question by highlighting on the correct answer
The EPAS1 gene in human populations encodes a transcription factor activated in low-oxygen conditions, such as those
found in high altitude (mountainous) regions. Researchers collected DNA from several populations of modern humans,
including Han, Yoruban, Luhya, and Tibetan. They also collected DNA from the fossils of Denisovans, a prehistoric
population. The researchers sequenced the most common EPAS1 allele in each population and determined the specific
pattern of variations, called single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), at six positions in each population (Table 1)

Use the template provided to construct a cladogram based on the EPAS1 SNP sequences reported for each population.
Circle the location on the cladogram that represents the most recent common ancestor of the populations shown on the
table

Denisovan

Tibetan

Yoruban

Han