Catalogo de Trópica Armando

Plant guide
A growing success...
Publisher: Layout and text: Photos delivered by: Water colour illustrations:
Tropica Aquarium Plants envision Jan Ole Pedersen Verner Hancke
Mejlbyvej 200 Christiansgade 30 Claus Christensen Kirsten Hjørne
DK-8250 Egaa DK-8100 Aarhus C Ole Pedersen Kirsten Tind
Denmark Denmark Christel Kasselmann
Tel. +45 86220566 Oliver Knott
Fax +45 86228466 Printing: Eu It Hai
E-mail: tropica@tropica.dk Scanprint A/S Olaf Deters
www.tropica.com © All rights reserved Martin Rask Thomsen
George Farmer
2 Illustration: Staurogyne repens

Habitat for Staurogyne repens
Discovering new plants for the aquarium…

It is Tropica’s aim to continuously contribute new planting opportunities for the aquarium hobby. That’s how it has been
since 1970 and how it will continue into the future. One of our latest successes has been the introduction of Staurogyne
repens that was found in the Rio Amazonas, Brazil (little picture). Staurogyne can be attached to stones and roots or it
can form a dense carpet in the foreground of the aquarium. It can also form a compact cushion growth, as shown in the
picture.
The use of watercolours in the diagrams helps to reproduce an accurate representation of how the plant appears in the
aquarium in terms of colour and texture. This plant guide contains an extensive list of interesting plants that will provide you
with both inspiration and advice for how to get the best experiences possible for this wonderful hobby. Read and enjoy!
3
Welcome to Tropica
With this guide we would like to give you the best possible opportunities for getting the most from your aquariums. We know that the
inspiration and desire to take up this great hobby often starts from a beautiful aquarium that you have witnessed; perhaps at a friend’s
home, in a magazine, website, or at an aquatic retailer. Unfortunately, we also know that many new aquarium owners will give up this
hobby; sometimes after only six to twelve months. So, why is this?
Even if you are an experienced hobbyist it can be difficult to select and purchase the appropriate equipment required for your aquarium.
In many aquatic retailers you will often find an overwhelming choice of aquariums, fish, plants, lighting options, substrates/gravel, liquid
fertilizers, CO2 units and filters. This guide will help you to identify your specific needs, but it is also important to consult with a retailer
that has appropriate experience in planted aquariums.
Through this publication we will assist you in ensuring a successful start. We highlight the fundamental conditions that you must be
aware of whether you are a beginner or an experienced aquarist. You will find this guide focusing mainly on aquarium plants. These
plants have been produced by dedicated and experienced professionals who every day ensure you receive the best possible quality
products and advice. Please visit our website, www.tropica.com where you can gain further inspiration and information. We wish you a
very successful start and long-term success with your hobby!
Yours faithfully,
Lars Green
Managing Director
4
Content
Let the dream become reality Page 6

Examples of layouts Page 7
Introduction to Tropica’s product range Page 12

Pots and XL’s Page 13
AquaDecor – plants grown on wood and lavastone Page 14
Mosses – plenty of opportunities Page 16
Floating plants – another perspective Page 17
Bunched plants – easy and fast planting Page 18
Bulbs – the joy of expectations Page 19

Plants from A-Z Page 20
Tropica’s ABC Page 87

Before you start Page 88
Tips and tricks for planting and growing Page 90
Algae growth can be limited by simple methods Page 94
Tropica AquaCare Page 96
Index Page 98
Illustration: Azolla caroliniana 5

Let the dream become reality
Through inspiration and advice Tropica will help you to get started on the right path. On the following five pages you
will find five different layouts: The classic layout, the starter layout, the children’s aquarium, the nano aquarium and
finally an example of a high-impact and colourful layout. Each layout is detailed and you will see the list of the plants
in the aquarium and a layout plan (the number of pots used are indicated in parentheses). Visit www.tropica.com for
more photos, layouts and information. Relevant information concerning difficulty and technical equipment will also
be discussed. This information is also available on our website. The above issues are meant as a guideline to help
you get the best possible start with your aquarium, but it is also to help you maintain your interest in this hobby!
6 Photo: Oliver Knott

The Classic Layout
An example of an aquarium that will fit in several settings: The living room, the kitchen or in your office. This layout is classic because
of its island composition. The foreground is a thriving carpet of Lilaeopsis and the colorful ’Rosanervig’ is the focal point of the aqua-
rium. By planting Anubias and Cryptocoryne in the middle of the aquarium will create a contrast of dark green to the bright green car-
pet and the colorful ’Rosanervig’. Java moss attached to wood will create both depth and maturity. The composition of plants provides
a fine balance between fast growing plants (they take up nutrient and reduce algae growth) and slow growing plants that require less
maintaining.
Tip! ’Rosanervig’ is an undemanding plant. Nesaea crassicaulis or Rotala rotundifolia are suitable alternatives as easy and coloured
plants.
Difficulty Volume Dimensions Light co2 Time/Week
Some experience 128 L 80 x 40 x 40 cm 2 x 24 W (T5) 20 mg/L 1 Hour
Plant List
A G B G A A Ceratopteris thalictroides (x 2)
B Hygrophila polysperma ’Rosanervig’ (x 1)
C Anubias barteri var. caladiifolia ”1705” (x 1)

D F C D Anubias barteri ”coffeefolia” (x 1)
H H
E E Anubias barteri var. nana (x 4)
E F Cryptocoryne becketti ”petchii” (x 1)

H
G Lilaeopsis brasiliensis (x 5)
E E
H Taxiphyllum barbieri (Vesicularia) (x 1)
G G
Result 55 days after set-up
D H C
E
F E
G G
7
The Starter Layout
In most pet shops it’s easy to find a starter aquarium kit. It is a complete set containing aquarium, light, heater and filter. Most begin-
ners would like a thriving aquarium with bold colours and a large number of fish. However, experience shows that a starter kit often
provides low lighting levels so there are only few plants suitable to this type of aquarium. We have for this set-up chosen standard
plants only! Microsorum and Cryptocoryne are both slow growing and Echinodorus and Vallisneria to create volume in the aquarium.
Limnophila is centrally planted, right under the light and is an example of a plant that grows fast and which helps creating a good
balance in the aquarium.
Tip! By using AquaDecor products with plants like Microsorum and Anubias for the set-up, the aquarium will look more adapted from
the start. These products require less light and they are already well established on root or lavastone.
Difficulty Volume Dimensions Light co2 Time/week
Easy 54 L 60 x 30 x 30 cm 15 W (T8) INGEN 0.5 hour
Plant List
A B C
A Echinodorus bleheri (bleherae) (x 1)
B Limnophila sessiliflora (x 1)
C Vallisneria americana (natans) (x 1)
D Cryptocoryne wendtii ’Tropica’ (x 1)

D E Microsorum pteropus ’Windeløv’ (x 1)
E
F Cryptocoryne parva (x 1)
8
The Children’s Aquarium
Some of the main considerations when planting the children’s aquarium are colours, impact and action. We have chosen a dinosaur/
animal layout for this set-up, but you can find a large selection of ornaments at your local shop such as pirates, castles, treasure
chests, sunken ships etc. In order to ensure the correct balance in the children’s aquarium you will definitely need plants! The number
of plants must be adjusted to the number of fish. It should be plants that easily adapt to the environment and that help the water to
stay clean and algae free. Below we have listed a selection of both fast and slow growing species that are all good starter plants.
Tip! Buy livebearing fish for the children’s aquarium such as guppies and platies. They are hardy, brightly coloured and breed frequent-
ly. They also eat algae. Ask your local dealer for further information.
Easy 112 L 80 x 40 x 40 cm 2 x 18 W (T8) None 0.5 hour
Plant List
C
A Echinodorus bleheri (bleherae) (x 1)
A
B Ludwigia repens ’Rubin’ (x 1)
B
C Microsorum pteropus (x 1)
D Microsorum pteropus ’Windeløv’ (x 1)

D
F E E Anubias barteri var. nana (x 4)
F F Taxiphyllum barbieri (Vesicularia) (x 2)
A
C
D B
9
The Nano Aquarium
Over the last few years nano aquariums have become very popular. Partly because they fit well into the modern family’s way of living
and also because the use of different mosses and shrimps are a growing trend. This layout is more advanced and requires both good
light and CO2. Three different foreground plants have been used for this layout. All with different leaf shapes. Hemianthus with it’s
millimeter-sized small leaves that capture tiny oxygen bubbles, Staurogyne with slightly bigger leaves and a creeping growth, and finally
Pogostemon that creates dense, curly leaves. Behind the stony soil a Heteranthera contribute with plumpness and vigor. Many plants
are suitable for the nano aquariums and especially mosses are popular! Most plant types are suitable but frequently cutting is a must if
using taller and fast growing plants.
Tip! Small algae-eating fish and shrimps, frequent water change and regular care are important elements to maintain an optimal water
quality in your nano aquarium.
Experienced 12 L 30 x 20 x 20 cm 24 W (T5) 25 mg/L 1 Hour
D
Plant List
A Staurogyne repens (x 2)
A A
C B Pogostemon helferi (x 2)
C Hemianthus callitrichoides ’’Cuba’’ (x 4)
D Heteranthera zosterifolia (x 1)
B
B
C
B
B
C C
10
The Show Aquarium
The Aquarium for plant lovers! This aquarium contains a large number of plants, it’s colourful, contains new plants and has an impres-
sing layout with rocks and “spider-like roots”. We show with this layout how transitions can be made entirely from low foreground
plants to rock formations and how to create a wedge between the rocks by using medium high plants. We use Vallisneria as an easy
carpet in the background. Space is created for the Echinodorus ‘Ozelot’ that may be the most beautiful, coloured Echinodorus in the
aquarium. Christmas moss has been attached to the roots and helps to creating depth and a sense of maturity in the aquarium.
Tip! Carpets of foreground plants help to maintain a good balance in the aquarium and need to be maintained regularly. There are
many suitable species; Eleocharis, Lilaeopsis, Echinodorus tenellus… the list is long!
Experienced 297 L 132 x 50 x 45 cm 4 x 54 W (T5) 25 mg/L 1-2 Hours
Plant List
A B C A
A Vallisneria nana (x 8)
B Echinodorus ’Ozelot’ (x 1)
F
I I E C Lindernia rotundifolia (x 2)
D
D Cryptocoryne wendtii ’’brown’’ (x 2)
D
H E Staurogyne repens (x 3)
E F
F Pogostemon erectus (x 3)
H H G
G Hemianthus callitrichoides ’’Cuba’’ (x 1)
H Eleocharis parvula (x 10)
I Vesicularia dubyana ’Christmas’ (x 1)
B A
C
I
H
G
11
Introduction to Tropica’s
product range
On the following eight pages we will introduce to you our range of high quality products. These different
groups will help you to understand the extensive possibilities you will have when selecting these plants, whilst
also providing a source of inspiration.
The product groups are being divided into pots, XL-plants, AquaDecor products, mosses, floating plants,
bunches and bulbs. The alphabetical index on page 98 list all plant varieties, all marked with rate of difficulty,
and an index on page 99 has divided all plants into product groups.
Hygrophila polysperma
’Rosanervig’
• Dense and bushy stem
plant
• White and pink marbled
leaves
• Adapts to most environ-
ments
Glossostigma elatinoides
• Attractive and challenging
foreground plant
• Compact and vigorous
growth
• Require intensive light
12
Nesaea pedicellata
• Colourful and easy
stem plant
• Addition of CO2 to
achieve intense colour
• Suitable for middle-
ground
Limnophila sessiliflora
• Attractive and fast
growing stem plant
• Develop a dense and
bushy growth
• Good starter plant
POTS
Tropica have a great selection of pots. The demands of the plants vary from easy to difficult, and
this also can affect the price. We ensure good quality by ensuring a great deal of plant material is
in each pot. Every potted plant can de divided into several smaller portions for planting. Further-
more, we can guarantee healthy and well-developed roots in all plants.
XL – when it’s the size you require

Some of our pots are also available as XL-plants if you ever need fully grown plants for your
aquarium. XL-plants are more sturdy and are suitable for Cichlid aquariums.
XL and pot
13
AquaDecor – plants grown
on wood and lavastone
AquaDecor products are a range of plants taking root on bogwood or lavastone. Plants that grow
directly on wood and stone will be far more hardy than plants growing in pots. The AquaDecor
products gives you a variety of applications. You can create an aquarium that looks mature from the
very start. For aquariums with fishes that are hard on plants both Microsorum and Anubias (hardy
plants) are recommendable.
AquaDecor for creating life-like landscapes:

• Products that create depth in the aquarium
• An easy and fast way to achieve the result
• Hardy plants that adapt easily
AquaDecor with Anubias and Microsorum for Cichlids:

• Cichlids rake up the bottom of the aquarium
• Cichlids eat off the plants
• Hardy plants that adapt easily
14
AquaDecor is available with suction caps
• Create hiding places for the fish
• Create depth in the aquarium
• Can hang both on the side and on
the back of the wall in the aquarium
AquaDecor Sizes
• Roots – approx. length:
Nano ( 7-10 cm)
Small (12-25 cm)
Large (30-40 cm)
• Lavastone – approx. sizes:
Small ( 7-15 cm)
Large (20-30 cm)
Microsorum pteropus ‘Windeløv’ – photo: Jan Ole Pedersen 15

Mosses – plenty of opportunities!
Moss is available in a large number of varieties, and has become more popular over the last
few years. The moss is normally sold as portions and it has many various possibilities for
planting. A common aspect for mosses is that they should be attached to wood or stone.
Tip! To avoid or minimize algae growth you should have a large number of algae-eating
shrimps, fishes and snails in the aquarium. It is also recommended to put some floating
plants when you start up the aquarium. Floating plants will take up the nutrient until the
aquarium obtains a good balance and the mosses are growing willingly.
Attaching mosses to driftwood with sewing thread:

• Can be attached to all kind of decoration materials
• Must be pruned frequently to maintain shape
• See index p. 99 and “Plants A-Z” for species
16 Taxiphyllum barbieri (Vesicularia) – photo: George Farmer

Ceratopteris thalictroides
• A potted plant that is suitable also
as a floating plant
• Develop very decorative roots
• Fast growing and take nutrient
Limnobium laevigatum
• Most decorative floating plants
• Creates shadow and hidings for surface fish
• See index p. 99 and “Plants from A-Z”
for more floating plants
Floating plants –
another perspective!
Floating plants are normally sold as portions, in the same way as
Tropica’s mosses. They are fast growing, rapidly take up nutrients
and help to create shade. These plants are therefore ideal to help
reduce algae growth during the start-up of the aquarium. Their deco-
rative roots make a good hiding place for breeding fish and their fry.
17
Bunched plants
– easy and fast planting!
Bunched plants are mainly stem plants without roots. The most common bunched plants like Egeria,
Cabomba and Vallisneria are all easy plants that quickly develop roots in their bottom layer. Most
bunched plants are fast growing and are therefore suitable for the start up of your aquarium. They also
take up nutrition rapidly and minimise algae growth.
TIP! Make sure not to plant stems too close knowing that the types are fast growing. Re-plant runners
and new stems as well as top shoots.
Egeria densa
• Popular bunched plant
• Fast growing
• Undemanding
Vallisneria natans
• Easy and steady starter
plant
• Suitable for planting in
the corners behind in
the aquarium
18
Nymphea lotus (zenkeri)
• Beautiful and popular
bulb plant
• Numerous green and
red colours
• Good light increases
colour intensity
Aponogeton bulbs
• Bulbs have many forms
• Leaves can be curled,
wavy or thick
• The plants are vigorous
and decorative
Bulbs – the joy of expectations!

Plants like Aponogeton and Nymphea when under water produce new shoot from the bulb.
When planting the bulb in the bottom of the aquarium make sure that the shoots won’t be
covered as they will then rot. Bulb plants are recommended as solitary plants as they are fast
growing and takes up a lot of space in the aquarium.
TIP! When you buy bulbs make sure that they have a healthy shoot. When planting it into the
bottom of the aquarium only the bulb itself must be covered in the gravel. The shoot must be
on the surface of the gravel.
Nymphea lotus (zenkeri) – photo: Claus Christensen 19

Plants from A-Z
To help you get started with the understanding of the plant species and varieties, we will explain how to read the plant diagrams. Below you
will see an example of a plant diagram with all relevant information and numbers referring to the list below. Further information is available on
www.tropica.com
Nesaea crassicaulis 1 033B 2
PRICE GROUP: POT 5 4
FamilY: Lythraceae 5
3
6 ORIGIN: Africa 7
HEIGHT: 30 - 50 cm
8
WIDTH: 8 - 15+ cm
TEMPERATURE: 22 - 28°C 9
GH: 1 - 13 dH 10
pH: 5.5 - 8.5 11
CODE: A 12
LIGHT: LOW HIGH 13

GROWTH RATE: SLOW FAST 14
DEMANDS: EASY DIFFICULT 15
16
Nesaea crassicaulis is a beautiful and highly recommended aquarium plant, although it has high demands for
light. It has red-brown, cognac-coloured leaves. Grows best in soft and slightly acidic water. Make sure the
lower leaves get sufficient light, otherwise they will die off. This plant is similar to Ammannia species and is often
mistaken for them. But in the aquarium it can be recognised by its yellow-green stems. Easy to propagate by
side shoots or cuttings, which can be cut off and planted in the bottom.
1 The plant’s latin name 6 Picture

of sales pot
2 Tropica’s order number 7 Area of origin – where the plant is most widespread
3 Hand painted water colour illustration 8 Plant height/width – average size after 2 months in the aquarium
4 Varieties and price groups (see the section for product range) 9 Temperature – range tolerated by the plant
5 Name of the plant family 10 GH (water hardness) – medium hardness is GH 5-10 dH
11 pH Tolerance – neutral pH is 6.5-7.5

5
www.tropica.com
12 The letter refers to the “Tips & Tricks” diagram on page 90 for
(!7AD24J-addcai!
plantation and maintenance
Nesaea
l B
8-15+cm
30-50 cm
crassicaulis 13 Light conditions – medium requirement referred to as 0.5 Watt/L
� � � � � 14 Growth rate
Slow Fast
� � � � �
15 Plant’s
demands. Each plant is marked with a colour spot that
Easy Difficult
indicates the growing conditions required: Green = easy,
� � � � �
Africa Yellow = medium, Red = difficult
22-28°C
pH: 5.5-8.5 033B POT
GH: 1-14dH
16 How
the plant looks after it has adapted to the conditions of
the aquarium.
20
www.tropica.com
f
5_F.pdf
5_B.pd
220032
CTRP02
CTRP02
m
m
x105m
x105m
79C
Alternanthera reineckii 'Pink' (roseafolia) 023
PRICE GROUP: POT 5, BDT 3, XL 9
FamilY: Amaranthaceae
ORIGIN: South America
HEIGHT: 25 - 50 cm
WIDTH: 10 - 15 cm
TEMPERATURE: 17 - 28°C
GH: 4 - 20 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
GROWTH RATE: SLOW FAST
DEMANDS: EASY DIFFICULT
The purple colour underneath Alternanthera reineckii ‘Pink’ leaves provides an effective contrast to the many
green plants in an aquarium - particularly when planted in groups. Good light encourages the leaves to turn red.
Easy to propagate by nipping off the terminal bud and planting it in the bottom. This also makes the mother
plant more bushy, because more side shoots are formed.
Alternanthera reineckii 'Purple' (lilacina) 023B

PRICE GROUP: POT 5
FamilY: Amaranthaceae
HEIGHT: 15 - 40 cm
WIDTH: 10 - 15 cm
GH: 4 - 13 dH
pH: 5-7
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Alternanthera reineckii ‘Purple’ needs plenty of light to grow and form dark-red leaves. In open aquariums it
grows willingly up through the surface, and like other difficult plants growth improves considerably if CO2 is
added. Shortage of micronutrients results in pale leaves. Like other stem plants Alternanthera reineckii ‘Purple’
is best in groups.
21
Anubias barteri var. angustifolia 101C
PRICE GROUP: POT 8
FamilY: Araceae
ORIGIN: West Africa
HEIGHT: 10 - 15+ cm
WIDTH: 10 - 15+ cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: D
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Anubias barteri var. angustifolia is a beautiful plant with long, narrow leaves. Anubias barteri var. angustifolia
used to be sold as Anubias afzelii, but the latter is actually a much larger species. It is grown in the same con-
ditions as Anubias barteri var. nana. It is not eaten by herbivorous fish.
Anubias barteri var. barteri 101A

PRICE GROUP: POT 8
FamilY: Araceae
ORIGIN: West Africa
HEIGHT: 25 - 45 cm
WIDTH: 10 - 15+ cm
GH: 1 - 30 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: D
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Anubias barteri var. barteri is an undemanding plant. It grows somewhat larger than Anubias barteri var. nana
but is grown in the same conditions. Anubias barteri varies considerably in terms of size and leaf shape. Like
other Anubias-species, it is best planted in a shady spot to restrict algae growth on the leaves. It is also suitable
for terrariums and aquaterrariums. Herbivorous fish do not eat the very tough and robust leaves.
22
Anubias barteri var. caladiifolia ''1705'' 101U
PRICE GROUP: POT 8, XL 12
FamilY: Araceae
ORIGIN: Cultivar
HEIGHT: 7 - 30+ cm
WIDTH: 10 - 15+ cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: D
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Anubias barteri var. caladiifolia “1705’’ is also simply called “1705’’ (the number used by an Australian tissue
propagation laboratory). It is a very beautiful variety with heartshaped leaves. The leaves live for several years,
so Anubias barteri var. caladiifolia can easily form large groups despite its slow growth. A group of Anubias
barteri var. caladiifolia growing more than 50 cm wide in a few years is not unusual.
Anubias barteri ''coffeefolia'' 101G

PRICE GROUP: POT 9
FamilY: Araceae
ORIGIN: Cultivar
HEIGHT: 15 - 25 cm
WIDTH: 10 - 15+ cm
GH: 1 - 30 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: D
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Anubias barteri “coffeefolia’’ is a very beautiful, low variety of Anubias barteri. It is characteristic that the leaves
arch considerably between the leaf ribs, and the new leaves are red-brown. The colour combination and leaf
shape make it an attractive variety in both large and small aquariums. It flowers frequently under water but does
not produce seeds there. Anubias-species seem to grow so slowly that they do not realise that they have been Anubias barteri var. caladii-
submerged. It is not eaten by herbivorous fish. folia ''1705'' 101U
23
Anubias barteri var. nana 101
PRICE GROUP: POT 8, AquaDecor
FamilY: Araceae
ORIGIN: Cameroun
HEIGHT: 5 - 15 cm
WIDTH: 8 - 12+ cm
GH: 1 - 30 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: D
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Anubias barteri var. nana is a small, attractive plant which thrives in all conditions. It grows slowly, and the
leaves survive for several years, giving slow-growing algae the chance to become established. The best result
is achieved by planting on a stone or tree root. Fishing line can be used to attach the plant until it gains a hold.
If planted on the bottom the rhizome must not be covered because it tends to rot. It flowers frequently under
water. It is not eaten by herbivorous fish.
Aponogeton boivinianus 088

PRICE GROUP: POT 9, KN 7
FamilY: Aponogetonaceae
ORIGIN: Madagascar
HEIGHT: 30 - 60+ cm
WIDTH: 20 - 30+ cm
GH: 9 - 20 dH
pH: 6-8
CODE: C
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Aponogeton boivinianus is a large, strong plant which is only suitable for large aquariums. In favourable condi-
tions it can form very large leaves (up to 80 cm long and 8 cm wide). The oldest leaves are deep dark-green,
while younger leaves are light-green and sometimes brownish until they are fully developed. In the wild Apo-
nogeton boivinianus is found in fast-flowing water, and it prefers some flow in the aquarium water. It needs a Anubias barteri var. nana
dormant period when the root does not produce leaves. 101
24
!
Did you know…
Tropica was the first to introduce the Anubias barteri var. nana back in 1973-74 to the world market.
Anubias barteri var. nana originates from Cameroon in Africa, and was brought to Denmark by the
2. Galathea-expedition (1950-52). In 1969 Tropica’s founder, Holger Windeløv, found it in an aquarium
shop in Copenhagen. The price was back then settled per leaf! With the assistance from an English
company they managed to propagate the plant and to launch the plant in larger quantities.
The Galathea-expedition discovered the

Anubias barteri var. nana by the foot of
Mount Cameroon.
A section from a map of Africa 25

Aponogeton crispus 083
PRICE GROUP: POT 8
ORIGIN: Sri Lanka
HEIGHT: 25 - 50 cm
WIDTH: 15 - 30 cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: C
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Aponogeton crispus looks good in any aquarium with its light-green, transparent leaves. It makes few de-
mands, although growth is always best in soft, slightly acidic water with a nutritious bottom. In such conditions
the plant produces a mass of leaves, and it flowers very frequently in optimum conditions. Aponogeton crispus
is generally found in ponds that are only filled with water in the rainy season, but it does not need a dormant
period in the aquarium.
Aponogeton longiplumulosus 089D

ORIGIN: Madagascar
HEIGHT: 35 - 60 cm
WIDTH: 25 - 50 cm
GH: 1 - 13 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: C
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Aponogeton longiplumulosus has large, fluted leaves, making it a wonderful plant which can be recommended
for large aquariums. It is relatively undemanding, and makes no special demands on water quality. It also flo-
wers frequently, making it a beautiful addition to any large open aquarium. It stops growing at regular intervals, Aponogeton crispus
but normally starts again after a few weeks of dormancy. 083
26
Aponogeton madagascariensis 089
ORIGIN: Madagascar
HEIGHT: 25 - 50+ cm
WIDTH: 25 - 30+ cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5 - 7.5
CODE: C
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Aponogeton madagascariensis is a speciality in botanical gardens all over the world. Aponogeton madaga-
scariensis makes such high demands on water quality and the bottom that it can only be recommended as
a solitary plant in large, specialised aquariums in which the water is replaced frequently. There are several
varieties, with different structures and leaf widths.
Aponogeton ulvaceus 086

ORIGIN: Madagascar
HEIGHT: 30 - 50+ cm
WIDTH: 30 - 35 cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: C
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Aponogeton ulvaceus is one of the most beautiful species in the Aponogeton-family. The leaves are delicate
light-green and transparent with fluted margin. A single root can produce more than 40 leaves. This means that
the plant is best as a solitary plant in large aquariums. It is relatively tolerant, and thrives in both soft and hard
water, particularly if CO2 is added. There are many varieties of Aponogeton ulvaceus, some of which need a
dormant period when the root does not produce leaves.
27
Azolla caroliniana 013
PRICE GROUP: POR 6
FamilY: Azollaceae
ORIGIN: North America
HEIGHT: 1 - 2 cm
WIDTH: 5 - 10+ cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 6-8
CODE: J
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Azolla caroliniana is a small floating fern housing blue-green algae in its leaves. These algae are capable of
absorbing nitrogen from the air, which can then be used by the plant. Azolla caroliniana is used as nitrogen
fertiliser in rice paddies, and as animal feed. There are several related varieties on the market, with similar ap-
pearance. A decorative plant for open aquariums.
Bacopa australis 043A

PRICE GROUP: POT 5
FamilY: Scrophulariaceae
ORIGIN: Brazil
HEIGHT: 7 - 30 cm
WIDTH: 2 - 4+ cm
GH: 1 - 30 dH
pH: 6-8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Bacopa australis was discovered in southern Brazil (australis = southern), and it does not come from Australia,
as might otherwise be assumed from its name. Like the other Bacopa-species, Bacopa australis is also easy
to grow in an aquarium. Under certain conditions it creeps across the bottom to form an elegantly decorative
light green cushion. When Bacopa australis grows in a good light, the leaves become reddish. It is easily pro-
pagated by taking side shoots and planting them in the substrate.
28
Bacopa caroliniana 043
PRICE GROUP: POT 5, XL 9, BDT 3
ORIGIN: USA
HEIGHT: 10 - 30+ cm
WIDTH: 3 - 10+ cm
GH: 4 - 20 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Bacopa caroliniana has been used as an aquarium plant for many years. Apart from relatively good light it
makes few demands. Its slow growth rate makes it one of the few stem plants that do not need much attention.
Like most stem plants, it is most decorative when planted in small groups. Easy to propagate by cuttings; take
a side shoot and plant it in the bottom.
Bacopa monnieri 044

PRICE GROUP: POT 4
ORIGIN: Pan Tropic
HEIGHT: 25 - 50 cm
WIDTH: 8 - 15+ cm
GH: 4 - 30 dH
pH: 6-9
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Bacopa monnieri is an easy and highly recommended plant which thrives in almost all conditions. It is a plant
which is suitable for the hard water found in many European aquariums. Propagate by cuttings; take a side
shoot or terminal bud and plant it in the bottom. Most beautiful when a great number of shoots are planted
in a group.
29
Bolbitis heudelotii 006
PRICE GROUP: POT 8, XL 11, AquaDecor
FamilY: Lomariopsidaceae
ORIGIN: West Africa
HEIGHT: 15 - 40 cm
WIDTH: 15 - 25+ cm
GH: 1 - 13 dH
pH: 5-7
CODE: D
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
A water fern with very beautiful transparent green leaves. When planting do not cover the rhizome because
it will rot, and it is best to plant Bolbitis heudelotii on a root or stone. Keep the plant in position with fishing
line until it has gained a hold. Easy to propagate by splitting the horizontal rhizome. Growth can be increased
considerably by supplying CO2, and is only optimal in soft, slightly acidic water.
Cabomba caroliniana 015

PRICE GROUP: BDT 3
FamilY: Cabombaceae
HEIGHT: 30 - 80+ cm
WIDTH: 5 - 8+ cm
GH: 4 - 20 dH
pH: 4-7
CODE: B
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
A very popular aquarium plant owing to its beautiful foliage. The least demanding of the Cabomba-species,
but still causes problems in poorly lit aquariums. If there is not sufficient light, try Limnophila sessiliflora, which
requires less light. Most decorative when planted in groups. Eaten locally as a vegetable.
30
Cardamine lyrata 024
PRICE GROUP: POT 5
FamilY: Brassicaceae
ORIGIN: Japan
HEIGHT: 20 - 50 cm
WIDTH: 15 - 30 cm
GH: 4 - 20 dH
pH: 6-8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Cardamine lyrata is actually a marsh plant. But it is also a familiar aquarium plant which thrives under water. A
characteristic trailing growth form makes it highly decorative, and “water roots’’ often form on the plant itself.
Plant in groups, and make sure the water temperature does not exceed 28 degrees for long (this makes the
leaves much smaller and the plant more leggy). Also suitable in garden ponds in the summer.
Ceratophyllum demersum 'Foxtail' 021A

PRICE GROUP: POR 8
FamilY: Ceratophyllaceae
ORIGIN: Cosmopolitan
HEIGHT: 5 - 80+ cm
WIDTH: 5 - 15+ cm
GH: 4 - 30 dH
pH: 6-9
CODE: J
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Ceratophyllum demersum ‘Foxtail’ was found in a smaller tributary in Bolivia during an expedition to Rio Gua-
pore, a boundary river between Brazil and Bolivia. Ceratophyllum has no roots as such, but it can still be
planted in the bottom of an aquarium. ‘Foxtail’ differs because its leaves are closer together and it has lateral
shoots, which gives it an attractive, compact appearance. The plant also distinguishes itself because it is
hardier and its stalks do not break as easily as those of other Ceratophyllum-varieties.
31
Ceratopteris thalictroides 005A
PRICE GROUP: POT 5
FamilY: Pteridaceae
ORIGIN: Pan Tropic
HEIGHT: 15 - 30 cm
WIDTH: 10 - 20 cm
GH: 1 - 30 dH
pH: 5-9
CODE: M
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
This plant normally grows fast, but the addition of CO2 may be necessary to promote growth. In small open
aquariums it can grow out of the aquarium and form beautiful surface leaves. The finely branched leaves are
very decorative and provide good contrast to other leaf shapes. In good light Ceratopteris thalictroides grows
fast and helps prevent algae by consuming large amounts of nutrients. This makes it a good starter plant in
small aquariums.
Cladophora aegagrophila 000C

PRICE GROUP: STK 5
FamilY: Cladophoraceae
HEIGHT: 3 - 10 cm
WIDTH: 3 - 10 cm
GH: 9 - 30 dH
pH: 6 - 8.5
CODE: M
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Cladophora aegagrophila is not really a plant, but a ball of algae, so it is a decorative exception from the rule
about avoiding algae at all costs. It is normally found in shallow lakes, where the movement of the waves forms
it into a sphere. In an aquarium it must be turned regularly to keep it in shape. Cladophora aegagrophila can
be divided into smaller pieces, which become spherical with time, or which form a carpet, if attached to roots
and stones. Protected in parts of Japan.
32
!
DID YOU KNOW…
It is Tropica’s aim to produce plants of the best possible quality but also with the lowest possible use
of resources! In 2007 Tropica built entirely new and state-of-the-art production facilities that made it
possible to optimise the consumption of energy, reduce the use of water, fertilizer and chemicals.
Tropica has the MPS certificate – in international standard that proves that we are dedicated to reducing
resource consumption continuously.
As an example all rainwater is being gathered from the roof of the nursery. The surface covers 11,000 m2
and conducts the water into a 1,400 m3 tank that supplies the nursery with water. All rainwater is being
recycled.
Watertank (1,400 m3) Tropica’s roof surface is 11,000 m2
Watering of a production platform with Samolus valerandi 33

Crinum calamistratum 094A
FamilY: Amaryllidaceae
ORIGIN: West Africa
HEIGHT: 40 - 120 cm
WIDTH: 20 - 30 cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: L
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Crinum calamistratum is a very graceful bulbous plant with dark-green, very narrow leaves. It forms smaller
bulbs than the other Crinum-species, and demands more light. In the aquarium plants that are thriving form a
number of small bulbs. It is not eaten by herbivorous fish. It can also be used in brackish aquariums with low
salt concentrations.
Crinum natans 094

ORIGIN: West Africa
HEIGHT: 50 - 150 cm
WIDTH: 20 - 30 cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: L
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Crinum natans is a very beautiful and graceful bulbous plant with dark-green leaves. Plant so the top 2/3 of the
bulb is visible. When the plant grows older (if it is thriving) it sometimes forms small bulbs and sends a flower
stem up to the water surface with a beautiful and aromatic lily flower. The plant varies considerably in leaf width
and the shape of the leaf margin. It is also suitable for indoor ponds, and is not eaten by herbivorous fish.
34
Crinum thaianum 093
ORIGIN: Thailand
HEIGHT: 60 - 200+ cm
WIDTH: 20 - 25 cm
GH: 1 - 30 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: L
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Crinum thaianum is a distinctive bulbous plant belonging to the lily family. It is undemanding apart from the fact
that it needs plenty of space. Plant so the top 2/3 of the bulb is visible, because otherwise the bulb tends to
rot. When the plant grows older it sometimes sends a flower stem up to the water surface with an aromatic,
elegant lily flower. Herbivorous fish leave it alone due to its tough leaves. In Thailand the bulb is used in a cream
used to soften the skin. It is also suitable for indoor ponds.
Cryptocoryne beckettii ''petchii'' 108A

PRICE GROUP: POT 7
FamilY: Araceae
ORIGIN: Sri Lanka
HEIGHT: 10 - 15 cm
WIDTH: 8 - 15 cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: F
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Cryptocoryne beckettii “petchii’’ is a small variety of Cryptocoryne beckettii, which has beautiful, slightly fluted
leaf margins. Like many other Cryptocorynes, the leaf colour and shape depends largely on environmental
conditions in the aquarium. See other Cryptocorynes for further information.
35
Cryptocoryne crispatula var. balansae 125
PRICE GROUP: POT 8
FamilY: Araceae
ORIGIN: Thailand
HEIGHT: 20 - 60+ cm
WIDTH: 15 - 20+ cm
GH: 4 - 30 dH
pH: 5-9
CODE: F
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Cryptocoryne crispatula var. balansae is the oldest known variety of Cryptocoryne crispatula. In the region it
comes from in southern Thailand there are limestone mountains, and the water can be very hard. Like many
other Cryptocorynes it needs to acclimatise before growth starts in earnest. In recent years a narrow-leaf
variety called Cryptocoryne crispatula var. flaccidifolia has often been sold.
Cryptocoryne parva 106

PRICE GROUP: POT 8
FamilY: Araceae
ORIGIN: Sri Lanka
HEIGHT: 5 - 10 cm
WIDTH: 5 - 7 cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: F
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Cryptocoryne parva is the smallest of all Cryptocorynes. It is one of the few species that does not significantly
change its leaf shape and colour depending on cultivation conditions. It needs more light than most other
Cryptocorynes because it almost loses its leaf blade under water. So it must never be overshadowed by other
plants. Individual plants should be planted a few centimetres apart, and after about six months they will form a
cohesive low group of plants. Recommended for foreground planting.
36
Cryptocoryne undulata ''broad leaves'' 110A
PRICE GROUP: POT 7
FamilY: Araceae
ORIGIN: Sri Lanka
HEIGHT: 15 - 25+ cm
WIDTH: 10 - 20 cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: F
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Unlike the common Cryptocoryne undulata, this plant has wider leaves and a beautiful, flecked leaf pattern. It
also grows larger. It is known botanically as a triploid variety. See other Cryptocorynes for further information.
Cryptocoryne wendtii ''brown'' 109C

PRICE GROUP: POT 7
FamilY: Araceae
ORIGIN: Sri Lanka
HEIGHT: 15 - 25 cm
WIDTH: 10 - 15 cm
GH: 1 - 30 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: F
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Cryptocoryne wendtii “brown’’ is a beautiful brown variety of Cryptocoryne wendtii. It is a mistake to believe
that Cryptocorynes require soft water. In large parts of Sri Lanka the water is hard, so Sri Lanka Cryptocorynes
are almost all suitable for hard European water. If the plant is affected by the so-called “cryptocoryne disease’’,
do not remove it from the aquarium because a few weeks later it will produce new shoots. See other Crypto-
corynes for further information.
37
Cryptocoryne wendtii ''green'' 109
PRICE GROUP: POT 7
FamilY: Araceae
ORIGIN: Sri Lanka
HEIGHT: 5 - 10+ cm
WIDTH: 8 - 10 cm
GH: 1 - 30 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: F
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Cryptocoryne wendtii “green’’ is suitable for small aquariums. When grown in an open space the leaves will
virtually lie on the bottom. Like most other Sri Lanka Cryptocorynes, it also grows well in hard water. Like many
other plants, it can be affected by cryptocoryne disease. One way to prevent this is by only leaving the 4-5
newest leaves on the plant when planting. It is a good foreground plant, even in small aquariums. See other
Cryptocorynes for further information.
Cryptocoryne wendtii 'Mi Oya' 109D

PRICE GROUP: POT 7
FamilY: Araceae
ORIGIN: Sri Lanka
HEIGHT: 25 - 35 cm
WIDTH: 15 - 30 cm
GH: 1 - 30 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: F
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
This beautiful variety of Cryptocoryne wendtii is only found in the river Mi Oya. It has characteristic red-brown,
slightly hammered leaves. Many Cryptocorynes can grow at high temperatures. In the wild this plant is found
in streams with a temperature of more than 30 degrees C. At even higher temperatures the light intensity must Cryptocoryne wendtii
be higher or the days longer. See other Cryptocorynes for further information. ''green'' 109
38
Cryptocoryne wendtii 'Tropica' 109E
FamilY: Araceae
ORIGIN: Sri Lanka
HEIGHT: 6 - 10 cm
WIDTH: 8 - 12 cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: F
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
This beautiful variety with the dark, hammered leaves is named after ‘Tropica’. When grown in an open space
the leaves will virtually lie on the bottom. It is suitable for small aquariums. Like most other Sri Lanka Crypto-
corynes, it also grows well in hard water. See other Cryptocorynes for further information.
Cryptocoryne x willisii 107

PRICE GROUP: POT 7
FamilY: Araceae
ORIGIN: Sri Lanka
HEIGHT: 7 - 20+ cm
WIDTH: 7 - 15 cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: F
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
There is some confusion about the name of this plant. It used (mistakenly) to be called Cryptocoryne nevillii,
but this is the name of a species that has never been used in aquariums. Like many other Cryptocorynes, not
much happens the first month after planting. But then it starts to grow, and willingly produces plenty of runners
which form a compact group. See other Cryptocorynes for further information.
39
Cyperus helferi 133A
PRICE GROUP: POT 7
FamilY: Cyperaceae
ORIGIN: Thailand
HEIGHT: 20 - 35 cm
WIDTH: 15 - 25 cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5 - 7.5
CODE: E
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Cyperus-species are widespread all over the tropics, but only a few of them are good underwater plants.
Cyperus helferi is the first Cyperus-species used in aquariums. It requires a relatively large amount of light,
and CO2 addition is recommended to promote growth. In aquariums with good water flow the plant sways
beautifully in the current.
Didiplis diandra 031

PRICE GROUP: POT 7
FamilY: Lythraceae
HEIGHT: 10 - 15+ cm
WIDTH: 2 - 4+ cm
GH: 1 - 13 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Didiplis diandra is a fine foreground plant which should be planted in small groups. In good light it develops red
shoot tips which form a beautiful contrast with other green plants. A demanding plant which needs a lot of light
and prefers soft water. CO2 addition boosts growth considerably. Also known as Peplis diandra.
40
Echinodorus 'Aquartica' 074F
PRICE GROUP: POT 7
FamilY: Alismataceae
ORIGIN: Cultivar
HEIGHT: 10 - 20+ cm
WIDTH: 10 - 20+ cm
GH: 4 - 20 dH
pH: 6.5 - 8
CODE: E
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Characteristic of Echinodorus ‘Aquartica’ are its round, bright green leaves. Its compact, low habit makes
it suitable as a decorative solitary plant. Slow growing and easy to care for, Echinodorus ‘Aquartica’ retains
the refreshing green colour of its leaves in normal lighting and nutrient conditions in the aquarium. The plant
is a cross between several different cultivated plants, including Echinodorus horemanii and several round-
leafed Echinodorus species. Echinodorus ‘Aquartica’ was developed by Kristian Iversen from the “Aquartica’’
company.
Echinodorus x barthii 072A

ORIGIN: Cultivar
HEIGHT: 25 - 50 cm
WIDTH: 20 - 30 cm
GH: 4 - 20 dH
pH: 6-8
CODE: E
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Echinodorus x barthii is a decorative and beautiful solitary plant for large aquariums. The leaves change colour
from dark-red in the youngest leaves to dark-green in the oldest. The colour develops well when the light
intensity is high and there are sufficient micro-nutrients in the aquarium. A nutritious bottom and CO2 addition
promote growth. This plant takes a lot of light from plants underneath, so it must be pruned occasionally. It
used to be sold as “Double Red’’.
41
Echinodorus bleheri (bleherae) 071
HEIGHT: 20 - 50 cm
WIDTH: 25 - 40 cm
GH: 4 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: E
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Echinodorus bleheri is undemanding and beautiful. A nutritious bottom promotes growth, but the plant needs
pruning to prevent it depriving plants underneath of light. Echinodorus bleheri does well even in poorly illumi-
nated aquariums, as it grows towards the light. It is a hardy and easy solitary plant for both beginners and the
more experienced with quite large aquariums. It has been sold under the name ‘’Paniculatus’’.
Echinodorus cordifolius ssp. fluitans 073D

PRICE GROUP: POT 7
ORIGIN: Mexico
HEIGHT: 20 - 40 cm
WIDTH: 15 - 30 cm
GH: 1 - 30 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: E
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
A comparatively fast-growing Echinodorus, suitable for large aquariums. Unlike other round-leafed varieties
of the species, Echinodorus cordifolius ssp. fluitans is less likely to grow up over the water surface. If it grows
large enough, it forms large leaves just under the surface instead.
42
!
Did you know…
Tropica was the first aquarium plant producer in the world to use stone wool as a growing media.
The use of stone wool made it possible to grow plants in pots. In the early 1970’s all aquarium
plants were sold as either bunched plants or as loose plants. By using the stone wool a new era
opened for the production of aquarium plants. All over the world other producers of aquarium
plants quickly adapted this way of producing plants as it is most suitable for export. Furthermore,
it is the best way of protecting the plant’s roots from producer to end user.
Use of stone wool for the potting of the plants Potting of Pogostemon helferi
Bacopa caroliniana with well developed roots 43

Echinodorus macrophyllus 073
PRICE GROUP: POT 7
HEIGHT: 30 - 50+ cm
WIDTH: 20 - 30+ cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: E
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Echinodorus macrophyllus is one of the large, orbiculate “sword’’ plants which grow up out of even large
aquariums in good growing conditions. If light is available less than 11 hours a day it is easier to keep down
inside the aquarium. It is suitable for open aquariums, where it forms decorative heart-shaped leaves above
the water surface. It is a good idea to spray the plant to prevent it drying out. It used to be sold as Echinodorus
“radicans’’.
Echinodorus osiris 072

PRICE GROUP: POT 8
ORIGIN: Brazil
HEIGHT: 25 - 50 cm
WIDTH: 20 - 30 cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: E
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
In the 1970’s coloured aquarium plants were rare, which is why Echinodorus osiris with its red colour quickly
became popular. A nutritious bottom promotes growth, and when there is a shortage of micro-nutrients new
leaves turn pale, thus indicating that fertiliser may be necessary. It is generally an undemanding plant which is
suitable for both soft and hard water. The red colour of the leaves grows stronger at higher light intensities. It
used to be sold as Echinodorus rubra. It is not eaten by herbivorous fish.
44
Echinodorus 'Ozelot' 073F
ORIGIN: Cultivar
HEIGHT: 20 - 40+ cm
WIDTH: 25 - 30 cm
GH: 4 - 30 dH
pH: 6-8
CODE: E
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Echinodorus ‘Ozelot’ is a decorative hybrid between Echinodorus schluteri ‘Leopard’ and Echinodorus x bar-
thii. Naturally, it is the elliptical black spots on the red-brown leaves that have given this plant the name ‘Ozelot’.
The spots are darkest on the youngest leaves, and unlike many other spotted Echinodorus, ‘Ozelot’ retains its
spots even at low light intensity. It is an undemanding, good plant for beginners.
Echinodorus 'Ozelot Green' 073G

ORIGIN: Cultivar
HEIGHT: 20 - 40+ cm
WIDTH: 25 - 30 cm
GH: 1 - 30 dH
pH: 6-8
CODE: E
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
A beautiful, dark-green variety of Echinodorus ‘Ozelot’. The dark spots form a bigger contrast on the light
leaves. The leaf margin is fluted. A nutritious bottom promotes growth. It is an easy and highly recommended
plant, which thrives in almost all conditions.
45
Echinodorus palaefolius var. latifolius 076
ORIGIN: Brazil
HEIGHT: 20 - 40+ cm
WIDTH: 20 - 40+ cm
GH: 4 - 30 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: E
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
In marshy conditions Echinodorus palaefolius var. latifolius has round leaves with a horizontal leaf base. Under
water the leaves are narrower and longer. In the aquarium it tends to grow out of the water. This can be pre-
vented by removing the long leaves just before they reach the water surface. The next leaves will then become
shorter and the plant will remain under water. In open aquariums the plant can be allowed to grow out of the
water, but the leaf margins often dry out if air humidity is low.
Echinodorus quadricostatus 068

PRICE GROUP: POT 7
HEIGHT: 10 - 15 cm
WIDTH: 15 - 20+ cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 6-8
CODE: E
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
This plant has characteristic light-green leaves which form a good contrast to the darker aquarium plants. It is
most beautiful when planted in groups. In good conditions it produces runners which spread over the bottom.
Very light leaves are a sign of a shortage of micro-nutrients. There is some confusion about the name of this Echinodorus palaefolius
plant, and it has been sold as Echinodorus bolivianus var. magdalenensis. var. latifolius 076
46
Echinodorus 'Red Diamond' 074D
PRICE GROUP: POT 8
ORIGIN: Cultivar
HEIGHT: 15 - 25 cm
WIDTH: 20 - 30 cm
GH: 4 - 30 dH
pH: 6-8
CODE: E
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Echinodorus ‘Red Diamond’ appeared as a culture in the Ukraine, and is probably a cross between Echino-
dorus horemanni ‘Red’ and Echinodorus x barthii. The resultant hybrid is an attractive plant with ruby-red
sword-shaped leaves. Unlike many of the other Echinodorus-species, Echinodorus ‘Red Diamond’ remains
moderate in size, so it is extremely well suited as a solitary plant, even in small aquariums. Increasing the nutri-
ents in the substrate results in more abundant growth, while favourable light conditions promote the formation
of the ruby-red leaves.
Echinodorus 'Red Special' 073J

ORIGIN: Cultivar
HEIGHT: 10 - 30 cm
WIDTH: 10 - 20 cm
GH: 1 - 30 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: E
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
A hybrid of several different cultivated plants, characterised by copper-coloured, spatula-shaped leaves. In
some cases these have darker red patches. The plant grows abundantly in a compact shape, and is very
decorative as a solitary plant.
47
Echinodorus 'Rosé' 072B
ORIGIN: Cultivar
HEIGHT: 25 - 40 cm
WIDTH: 15 - 25 cm
GH: 4 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: E
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
This beautiful plant is a hybrid between Echinodorus horemanii “Rot’’ and Echinodorus horizontalis. It was first
produced in 1986 by Hans Barth in Dessau. New underwater leaves are a beautiful pink, and initially the leaves
have red-brown spots. A nutritious bottom promotes growth, but otherwise Echinodorus ‘Rosé’ is undeman-
ding and thus an excellent plant for beginners.
Echinodorus 'Rubin' 074B

ORIGIN: Cultivar
HEIGHT: 30 - 50+ cm
WIDTH: 20 - 40 cm
GH: 4 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: E
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Echinodorus ‘Rubin’ is a decorative hybrid between Echinodorus horemanii “rot’’ and Echinodorus x barthii.
The transparent, ruby-red leaves with light leaf ribs provide a particularly intensive sheen. An undemanding
plant whose growth is stimulated by CO2 addition and a nutritious bottom. A good solitary plant for large
aquariums.
48
Echinodorus tenellus 067
PRICE GROUP: POT 8
HEIGHT: 5 - 10 cm
WIDTH: 5 - 8+ cm
GH: 1 - 13 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: I
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Small foreground plants for aquariums are in short supply, but Echinodorus tenellus is one of the best. The
runners spread round the aquarium. A true “lawn’’ effect is only achieved at high light intensities, so you must
make sure larger plants do not overshadow the plant. Plant individual plants a couple of centimetres apart
(easiest with tweezers). A nutritious bottom promotes growth.
Echinodorus uruguayensis 070A

PRICE GROUP: POT 7
HEIGHT: 20 - 55+ cm
WIDTH: 10 - 30 cm
GH: 4 - 20 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: E
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Echinodorus uruguayensis has long, narrow, transparent, dark-green leaves, making it a very beautiful solitary
plant for large aquariums. The leaf length and width vary considerably. In good growing conditions it forms
an unusual number of leaves, and a nutritious bottom and CO2 addition and slightly acidic water promote
growth. A number of species formerly regarded as distinct are now included under the name Echinodorus
uruguayensis.
49
Echinodorus 'Vesuvius' 067C
PRICE GROUP: POT 9
ORIGIN: Cultivar
HEIGHT: 10 - 20 cm
WIDTH: 10 - 15 cm
GH: 4 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: E
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Echinodorus ‘Vesuvius’ is a cultured species based on Echinodorus angustifolia from Oriental Aquarium Plants.
The narrow and twisted green leaves makes it an unusual addition to the Echinodorus. It grows vigorously with
many medium length and narrow leaves, and is highly decorative as a solitary plant. ‘Vesuvius’ spreads readily
with runners. An easy and undemanding plant that requires medium to high light conditions.
Egeria densa 058

PRICE GROUP: BDT 3
FamilY: Hydrocharitaceae
HEIGHT: 40 - 100 cm
WIDTH: 3 - 5 cm
GH: 1 - 30 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: B
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Egeria densa is a good plant for beginners, and its rapid growth helps create a balance in the aquarium from
the start. It can also help prevent algae because it absorbs a great number of nutrients from the water. The
plant secretes antibiotic substances which can help prevent blue-green algae (a type of bacteria). The growth
rate depends largely on the amount of light and nutrition available. Growth does not stop in unfavourable
conditions, but the plant turns light in colour and the tendrils grow thin.
50
!
Did you know…
Tropica’s employees are highly dedicated. Based on their long-term and vast experiences with
aquarium plants you are guaranteed a top quality product. Despite the use of modern electronic
equipment in the production of 130 species, it still takes a great deal of experience to identify and
evaluate the necessary processes to optimize plant growth and health. It is Tropica’s philosophy
that decisions concerning both the company and the products are being taken in accordance with
our employees considerations. Job satisfaction and participation on decision-making processes
ensures Tropica employees’ morale and motivation levels are outstanding.
Packing of Limnobium laevigatum in the submerged department 51

Eleocharis parvula 132C
PRICE GROUP: POT 7
FamilY: Cyperaceae
HEIGHT: 3 - 10 cm
WIDTH: 5 - 10+ cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: H
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Eleocharis parvula has short leaves and fast growth making it one of the most impressive carpet-forming fore-
ground plants. It spreads rapidly by runners. It is a relatively easy and undemanding plant that does best with
good light and a nutritious substrate. Can be planted in small portions in the substrate and can form a dense
carpet in a matter of weeks given the right lighting and conditions. When the leaves get too long they can be
pruned with scissors to about 2cm height, encouraging new growth.
Glossostigma elatinoides 045A

PRICE GROUP: POT 5
ORIGIN: New Zealand
HEIGHT: 2 - 3+ cm
WIDTH: 5 - 10+ cm
GH: 1 - 13 dH
pH: 5 - 7.5
CODE: G
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Glossostigma elatinoides is much in demand in Japanese-inspired aquariums. It is one of the smallest aqua-
rium plants, and thus a good foreground plant. A difficult plant demanding a lot of light. Grows upwards if light
is poor. Make sure larger plants do not overshadow it. When planting in the aquarium small clumps (approx.
1/8 pot) should be placed at intervals of a few centimetres to help the plants grow together more quickly. CO2
addition and soft water promote growth significantly.
52
Hemianthus callitrichoides ''Cuba'' 048B
PRICE GROUP: POT 7
ORIGIN: Cuba
HEIGHT: 0.5 - 3 cm
WIDTH: 3 - 10+ cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5 - 7.5
CODE: G
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Hemianthus callitrichoides is one of the smallest aquarium plants in the world, and creeps over the bottom
with millimetre-sized round leaves. If planted in small clumps a few centimetres apart, it will spread rapidly and
cover the bottom like a carpet. Hemianthus callitrichoides is an attractive foreground plant for small aquariums.
Found on Cuba west of Havana.
Hemianthus micranthemoides 048A

PRICE GROUP: POT 7
HEIGHT: 5 - 15+ cm
WIDTH: 5 - 10+ cm
GH: 1 - 30 dH
pH: 5 - 7.5
CODE: G
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Hemianthus micranthemoides is a graceful plant whose small, arched leaves make it look like a miniature ver-
sion of Egeria. It has a characteristic trailing growth in intensive light, so it can be used as a foreground plant. A
compact group of Hemianthus micranthemoides is very beautiful with its small, light-green leaves. In terrariums
the plant forms a compact cushion. Used to be called Micranthemum micranthemoides.
53
Heteranthera zosterifolia 096
PRICE GROUP: POT 7
FamilY: Pontederiaceae
HEIGHT: 30 - 50 cm
WIDTH: 10 - 15 cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Heteranthera zosterifolia is an extremely beautiful plant which forms a lot of side shoots and thus quickly forms
a bushy plant group. In strong light growth is intensive, and the plant must be pruned before it becomes so
compact that no light reaches the lower leaves. Water roots often form on the stem. In open aquariums it forms
small blue flowers if some shoots are allowed to spread on the surface.
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides (maritima) 039A

PRICE GROUP: POT 5
FamilY: Apiaceae
ORIGIN: South-east Asia
HEIGHT: 3 - 8 cm
WIDTH: 5 - 10+ cm
GH: 1 - 13 dH
pH: 6-8
CODE: I
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides is a beautiful plant which can be difficult to grow. Intensive light is vital. In the wild it
is found in very arid conditions which are rarely flooded. Used to be sold as Hydrocotyle “maritima’’.
54
Hydrocotyle verticillata 039
PRICE GROUP: POT 5
FamilY: Apiaceae
ORIGIN: America
HEIGHT: 3 - 7 cm
WIDTH: 5 - 10+ cm
GH: 1 - 13 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: I
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Unlike other Hydrocotyle species, this plant retains its trailing growth form. Optimum growth is only achieved
in strong light and soft, slightly acidic water. It does not need to be rooted, but can be used as a floating plant.
Hydrocotyle verticillata is definitely a foreground plant which can also be used in garden ponds. It can also be
used as an indoor plant if the soil is kept moist.
Hygrophila corymbosa 053

PRICE GROUP: BDT 3
FamilY: Acanthaceae
HEIGHT: 30 - 50 cm
WIDTH: 15 - 20 cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: B
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Hygrophila corymbosa is an undemanding starter plant that originates from Asia. In the aquarium it will spread
fast and create bright green, long and wide leaves. It is a fast growing plant that must be pruned frequently.
New shoots will spread from the stem and make the plant look bushier. The cuttings can be re-planted in the
bottom of the aquarium where new roots form quickly.
55
Hygrophila corymbosa 'Angustifolia' 052A
PRICE GROUP: POT 5
FamilY: Acanthaceae
HEIGHT: 25 - 60 cm
WIDTH: 20 - 35 cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Under water Hygrophila corymbosa ‘Angustifolia’ has relatively narrow leaves which are grouped close to-
gether. Plants sold in the shops are normally cultivated above water, and have rounder leaves with larger gaps
between them.
Hygrophila corymbosa ''Compact'' 052D

PRICE GROUP: POT 8
FamilY: Acanthaceae
ORIGIN: Cultivar
HEIGHT: 5 - 15 cm
WIDTH: 5 - 10 cm
GH: 1 - 30 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
A very compact variety of Hygrophila corymbosa, with the leaves set close to the stalk. Forms numerous side
shoots, enhancing the compact appearance. The leaves are a dark brownish green when the plant is delivered,
but after a transitional period in the aquarium they turn light green and silver-white on the underside. In strong
light the newest leaves are reddish brown in colour and in time the oldest ones die away - especially in dimmer Hygrophila corymbosa
light. New side shoots form often, to replace the old. 'Angustifolia' 052A
56
!
Did you know…
Tropica’s tissue laboratory was started in 1994 and today more than one million plants are produced
there annually for our own production, spread over more than 50 cultures (e.g. Hygrophila, Bacopa,
and Pogostemon). Plants from the tissue laboratory get the perfect start to their lives with optimum
growth conditions from both light and nutrition as they are being produced in glass containers iso-
lated from their surroundings. Uniformity, heightened survival capacity, greater compactness, many
plants in each pot, enhanced adaptability – these are just a few of the ideal properties that associated
to plants that begin their lives at Tropica’s tissue laboratory.
Cutting of Marsilea hirsuta mother material Tissue laboratory
More than one million plants sees the light in Tropica’s laboratory 57
Hygrophila corymbosa 'Siamensis' 053A
FamilY: Acanthaceae
ORIGIN: Thailand
HEIGHT: 15 - 40 cm
WIDTH: 15 - 20 cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Under water the leaves are light-green and dense. In open aquariums Hygrophila corymbosa ‘Siamensis’
grows easily above the water surface, where it forms blue-green leaves and small blue flowers. It grows fast
and the shoots must be pinched out regularly if you want to keep the plant under water. An extremely hardy
plant, suitable for beginners.
Hygrophila corymbosa 'Siamensis 53B' 053B

PRICE GROUP: POT 4
FamilY: Acanthaceae
HEIGHT: 15 - 30+ cm
WIDTH: 10 - 15 cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Hygrophila corymbosa ‘Siamensis 53B’ is a variety of Hygrophila corymbosa ‘Siamensis’. This Hygrophila
‘Siamensis 53B’ forms an incredible amount of side shoots and becomes bushy relatively rapidly. Its beautiful
bright green leaves are narrower than the regular ‘Siamensis’ and it can achieve red-brown leaves in good light
conditions. An undemanding, fast growing plant that must be pruned frequently to maintain a bushy growth.
58
Hygrophila difformis 051
PRICE GROUP: BDT 3
FamilY: Acanthaceae
HEIGHT: 20 - 50 cm
WIDTH: 15 - 25 cm
GH: 1 - 30 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: B
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Hygrophila difformis is beautiful and undemanding. A plant for beginners which can help create a balance in
the aquarium from the start. Its rapid growth helps prevent algae because the plant absorbs a great number of
nutrients from the water. The shortage of micro-nutrients leads to pale leaves, which may be an indication that
the aquarium needs fertiliser. In large aquariums its lobed leaves can create a distinctive group.
Hygrophila pinnatifida 051A

PRICE GROUP: POT 8
FamilY: Acanthaceae
ORIGIN: India
HEIGHT: 15 - 40+ cm
WIDTH: 15 - 30+ cm
GH: 4 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Hygrophila pinnatifida originates from India. It obtains brown, patched leaves on the surface with a distinctive
burgundy colour underneath. It creates horizontal side shoots and the top shoots should be pinched out in
order to maintain compact and attractive growth. The horizontal side shoots easily attach to both wood and
rocks. Growth is moderate and the colour is attractive when planted in small groups with a plain background.
Intense lighting ensures compact growth due to the plant’s slow to medium growth rate.
59
Hygrophila polysperma 050
PRICE GROUP: POT 5
FamilY: Acanthaceae
HEIGHT: 25 - 40 cm
WIDTH: 10 - 20 cm
GH: 4 - 30 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Hygrophila polysperma is one of the hardiest aquarium plants available. It is particularly good for beginners
because it grows in almost all conditions. It normally grows so fast that it is important to prevent it crowding
out other plants. The shoots must be pinched out regularly. Leaves lying on the surface form small new plants.
Hygrophila polysperma varies considerably in leaf shape and colour, depending to some extent on the light
supplied.
Hygrophila polysperma 'Rosanervig' 050B

PRICE GROUP: POT 5
FamilY: Acanthaceae
ORIGIN: Cultivar
HEIGHT: 20 - 30+ cm
WIDTH: 6 - 10 cm
GH: 4 - 20 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Hygrophila polysperma ‘Rosanervig’ is normally an undemanding plant. But if you want deep-pink leaves you
must provide intensive light. The distinctive colouring of the light leaf ribs is probably caused by a virus which
prevents chlorophyll from being produced in the cells around the leaf ribs, making them white. However, this
virus does not affect other plants in the aquarium.
60
Juncus repens 133F
PRICE GROUP: POT 8
FamilY: Juncaceae
ORIGIN: USA
HEIGHT: 7 - 30 cm
WIDTH: 5 - 7+ cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: E
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Juncus repens is widespread in shallow water and along the banks of ponds and lakes in North America. In an
aquarium Juncus repens is decorative and distinguishes itself from other aquatic plants. If it grows under water,
Juncus repens forms leaves in rings, and, depending on its growth conditions, it often develops a thick, bushy
habit. The leaves are normally light green, but in good light the underwater form of Juncus repens most fre-
quently becomes reddish. New shoots form willingly from the nodes, so Juncus repens is easy to propagate.
Lilaeopsis brasiliensis 040

PRICE GROUP: POT 6
FamilY: Apiaceae
HEIGHT: 4 - 7 cm
WIDTH: 5 - 10+ cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 6-8
CODE: I
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Lilaeopsis brasiliensis can grow very compact, but a “lawn effect’’ is only achieved at high light intensity. When
planting in the aquarium small clumps (approx. 1/8 pot) should be placed a few centimetres apart to help the
plants grow together more quickly. Place in an open position without shading from other plants to ensure
good light. Lilaeopsis brasiliensis can be used in garden ponds, and also tolerates low salt concentrations in
brackish aquariums.
61
Lilaeopsis mauritiana 040B
PRICE GROUP: POT 7
FamilY: Apiaceae
ORIGIN: Mauritius
HEIGHT: 5 - 10 cm
WIDTH: 5 - 10+ cm
GH: 1 - 30 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: I
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
This Lilaeopsis species demands less light than Lilaeopsis brasiliensis. Tropica’s founder, Holger Windeløv,
found it on Mauritius in 1992. The plants height and distance between its leaves depend on the light intensity.
The more light it gets, the lower the plant and the denser the leaves. The runners spread round the aquarium.
Should be planted like Lilaeopsis brasiliensis.
Limnobium laevigatum 063

PRICE GROUP: POR 6
HEIGHT: 1 - 5 cm
WIDTH: 5 - 10+ cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: J
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Limnobium laevigatum is a decorative plant that is particularly suitable for open aquariums. It is also good in
traditional aquariums, because the fine, long and decorative roots provide protection to gouramies and other
surface fish that like the roots of floating plants. If there are enough nutrients in the water and the light intensity
is good, new leaves will appear above the water surface.
62
Limnophila aquatica 046
PRICE GROUP: POT 7
HEIGHT: 25 - 50 cm
WIDTH: 15 - 20 cm
GH: 1 - 13 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
An extremely beautiful aquarium plant circled by light-green and finely branched leaves. In the right growing
conditions with added CO2 and a nutritious bottom this plant grows fast. In good light it forms horizontal side
shoots and becomes attractive and bushy. Most decorative when several stems are planted in a small group.
In open aquariums it sometimes sends shoots above the water surface, forming small blue flowers.
Limnophila sessiliflora 047

PRICE GROUP: POT 7
HEIGHT: 15 - 40 cm
WIDTH: 10 - 15 cm
GH: 4 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Limnophila sessiliflora is a good and undemanding plant which is a good alternative to Cabomba, which
demands a lot of light. The plant often grows leggy in poor light, but this can be counteracted to some extent
by stimulating growth by CO2 addition. Most beautiful when planted in groups. In good growing conditions it
sends out runners and spreads across the bottom. Limnophila sessiliflora used to be called “Ambulia’’.
63
Lindernia rotundifolia 045
PRICE GROUP: POT 6
ORIGIN: Asia
HEIGHT: 15 - 30+ cm
WIDTH: 10 - 20+ cm
GH: 4 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Lindernia rotundifolia grows on sandy banks along streams in Asia. The plant is undemanding and the stems
with marbled leaves quickly form compact groups. Lindernia rotundifolia is suitable both for background and
as a solitary mid-ground plant with leaves growing tightly from top to bottom. A good starter plant that thrives
under most conditions.
Lobelia cardinalis 053C

PRICE GROUP: POT 5
FamilY: Lobeliaceae
HEIGHT: 20 - 30+ cm
WIDTH: 7 - 15 cm
GH: 4 - 20 dH
pH: 6-8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
In the nursery this plant is cultivated in marshy conditions, forming dark-green leaves which are purple under-
neath. In aquariums the leaves turn a beautiful shade of light-green. It needs intensive light to thrive. Widely
used in Dutch aquariums in so-called “plant streets’’. In open aquariums it grows above the water surface, Lindernia rotundifolia
where it forms very beautiful scarlet flowers and the leaves regain their colour. Can be used in garden ponds. 045
64
Ludwigia arcuata 035
PRICE GROUP: POT 7
FamilY: Onagraceae
ORIGIN: USA
HEIGHT: 25 - 50 cm
WIDTH: 3 - 5 cm
GH: 1 - 13 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
This is a narrow-leafed Ludwigia species, so it is often mistaken for Didiplis diandra. It requires a relatively large
amount of light before forming a red stem and red leaves, and thrives best in slightly acidic, soft/medium hard
water. The most decorative effect can be achieved by planting it in groups. It is suitable for small aquariums,
and can also be used as a terrarium plant.
Ludwigia glandulosa 035A

PRICE GROUP: POT 5
FamilY: Onagraceae
HEIGHT: 15 - 40 cm
WIDTH: 5 - 12 cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Ludwigia glandulosa is a very beautiful water plant. It is slowgrowing and requires CO2 addition to grow well.
The leaves turn greener if sufficient light is provided. Used to be sold as Ludwigia perennis.
65
Ludwigia repens 'Rubin' 033D
PRICE GROUP: POT 7
FamilY: Onagraceae
HEIGHT: 20 - 50 cm
WIDTH: 10 - 20 cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Variety of Ludwigia repens with striking dark red leaves and stalk. It makes a fine colour contrast to the green
shades in the aquarium. Plant in large groups to enhance the decorative effect, and prune regularly to encou-
rage bushy growth. The plant makes few demands, but if light is insufficient the lower leaves tend to fall off. In
strong light the colour becomes more intense.
Marsilea hirsuta 010

PRICE GROUP: POT 5
FamilY: Marsileceae
ORIGIN: Australia
HEIGHT: 2 - 10+ cm
WIDTH: 5 - 10+ cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5 - 7.5
CODE: H
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Marsilea hirsuta is a fascinating plant, usually delivered with leaves like a four-leaf clover. After a transitional
period it develops different types of leaves, possibly a low form with single leaves like a large Glossostigma,
or alternatively develop two, three or four-lobed leaves varying in height, depending on the growth conditions.
Whichever form the plant adopts, it forms runners and spreads rapidly round the aquarium.
66
Micranthemum umbrosum 048
PRICE GROUP: POT 7
ORIGIN: USA
HEIGHT: 10 - 15+ cm
WIDTH: 5 - 10+ cm
GH: 4 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: G
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Micranthemum umbrosum is a beautiful plant with small round leaves. It is suitable for small or large aquariums.
Relatively demanding in terms of light. CO2 addition is recommended to promote growth. Once the plant starts
growing it grows fast, and the shoots have to be pinched out often (can be planted as cuttings in the bottom).
Most beautiful in groups of many stems.
Microsorum pteropus 008

FamilY: Polypodiaceae
ORIGIN: Asia
HEIGHT: 15 - 30 cm
WIDTH: 12 - 20+ cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: D
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Microsorum pteropus is a water fern which should be grown on a root or stone, attached with fishing line until
it has gained a hold. If it is planted in the bottom, do not cover the rhizome because it will rot. Easy to propa-
gate by splitting the horizontal rhizome. A hardy plant which grows in all conditions. The black spots under the
leaves are sporangia (reproductive organs), not signs of disease as many believe.
67
Microsorum pteropus 'Narrow' 008A
ORIGIN: Asia
HEIGHT: 10 - 20 cm
WIDTH: 10 - 20 cm
GH: 1 - 30 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: D
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Microsorum pteropus is a highly variable species, and new varieties are easily bred. Microsorum pteropus
‘Narrow’ has narrower leaves, which grow at a less acute angle from the stem than the normal Microsorum
pteropus. The plant attaches readily to roots and stones. A decorative plant, which is also suitable for smaller
aquariums. See also Microsorum pteropus.
Microsorum pteropus 'Windeløv' 008B

ORIGIN: Cultivar
HEIGHT: 10 - 20 cm
WIDTH: 12 - 18+ cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: D
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Microsorum pteropus ‘Windeløv’ is a patented variety of Microsorum pteropus, named after Tropica’s founder
Holger Windeløv. Its finely branched leaf tips make it one of the most beautiful aquarium plants. A hardy and
easy plant for both beginners and the more experienced. Best results are obtained by planting it on a stone
or tree root. If planted in the bottom the horizontal rhizome must not be covered. This plant is not eaten by
herbivorous fish.
68
!
Did you know…
Microsorum pteropus ‘Windeløv’ was the very first plant to be patented. During an inspection in 1992
of 10,000 Microsorum pteropus plants, Holger Windeløv (founder of Tropica) discovered two plants
that were unique from the rest! The tip of a leaf divided, and this division had two tips dividing again.
Through a long propagation and selective process they succeeded in re-creating this species.
On the occasion of Tropica’s 25th anniversary this new plant was named Microsorum pteropus
‘Windeløv’ after the founder of Tropica. Both it’s name and patent has been of great value to
Tropica, and to the quiet enjoyment of Holger!
Holger Windeløv in the year of 2010 with Microsorum pteropus ‘Windeløv’ 69

Monosolenium tenerum 002C
PRICE GROUP: POR 7, AquaDecor
FamilY: Monoseleniaceae
ORIGIN: Asia
HEIGHT: 2 - 5+ cm
WIDTH: 3 - 10+ cm
GH: 1 - 30 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: K
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Monosolenium tenerum is an attractive liverwort, which looks most like a giant Riccia that simply stays at the
bottom, where it forms cushions. It is a brittle plant, and pieces break off easily, so it is best to place it in the
aquarium attached to stones with fishing line or in small clumps among other plants such as Eleocharis. Once
Monosolenium has established itself, it is very undemanding. This plant is mistakenly known as Pellia.
Myriophyllum mattogrossense 037

PRICE GROUP: POT 7
FamilY: Haloragaceae
HEIGHT: 30 - 60 cm
WIDTH: 10 - 15 cm
GH: 4 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Myriophyllum matogrossense originates from Matto Grosso in the Rio Amazonas, Brazil. It has decorative and
feather-like, reddish stems and finely divided bright green leaves. In good light conditions the leaves spread
out in a fan shape. Myriophyllum is relatively easy and is suitable for the background. It needs to be pruned
frequently to maintain its bushy form. It is fast growing and requires a good deal of nutrition. A good starter
plant.
70
Myriophyllum mezianum 037B
PRICE GROUP: POT 7
ORIGIN: Madagascar
HEIGHT: 5 - 30+ cm
WIDTH: 5 - 10+ cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Myriophyllum mezianum has finely dissected light green leaves with reddish apical shoots and it grows signi-
ficantly slower than the already known species of Myriophyllum. It was found on Madagascar where it formed
dense stands in shallow water. During planting, the individual shoots should be placed few centimetres apart in
small groups in the middle ground of the aquarium. Myriophyllum mezianum requires both high light and CO2
injection to obtain the best possible result and, in addition, the plant is also nutrient requiring.
Nesaea crassicaulis 033B

PRICE GROUP: POT 5
FamilY: Lythraceae
ORIGIN: Africa
HEIGHT: 30 - 50 cm
WIDTH: 8 - 15+ cm
GH: 1 - 13 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8.5
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Nesaea crassicaulis is a beautiful and highly recommended aquarium plant, although it has high demands for
light. It has red-brown, cognac-coloured leaves. Grows best in soft and slightly acidic water. Make sure the
lower leaves get sufficient light, otherwise they will die off. This plant is similar to Ammannia species and is often
mistaken for them. But in the aquarium it can be recognised by its yellow-green stems. Easy to propagate by
side shoots or cuttings, which can be cut off and planted in the bottom.
71
Nesaea pedicellata 033C
PRICE GROUP: POT 5
FamilY: Lythraceae
ORIGIN: Africa
HEIGHT: 20 - 40+ cm
WIDTH: 10 - 20+ cm
GH: 4 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Nesaea pedicellata is an attractive, decorative and easy stem plant. Leaf colours range from green to yellow
and orange and reddish shades depending on growth conditions in the aquarium. The stems keep their intense
red colouring, something that can also be seen when the plant is grown in a swamp. Compared with Nesaea
crassicaulis, Nesaea pedicellata has narrower leaves and its colours are warmer. We recommend planting
Nesaea in the mid-ground of the aquarium as a contrast to the tall green background plants.
Nymphaea lotus (zenkeri) 019

FamilY: Nymphaeaceae
ORIGIN: West Africa
HEIGHT: 20 - 80 cm
WIDTH: 25 - 60 cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: C
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
A beautiful and very varied species with leaves of green to red-brown and varying numbers of purple spots.
Before forming floating leaves Nymphaea lotus (zenkeri) forms many underwater leaves. If you don’t want
floating leaves, prune the roots and leaves. The beautiful, aromatic flowers can be fully appreciated in open
aquariums. A nutritious bottom encourages growth. Often available in a red and a green variety. Recommen- Nesaea pedicellata
ded as a solitary plant for large aquariums. 033C
72
Pogostemon erectus 053F
PRICE GROUP: POT 8
FamilY: Lamiaceae
ORIGIN: India
HEIGHT: 15 - 40 cm
WIDTH: 10 - 15 cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
The Indian Pogostemon erectus forms compact groups of bright green, conifer-like stems. Pogostemon erec-
tus is suitable as a background plant and creates a wonderful focal point in both smaller and larger groups.
Intense light helps the plant to stay compact for a longer period. Moderate growth and vigorous roots.
Pogostemon helferi 053H

FamilY: Lamiaceae
ORIGIN: Thailand
HEIGHT: 2 - 10 cm
WIDTH: 5 - 10 cm
GH: 1 - 30 dH
pH: 6 - 7.5
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
This plant was discovered by aquarists in Thailand, close to the border with Burma. It is called ‘Daonoi’ (little
star) in Thailand, and it is easy to see why. Pogostemon helferi is an unusual and distinctive aquatic plant with
a compact habit, curly leaves and a strikingly beautiful green colour. With good light conditions and a substrate
rich in nutrients Pogostemon helferi forms many side shoots, which develop small roots, and the plant rapidly Pogostemon erectus
forms an impressive carpet of foreground vegetation. 053F
73
Pogostemon stellata (Eusteralis) 053G
PRICE GROUP: POT 7
FamilY: Lamiaceae
ORIGIN: Asia
HEIGHT: 15 - 25+ cm
WIDTH: 10 - 20 cm
GH: 1 - 13 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Pogostemon stellata is distinguished by its beautiful shape and colour. It is difficult to grow in aquariums. It re-
quires intensive light and the addition of CO2 to grow well. The shortage of micro-nutrients leads to pale leaves,
which may be an indication that the aquarium needs fertiliser. Even in good conditions growth sometimes stops
suddenly. Plants in aquarium shops are generally low, compact plants grown in marshy conditions, and do not
reveal their full glory until planted in the aquarium.
Polygonum sp. 023F

PRICE GROUP: POT 7
FamilY: Polygonaceae
HEIGHT: 30 - 60 cm
WIDTH: 10 - 15 cm
GH: 4 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Polygonum oringates from South America and is highly attractive with its arrow-shaped, red leaves. It demands
both high lighting and CO2 levels. After it has adapted to submerged existence its leaves turn a reddish colour.
The most decorative effect is achieved by planting it into smaller groups. Polygonum sp. requires a good deal
of nutrition, and should be pruned frequently to maintain healthy growth.
74
Proserpinaca palustris ''Cuba'' 037C
PRICE GROUP: POT 8
ORIGIN: Cuba
HEIGHT: 10 - 40 cm
WIDTH: 5 - 15 cm
GH: 1 - 13 dH
pH: 5 - 7.5
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Cultivated above water and delivered with saw-toothed leaves, which after a transitional period in the aquarium
develop into long, finely denticulated, needle-like leaves. In good light conditions it turns a beautiful copper
colour and its characteristic appearance is a pleasing contrast to the other plants. Proserpinaca palustris varies
in form according to its origin. The Tropica cultivar is found on the Isla de la Juventud off Cuba. In the USA the
plant is commonly known as “mermaid weed’’.
Riccia fluitans 001

FamilY: Ricciaceae
HEIGHT: 1 - 4+ cm
WIDTH: 5 - 10+ cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: K
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Japanese Takashi Amano has inspired many aquarium owners to keep Riccia fluitans submerged. It can be
kept down by tying it to a stone with a piece of fishing line, but new shoots always grow towards the surface,
so it may be necessary to prune it with scissors. Under water Riccia fluitans thrives best with added CO2 and
in good growing conditions small oxygen bubbles form on the leaf tips. As a traditional floating plant offers
good protection for young fish.
75
Rotala rotundifolia 033
PRICE GROUP: POT 5
FamilY: Lythraceae
HEIGHT: 15 - 30 cm
WIDTH: 10 - 20 cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
The Latin name means “the plant with the round leaves’’. But this only applies to the marsh variety, which has
circular leaves. In aquariums Rotala rotundifolia has long, thin leaves. Unlike other Rotala species it is relatively
undemanding, although it needs good light to produce red leaves. It forms side shoots willingly, becoming
compact and bushy. This also means that it is hard for light to reach the lower leaves, so the plant should be
pruned frequently. Also known as Rotala indica.
Rotala sp. ''green'' 033A

PRICE GROUP: POT 5
FamilY: Lythraceae
ORIGIN: Asia
HEIGHT: 40 - 50 cm
WIDTH: 5 - 10+ cm
GH: 1 - 20 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Rotala sp. “green” is very similar to Rotala rotundifolia, but its leaves remain fresh and bright green, even with
intensive light. The plant forms many side shoots willingly and obtains a beautiful, bushy and “hanging” growth.
It should be pruned frequently to maintain healthy growth. An ideal starter plant that looks best when planted
in large groups.
76
Rotala wallichii 032A
PRICE GROUP: POT 7
FamilY: Lythraceae
HEIGHT: 10 - 30 cm
WIDTH: 5 - 10+ cm
GH: 1 - 13 dH
pH: 5-7
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Rotala wallichii is a demanding plant that develops red shoot tips in good light conditions. The most decorative
effect can be achieved by planting a large number of stems in a group. Rotala wallichii is a good foreground
plant, and suitable for small aquariums because it is easy to prune if it grows too large. CO2 addition boosts
growth considerably. It also prefers soft, slightly acidic water.
Sagittaria platyphylla 081

PRICE GROUP: POT 7
HEIGHT: 15 - 40 cm
WIDTH: 10 - 25 cm
GH: 1 - 13 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: E
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Sagittaria platyphylla is an ideal foreground plant for large aquariums or in the middle of smaller aquariums. It
forms a slightly dispersed group with its runners. A nutritious bottom promotes growth. If there is a shortage
of micro-nutrients the plant turns pale, indicating that the aquarium may need fertiliser. This is a robust starter
plant which is also suitable for the hard water that is found in many European aquariums.
77
Sagittaria subulata 079
PRICE GROUP: POT 7
HEIGHT: 5 - 30+ cm
WIDTH: 10 - 15 cm
GH: 4 - 30 dH
pH: 6-8
CODE: E
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Sagittaria subulata is an ideal, undemanding foreground plant whose short runners form a compact group.
Place individual plants 2-4 cm apart. This plant may cause problems because in certain conditions it suddenly
grows to a height of 50 cm when it grows older. But if it is then moved into the background it may become low
again. In the aquarium it sometimes sends a long flower stem to the surface, and small white flowers unfold
just above the water surface.
Salvinia natans 011

PRICE GROUP: POR 6
FamilY: Salviniaceae
HEIGHT: 1 - 3 cm
WIDTH: 5 - 10+ cm
GH: 4 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: J
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Salvinia natans is a floating fern that grows quickly if there is sufficient nutrition and light. Light leaves are a
sign of a shortage of micro-nutrients. It tends to take light from the plants at the bottom. Salvinia varieties have
small hairs on their leaves, making them water resistant. Helps prevent algae by shading parts of the aquarium
and using nutrients in the water. Grows very big in the wild and in optimum conditions. A decorative plant for
open aquariums.
78
Samolus valerandi 026
PRICE GROUP: POT 4
FamilY: Primulaceae
ORIGIN: America
HEIGHT: 6 - 12 cm
WIDTH: 6 - 12 cm
GH: 4 - 30 dH
pH: 6-8
CODE: F
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
In favourable light and nutrition conditions Samolus valerandi is a very beautiful foreground plant in the aqua-
rium. It normally grows in marshes, and often takes time to adapt to life under water and start growing. If light
conditions are good and the bottom is nutritious, the plant will do well. Samolus valerandi is also suitable as a
pond or terrarium plant, as well as an indoor plant if placed in a north-facing window.
Shinnersia rivularis 'Weiss-Grün' 053E

PRICE GROUP: POT 7
FamilY: Asteraceae
ORIGIN: Cultivar
HEIGHT: 10 - 50 cm
WIDTH: 10 - 20 cm
GH: 1 - 30 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Variety of Shinnersia rivularis, distinguished by the white veins on the leaves. This colour mutation was disco-
vered at the Dennerle aquarium plant nursery. The plant grows rapidly and soon reaches the water surface, but
shoots can simply be pinched off and planted back on the bottom.
79
Staurogyne repens 049G
PRICE GROUP: POT 8
FamilY: Acanthaceae
ORIGIN: Brazil
HEIGHT: 3 - 10+ cm
WIDTH: 5 - 10+ cm
GH: 4 - 30 dH
pH: 6-8
CODE: A
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Staurogyne repens is a freshly green, compact and hardy plant for the foreground of the aquarium and it was
found in River Rio Cristalino in the southern Amazonas. Its nearest relative in the aquaristic is Hygrophila but
Staurogyne is different with its marked compact, low and bushy stature and small green leaves. During planting
in the aquarium, the longest upright shoots should be cut off and new horizontally creeping shoots will soon
form from the plant basis and gradually colonize the gravel.
Taxiphyllum barbieri (Vesicularia) 003

FamilY: Hypnaceae
HEIGHT: 3 - 10+ cm
WIDTH: 5 - 10+ cm
GH: 1 - 30 dH
pH: 5-8
CODE: K
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Taxiphyllum barbieri is a hardy plant which makes few demands on the water or light. The moss grows willingly
on any surface, so it is ideal for decorating stones and tree roots or concealing installations in the aquarium.
Attach the plant with a piece of fishing line until it has gained a hold on the bottom. If its growth becomes
too luxuriant, it can be pruned with scissors. In breeding aquariums Taxiphyllum barbieri is a wonderful hiding
place for the young fish.
80
!
Did you know…
For the past 40 years Tropica has travelled around the world searching countless rivers and tropical
wetlands for new plants. The list of plants that have been found and brought to the hobby is long and
come from many different places such as; Cuba, Thailand, Brazil, Sri Lanka, Bolivia and Mauritius.
More than 100 varieties of potential aquarium plants are constantly being tested and evaluated in the
research and development department at Tropica. This is the way we have been able to contribute
new and exciting plants to the hobby and enrich the possibility of recreating a slice of nature into the
aquarium.
Holger Windeløv keeping Cryptocoryne crispus var. balansae in a Thai river Habitat for Staurogyne repens
Ole Pedersen at the habitat of Pogostemon helferi in Thailand 81

Utricularia graminifolia 049B
PRICE GROUP: POT 8
FamilY: Lentibulariaceae
ORIGIN: Asia
HEIGHT: 2 - 8 cm
WIDTH: 5 - 10+ cm
GH: 4 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 7
CODE: G
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Utricularia graminifolia belongs to the bladderwort family. All the plants in this family are insect eating, perennial
water and marsh plants. Bladder traps are a unique feature of this family, which Utricularia graminifolia forms
after a short period of time in the aquarium. The species name means ‘with grass like leaves’ and the fresh
green leaves after a short period of time form a pretty mat which looks like a lawn. Utricularia graminifolia is
therefore an ideal foreground plant.
Vallisneria americana var. asiatica 056A

PRICE GROUP: BDT 3
HEIGHT: 20 - 50+ cm
WIDTH: 5 - 10+ cm
GH: 1 - 30 dH
pH: 6 - 8.5
CODE: I
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Vallisneria americana var. asiatica has twisted, green leaves that make a beautiful contrast when planted in
groups. Its shorter leaves differ from most other Vallisneria-species and do not overshadow other plants in the Utricularia graminifolia
aquarium. An easy plant that readily propagates via runners. 049B
82
Vallisneria americana (gigantea) 054
PRICE GROUP: POT 8, PL 5
ORIGIN: Asia
HEIGHT: 50 - 100+ cm
WIDTH: 10 - 20+ cm
GH: 4 - 30 dH
pH: 6-8
CODE: I
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Vallisneria americana (gigantea) is an easy plant that grows fast, suitable for large aquariums. In most aqua-
riums the leaves grow so long that they float on the surface. So the plant needs pruning to stop it taking too
much light from plants growing beneath. The leaves are tough and strong, so they are not normally eaten by
herbivorous fish. Vallisneria americana is easy to propagate using runners, which are prolific if the bottom is
nutritious.
Vallisneria americana ''mini twister'' 056B

PRICE GROUP: POT 7
HEIGHT: 10 - 15+ cm
WIDTH: 5 - 15 cm
GH: 4 - 20 dH
pH: 6 - 8.5
CODE: I
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Vallisneria americana “mini twister’’ is yet another graceful variety of Vallisneria americana. “mini twister’’ de-
velops short, attractively twisted leaves, and can thus be placed between foreground and background plants.
“mini twister’’ is easy to grow and thrives even in less intensive light and without addition of CO2 to the water.
83
Vallisneria americana (natans) 055
PRICE GROUP: BDT 3
HEIGHT: 50 - 100 cm
WIDTH: 5 - 10+ cm
GH: 4 - 30 dH
pH: 6-8
CODE: I
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Vallisneria americana (natans) is a hardy plant for beginners. It has fine, narrow leaves so it does not oversha-
dow other plants much. Easy to propagate using its many runners.
Vallisneria nana 056C

PRICE GROUP: POT 7
ORIGIN: Australia
HEIGHT: 30 - 80 cm
WIDTH: 2 - 10 cm
GH: 4 - 20 dH
pH: 6-8
CODE: I
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Vallisneria nana is a solitary contrast plant with dark green, rosulate, narrow leaves. It is extremely suitable as a
mid-ground plant, but can also be used as a background plant in small aquariums. The leaves are much nar-
rower than with other species of Vallisneria, nor are they quite as long. In its natural habitat in northern Australia
Vallisneria nana reaches a height of only 15 cm, but in aquariums it typically grows to 30-50 cm, which no
doubt reflects the different light and nutrient conditions. Vallisneria nana produces offshoots very readily, so Vallisneria americana (na-
compact vegetation will soon develop in good conditions. tans) 055
84
Vallisneria spiralis 'Tiger' 055A
PRICE GROUP: POT 7
ORIGIN: Asia
HEIGHT: 30 - 55+ cm
WIDTH: 5 - 10+ cm
GH: 4 - 30 dH
pH: 6-8
CODE: I
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Vallisneria spiralis ‘Tiger’ is an excellent plant for beginners, growing in virtually all light and water conditions.
The name ‘Tiger’ is due to its striped leaves. The relatively short leaves make it suitable for small aquariums,
and the leaves are also narrow so they do not overshadow smaller plants. Forms runners easily, and is thus
easy to propagate.
Vesicularia dubyana 'Christmas' 003A

FamilY: Hypnaceae
ORIGIN: Brazil
HEIGHT: 1 - 3+ cm
WIDTH: 3 - 5+ cm
GH: 1 - 30 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: K
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
A special moss originally seen in Japanese aquariums and known as “Amazonia Willow Moss’’. Also called
“Christmas tree moss’’, because of its side branch structure which distinguishes it from ordinary Vesicularia
dubyana and looks like fir tree branches. It is more demanding than ordinary Java moss and grows more
slowly. It attaches readily to roots and stones, and as it spreads in the water it needs pruning to keep its shape
attractive. See also Taxiphyllum barbieri.
85
Vesicularia ferriei 'Weeping' 003B
PRICE GROUP: POR 8
FamilY: Hypnaceae
ORIGIN: Asia
HEIGHT: 1 - 3+ cm
WIDTH: 3 - 5+ cm
GH: 4 - 20 dH
pH: 5.5 - 8
CODE: K
LIGHT: LOW HIGH
Vesicularia ferriei ‘Weeping’, commonly known as Weeping Moss, is believed to originate from China and has
been distributed by Oriental Aquarium Plants. ‘Weeping’ is a fleshy, hanging moss with teardrop-like bright
green shoots. It is best attached to driftwood or roots, as its drooping growth pattern helps to create depth
and contrast in the aquarium. ‘Weeping’ has low demands, is fast growing and should be pruned frequently
with scissors to maintain an attractive shape.
86 Vesicularia ferriei ’Weeping’

Tropica’s ABC… It’s time to get started!
Our goal with the “Tropica’s ABC” is to give you a simple guide to the most important topics that you need to understand to ensure a
successful and trouble-free start. What should be considered before the start up? How do I set up the aquarium? And what is required
afterwards?
You are about to embark on a wonderful hobby, but you must be aware that a bad start can cause you worries. If you follow the basic
instructions on the following pages you will be well-prepared for this amazing underwater world.
We also recommend that you visit our website www.tropica.com where you can gain further information, get detailed advice and guidance
through an extensive number of plant articles and plant news.
The decoration of the aquarium before planting
Result 6 weeks after set-up
87
Location
Before you start… Do not place the aquarium in direct sun light as
it will certainly provoke algae problems. Place it
To help you with the start up of your aquarium we have
in a dark corner with minimal ambient light. The
listed some fundamental issues that are important and can
aquarium itself will bring light and atmosphere to the
influence the results you experience.
room. Place on a stable surface in level.
Aquarium
The aquarium is the housing of your water environment and
should look subtle without distracting from the content. The size
of the aquarium is your choice but smaller aquariums (less than
50 L) can be more difficult to maintain than larger tanks, as en-
vironmental stability is reduced in smaller volumes of water.
Decoration
Materials for decoration are for example wood, roots and stones.
By using decorative materials you will be able to create depth,
nature-like landscapes, and options for attaching plants. To avoid
damage to the bottom of the aquarium you can place a piece of
Styrofoam underneath larger rocks.
Light
Light is the energy source for all plants. Plants need light to grow and thrive but their need for light varies.
A good rule of thumb would be 0.5 Watt per Litre of water. Read carefully the instructions of the lamp’s
power (in Watts) and select a lamp with enough Wattage compared to the aquarium volume.
The composition of the light colours can vary from warm to cold shades. Plants adapts best to light as
close to daylight as possible. Colours appears also best in daylight. Light should only be switched on for
8-10 hours a day – more hours will only benefit algae! For the start up (about 2 weeks) 6 hours light a
day will be sufficient.
88
Heating FertiliZer
Heating your aquarium is necessary when plants and fish require Fertilizers are a must in order to achieve good plant health and
a higher temperature than the ambient temperature. Suitable growth. The addition of liquid fertilizer can be recommended for all
temperatures are common for most plants. To achieve good plant types of plants, and a good substrate for plants with thriving roots.
growth we recommend a temperature of 22-25 degrees Celsius. See page 96-97 for further information of Tropica’s fertilizer series.
Note that some pump types have and internal heat source.
Pump/filter
The function for the pump and/or filter is to create water circulation.
It helps bring the biological balance into the aquarium and to avoid
stagnant water in some parts of the aquarium which can cause
problems. A filter system will clean the water mechanically and
biologically to prevent the water from becoming dirty and polluted.
But it’s important to remember that a filter system does not replace
the need to change water.
Carbon dioxide Substrate

CO2, carbon dioxide, is very important for all plants. Only The bottom layer is fundamental for the development of the plant
very few plants thrives with the limited amount of CO2 in roots. The gravel grain size varies, but it’s important that both
an aquarium that does not have any CO2 equipment con- water and nutrition can circulate. Gravel with a grain size of
nected. The supply of CO2 will increase growth, colours, 2-4 mm is ideal for aquarium plants. The bottom layer can be
and lushness of the plants significantly. It’s easy to test the supplemented with a nutrient-rich substrate if it has not already
effect of CO2 in your aquarium by adding a cup of mineral been added to the product.
water per 100 L every day. Plants do only take up CO2
when the lights are on. Your dealer carries a large selection
of CO2 equipment for your aquarium, from simple, manual
methods to fully automated systems. On www.tropica.com
you can see the diagram for recommended CO2 concen-
trations depending on water hardness.
89
Tips and tricks for planting and care
Code Type Examples Planting and care
Hygrophila, Remove the pot and the mineral wool carefully from the roots. Plant the stems at intervals
a Stem plants Alternanthera, and spread the loose roots into the bottom layer. Pinch off the slips when trimming and they
Nesaea can be planted in the bottom layer.
Bunches. Remove the lowest leaves and cover the remaining lowest leaves with the bottom
Cabomba,
B Stem plants layer – plant the stems at intervals. Pinch off the top shoots and plant them in the bottom
Egeria
layer.
Remove any pots and mineral wool and cover the bulb with the bottom layer. The shoot should be
Aponogeton,
C Bulbs above the bottom layer. Remove any sick leaves before planting. Remove whole leaves when trim-
Nymphaea
ming. Bulbs can be kept from two to four months (store in damp, cool conditions).
Remove the pot and the mineral wool carefully from the roots. The root stem (rhizome)
Anubias,
D Rhizomatous should not be covered fully by the bottom layer or it will rot. Plants can also be fastened to a
Microsorum
stone or roots. Trim by cutting pieces from the root stem.
Remove the pot and the mineral wool carefully from the roots. Remove the outermost lea-
ves as they will die under water under any circumstances and the plant will rapidly develop
E Rosulate Echinodorus new leaves adapted to conditions under water. Shorten the roots and spread them when
planting. Remove whole leaves when trimming, pinch off offshoots and plant them in the
bottom layer.
Remove the pot and the mineral wool carefully from the roots. Remove any sick leaves.
F Rosulate Cryptocoryne Plant the individual plants in the pot at intervals. Remove whole leaves or whole plants when
trimming.
Remove the pot and cut the mineral wool block so that about 1 cm is left together with the
Glossostigma, plants. Use this mineral wool as an anchor to hold the plant in the bottom layer. The pot con-
G Stolon
Hemianthus tains many plants that can be divided into several groups (typically four to eight) and planted
at intervals. Trim with scissors like a lawn.
Remove the pot and cut the mineral wool block so that about 1 cm is left together with the
plants. Use this mineral wool as an anchor to hold the plants in the bottom layer. Then cut down
Marsilea,
H Stolon the plants until they are about 1 cm above the mineral wool. They will rapidly develop new leaves
Eleocharis
adapted to conditions under water. The pot contains many plants that can be divided into several
groups (typically four to eight) and planted at intervals. Trim or thin with scissors.
Remove the pot and the mineral wool carefully from the roots. Remove any sick leaves.
Vallisneria,
I Stolon Plant the individual plants in the pot at intervals. Remove whole leaves whole plants when
Lilaeopsis
trimming.
Floating Salvinia, Portions. Place them on the surface (Ceratophyllum can also be planted in the bottom layer).
J
plants Ceratophyllum Trim by removing material from the surface.
Riccia, Portions. Can be used as floating plants or fastened to a stone or root where they will form
K Mosses
Monosolenium cushions or carpets. Trim by removing material or with scissors.
Separate the bulb carefully from the mineral wool. Remove any sick leaves before planting
L Bulb Crinum the bulb in the bottom layer. Parts of the bulb must be above the bottom layer. Trim by
removing whole leaves.
Cladophora, Examples of plants that can be used in different ways – search for information on these and
M Various
Ceratopteris other plants on our web site.
90
From planting to end result
We will here show you three plant types at three stages – from sales pot to planted inside the aquarium. Most plants can be divided into
smaller portions when planting. To avoid the plant creating excess shade for other plants or to prevent it from growing inappropriately, it is
important to prune it in time. For more specific plant advice see page 90.
Polygonum sp. A: Stem plant
1) Sales pot 2) Divide in 3-4 portions 3) Result 4-5 weeks after planting
Echinodorus bleheri (bleherae) E: Rosette
1) Sales pot 2) Keep only new leaves 3) Result 4 weeks after planting
(remove the older ones)
Eleocharis parvula H: Stolon
1) Sales pot 2) Divide in 8-16 portions 3) Result 6-8 weeks after planting
91
The best way of caring for your plants in the
aquarium!
Your aquarium plants require water, heat, light and fertilizer, but in moderation. Too little or too much may cause impaired growth and if
missing only one of these things the plants will not be able to survive.
Water change Algae check

When starting up the aquarium, water needs to be changed Check regularly for algae. The first signs for algae can be unclear
twice a week for 2-3 weeks. Subsequently once a week to water, coatings on the glass, the leaves or decorations, or perhaps
prevent algae growth. Change approx. 25% every time. as fine threads. Initial signs can be hard to spot so look carefully!
Read more about algae on page 94.
Add fertilizer Pruning

Fertilizer must be added with caution. Start out Pruning of the plants should be done frequently
with only half of the recommended dose and check (each or every other week). At longer intervals the
on the development of the plants. If leaves or the cuttings will be more difficult and it may disturb
entire plant turns pale or transparent then they need the balance of the aquarium. Also the risk of algae
fertilizer. Begin by using the fertilizer without nitrogen increases. See examples on cuttings on page 93.
(N) or phosphorous (P). Once the plants are in good
growth a fertilizer containing N and P can be added
as a supplement (see page 97 about Tropica’s
fertilizer products “AquaCare”).
Inspection of the Remove dead material

technique Removal of dead material must be done frequently.
Technical equipment must be checked frequently. Dead material can be plant residues, dead fish
Are the fluorescent tubes functioning, does the or shrimp, algae residues, etc. Dead material will
plug-in-timer work, is the temperature appropriate, release nutrients and consume oxygen which will
is there any CO2 left in the bottle…? create an imbalance in the aquarium.
92
Pruning the plants
We know that many aquarists have trouble pruning their plants in time! Avoid harsh pruning that brings imbalance in the aquarium.
Prune regularly by removing the oldest leaves on rosette plants, the longest stems, superfluous runners and trim mosses and ground
carpets. That will keep the plants in good growth and keep them from providing shade for each other and maintain their vigour.
Polygonum sp. A: Stem plant
1) Stems approaching the surface 2) Cut just above where leaves set 3) Create side shoots willingly
Echinodorus bleheri (bleherae) E: Rosette
1) The plant is too large 2) Remove elderly leaves at the base 3) Make room for new growth
Eleocharis parvula H: Stolon
1) The “lawn” is long and bushy 2) Cut down hard with scissors (2 cm height) 3) Will create new leaves in a few days
93
Algae growth can be limited by simple methods
Algae growth is usually the main reason for giving up this hobby. But algae will always appear in an aquarium. Algae are basic plants that
require very similar conditions to regular aquarium plants i.e. light and nutrients. Too many fish in relation to plants will create an imbalance
in the aquarium and is the most common reason of algae problems. The main reason to these problems is the remains of excess food and
excrements which gives an excess of nutrients to the water. It promotes algae growth as well as direct sun light. Read more about algae on
www.tropica.com.
Algae can be prevented by:

• Frequent water change
• Good plant growth, use of fast growing or floating plants
• Put a selection of algae eating fish, shrimps and snails into the aquarium as soon a possible
Most common algae types
Green Water algae Thread algae Benthic algae

Green Water algae are microscopic Thread algae are typically green, thread- Benthic algae can be green, brown and
single-celled algae which make the water forming algae which are growing on the black it their form and appear on leaves,
unclear and totally green. Try with frequent plant leaves and on decorations. Try first gravel, glass surfaces, stones and roots,
and larger water change, turn off the light to remove them mechanically with a rough etc. Try first to remove mechanically (with a
(2-3 days) and plant in more fast growing surfaced stick and then add algae-eating soft sponge), turn off the light for a couple of
plants. Do not add any fertiliser and mini- shrimps and fish. days and plant in fast growing plants. Then
mise fish feeding. add appropriate fish, shrimps and snails that
are effective algae eaters.
94 Cherry shrimps are effective algae eaters and they can breed readily in most aquariums!
10 good advices on how to get
a good result
Purpose
Make up your mind about what you want to achieve with your aquarium, how much money do you want to
spend, and how much time do you want to spend on maintaining it.
Layout and decorations

Make a design for your aquarium layout before you contact your local dealer. To help create depth and space for
both plants and animals it is recommended to use decoration materials such as wood, roots and stones. Plants
must be planted according to their size and to their need of light (the light in the corners of the aquarium are
much less than in the centre of the aquarium). See www.tropica.com for more layouts and inspiration.
Select your plants

Select your plants in relation to the choice of technical equipment and also by bearing in mind the time you are
prepared to spend on maintaining your aquarium. Difficult plants require good light and CO2 to achieve good
results.
Planting
Follow the instructions for planting to get the best possible results. Remember that most plants are fast growing
so make sure that the plants will get enough room from the start.
Fast growing plants

Fast growing plants take up a lot of nutrients and bring good balance to the aquarium. They do not necessarily
have to remain a part of the layout but they are important when starting up the aquarium.
Algae eaters
Fish, shrimp and snails are effective algae eaters and by combining them in the aquarium they can control dif-
ferent algae types. They should be put into the aquarium as soon as possible after the start. Contact your dealer
for more specific details.
Water change
You cannot change too much water! Change around 25% several times during the first couple of weeks and
subsequently once a week. 25% per week minimum is the recommendation and up to 50% if there are signs of
algae.
Fertilizer
A nutrient-rich substrate in the bottom layer is sufficient during the start-up of the aquarium. Wait for plant
growth before starting with liquid fertilizer. During the start-up add only 50% or less of the dose recommended
until new growth forms. Begin by using a fertilizer without nitrogen and phosphorous.
Pruning
Help your aquarium to maintain a good balance by pruning the plants frequently. You can prune them back
considerably! Re-planting of stems and runners is recommended to maintain good growth.
Prevent algae
Prevention is better than cure. By using fast growing plants, algae eating fish, frequent water change and by me-
chanical removal you can reduce algae problems. When necessary turn off lights or minimise photoperiods too.
Photo: Ole Pedersen 95

Tropica AquaCare
– when you want to treat your plants!
Tropica plants have from the very start everything they need to grow large, healthy and beautiful. But even more sturdy
plants make some demands on their surroundings if they are to grow optimally.
AquaCare is adjusted to the plants needs and is developed on the basis of 40 years of experience with producing
plants. The fertilizer is supplemented with nutrients that are not supplied by residues from fish feed and fish excrement.
But add fertilizer with caution! If only the new/young leaves are pale (transparent) they require a fertilizer without nitrogen
and phosphor. If the entire plant is pale it requires a fertilizer containing nitrogen and phosphorous.
96 Photo: Ole Pedersen

PLANT SUBSTRATE 2.5 / 5 L
PLANT SUBSTRATE acts as a long
term nutrition store for the plants
and ensures vigorous and healthy
growth.
PLANT SUBSTRATE is a natural
concentrate on clay and sphag-
num, laid at the bottom of the
gravel layer when you build your
aquarium.
PLANT NUTRITION liquid 100 / 250 / 500 ml

PLANT NUTRITION liquid contains
most of the nutrients for healthy
and sustained plant growth.
PLANT NUTRITION liquid does
not contain nitrogen (N) and
phosphorous (P). It supplies the
nutrients that plants easily use and
that the plants can ideally take-up
via the leaves.
PLANT NUTRITION+ liquid 100 / 250 / 500 ml

PLANT NUTRITION+ liquid
contains all essential nutrients
needed including nitrogen (N)
and phosphorous (P).
PLANT NUTRITION+ liquid is
suitable for aquariums with many
plants in relation to the number
of fish and where the plants can
lack nitrogen and phosphorous
that otherwise would be supplied
by fish feed and fish excrement.
97
Plant Index
Plant name Number Difficulty Page Heteranthera zosterifolia 096 54
Alternanthera reineckii ’Pink’ (roseafolia) 023 21 Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides (maritima) 039A 54
Alternanthera reineckii ’Purple’ (lilacina) 023B 21 Hydrocotyle verticillata 039 55
Anubias barteri var. angustifolia 101C 22 Hygrophila corymbosa 053 55
Anubias barteri var. barteri 101A 22 Hygrophila corymbosa ’Angustifolia’ 052A 56
Anubias barteri var. caladiifolia ’’1705’’ 101U 23 Hygrophila corymbosa ’’Compact’’ 052D 56
Anubias barteri ’’coffeefolia’’ 101G 23 Hygrophila corymbosa ’Siamensis’ 053A 58
Anubias barteri var. nana 101 24 Hygrophila corymbosa ’Siamensis 53B’ 053B 58
Aponogeton boivinianus 088 24 Hygrophila difformis 051 59
Aponogeton crispus 083 26 Hygrophila pinnatifida 051A 59
Aponogeton longiplumulosus 089D 26 Hygrophila polysperma 050 60
Aponogeton madagascariensis 089 27 Hygrophila polysperma ’Rosanervig’ 050B 60
Aponogeton ulvaceus 086 27 Juncus repens 133F 61
Azolla caroliniana 013 28 Lilaeopsis brasiliensis 040 61
Bacopa australis 043A 28 Lilaeopsis mauritiana 040B 62
Bacopa caroliniana 043 29 Limnobium laevigatum 063 62
Bacopa monnieri 044 29 Limnophila aquatica 046 63
Bolbitis heudelotii 006 30 Limnophila sessiliflora 047 63
Cabomba caroliniana 015 30 Lindernia rotundifolia 045 64
Cardamine lyrata 024 31 Lobelia cardinalis 053C 64
Ceratophyllum demersum ’Foxtail’ 021A 31 Ludwigia arcuata 035 65
Ceratopteris thalictroides 005A 32 Ludwigia glandulosa 035A 65
Cladophora aegagrophila 000C 32 Ludwigia repens ’Rubin’ 033D 66
Crinum calamistratum 094A 34 Marsilea hirsuta 010 66
Crinum natans 094 34 Micranthemum umbrosum 048 67
Crinum thaianum 093 35 Microsorum pteropus 008 67
Cryptocoryne beckettii ’’petchii’’ 108A 35 Microsorum pteropus ’Narrow’ 008A 68
Cryptocoryne crispatula var. balansae 125 36 Microsorum pteropus ’Windeløv’ 008B 68
Cryptocoryne parva 106 36 Monosolenium tenerum 002C 70
Cryptocoryne undulata ’’broad leaves’’ 110A 37 Myriophyllum mattogrossense 037 70
Cryptocoryne wendtii ’’brown’’ 109C 37 Myriophyllum mezianum 037B 71
Cryptocoryne wendtii ’’green’’ 109 38 Nesaea crassicaulis 033B 71
Cryptocoryne wendtii ’Mi Oya’ 109D 38 Nesaea pedicellata 033C 72
Cryptocoryne wendtii ’Tropica’ 109E 39 Nymphaea lotus (zenkeri) 019 72
Cryptocoryne x willisii 107 39 Pogostemon erectus 053F 73
Cyperus helferi 133A 40 Pogostemon helferi 053H 73
Didiplis diandra 031 40 Pogostemon stellata (Eusteralis) 053G 74
Echinodorus ’Aquartica’ 074F 41 Polygonum sp. 023F 74
Echinodorus x barthii 072A 41 Proserpinaca palustris ’’Cuba’’ 037C 75
Echinodorus bleheri (bleherae) 071 42 Riccia fluitans 001 75
Echinodorus cordifolius ssp. fluitans 073D 42 Rotala rotundifolia 033 76
Echinodorus macrophyllus 073 44 Rotala sp. ’’green’’ 033A 76
Echinodorus osiris 072 44 Rotala wallichii 032A 77
Echinodorus ’Ozelot’ 073F 45 Sagittaria platyphylla 081 77
Echinodorus ’Ozelot Green’ 073G 45 Sagittaria subulata 079 78
Echinodorus palaefolius var. latifolius 076 46 Salvinia natans 011 78
Echinodorus quadricostatus 068 46 Samolus valerandi 026 79
Echinodorus ’Red Diamond’ 074D 47 Shinnersia rivularis ’Weiss-Grün’ 053E 79
Echinodorus ’Red Special’ 073J 47 Staurogyne repens 049G 80
Echinodorus ’Rosé’ 072B 48 Taxiphyllum barbieri (Vesicularia) 003 80
Echinodorus ’Rubin’ 074B 48 Utricularia graminifolia 049B 82
Echinodorus tenellus 067 49 Vallisneria americana var. asiatica 056A 82
Echinodorus uruguayensis 070A 49 Vallisneria americana (gigantea) 054 83
Echinodorus ’Vesuvius’ 067C 50 Vallisneria americana ’’mini twister’’ 056B 83
Egeria densa 058 50 Vallisneria americana (natans) 055 84
Eleocharis parvula 132C 52 Vallisneria nana 056C 84
Glossostigma elatinoides 045A 52 Vallisneria spiralis ’Tiger’ 055A 85
Hemianthus callitrichoides ’’Cuba’’ 048B 53 Vesicularia dubyana ’Christmas’ 003A 85
Hemianthus micranthemoides 048A 53 Vesicularia ferriei ’Weeping moss’ 003B 86
98
Product range
XL-plants Number Difficulty Page Floating plants Number Difficulty Page
Alternanthera reineckii 023 21 Azolla caroliniana 013 28
Anubias barteri var. caladiifolia ”1705” 101U 23 Ceratophyllum demersum ’Foxtail’ 021A 31
Bacopa caroliniana 043 29 Limnobium laevigatum 063 62
Bolbitis heudelotii 006 30 Riccia fluitans 001 75
Crinum calamistratum 094A 34 Salvinia natans 011 78
Crinum natans 094 34
Crinum thaianum 093 35
Cryptocoryne wendtii ’Tropica’ 109E 39
Echinodorus x barthii 072A 41
Echinodorus bleheri (bleherae) 071 42
Echinodorus ’Ozelot’ 073F 45 Bunched plants Number Difficulty Page

Echinodorus ’Ozelot Green’ 073G 45 Alternanthera reineckii ’Pink’ (roseafolia) 023 21
Echinodorus palaefolius var. latifolius 076 46 Bacopa caroliniana 043 29
Echinodorus ’Red Special’ 073J 47 Cabomba caroliniana 015 30
Echinodorus ’Rosé’ 072B 48 Egeria densa 058 50
Echinodorus ’Rubin’ 074B 48 Hygrophila corymbosa 053 55
Hygrophila corymbosa ’Siamensis’ 053A 58 Hygrophila difformis 051 59
Microsorum pteropus 008 67 Vallisneria americana var. asiatica 056A 82
Microsorum pteropus ’Windeløv’ 008B 68 Vallisneria americana (natans) 055 84
AquaDecor Number Difficulty Page Bulbs Number Difficulty Page
Anubias barteri var. nana 101 24 Aponogeton boivinianus 088 24
Bolbitis heudelotii 006 30 Aponogeton longiplumulosus 089D 26
Cryptocoryne becketti ”petchii” 108A 35 Aponogeton madagascariensis 089 27
Hemianthus callitrichoides ”Cuba” 048B 53 Aponogeton ulvaceus 086 27
Microsorum pteropus 008 67 Nymphaea lotus (zenkeri) 019 72
Microsorum pteropus ’Narrow’ 008A 68
Microsorum pteropus ’Windeløv’ 008B 68
Monosolenium tenerum 002C 70
Pogostemon helferi 053H 73
Riccia fluitans 001 75
Taxiphyllum barbieri (Vesicularia) 003 80
Vesicularia dubyana ’Christmas’ 003A 85
Mosses Number Difficulty Page
Monosolenium tenerum 002C 70
Riccia fluitans 001 75
Taxiphyllum barbieri (Vesicularia) 003 80
Vesicularia dubyana ’Christmas’ 003A 85
Vesicularia ferriei ’Weeping moss’ 003B 86
= Easy
= Average
= Difficult
Illustration: Anubias barteri var. caladiifolia ”1705” 99

Tropica Aquarium Plants A/S
Mejlbyvej 200
DK-8250 Egaa
Denmark
Tlf. +45 86220566
Fax +45 86228466
E-mail: tropica@tropica.dk
www.tropica.com
English
ISBN 978-87-98685456
€3 | £3 | DKK 25

Catalogo de Trópica Armando

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Plant guide

2 Illustration: Staurogyne repens

Discovering new plants for the aquarium…

Let the dream become reality Page 6

Introduction to Tropica’s product range Page 12

Tropica’s ABC Page 87

Tropica AquaCare Page 96

Illustration: Azolla caroliniana 5

6 Photo: Oliver Knott

Difficulty Volume Dimensions Light co2 Time/Week

Some experience 128 L 80 x 40 x 40 cm 2 x 24 W (T5) 20 mg/L 1 Hour

B Hygrophila polysperma ’Rosanervig’ (x 1)

C Anubias barteri var. caladiifolia ”1705” (x 1)

E F Cryptocoryne becketti ”petchii” (x 1)

Result 55 days after set-up

Difficulty Volume Dimensions Light co2 Time/week

Easy 54 L 60 x 30 x 30 cm 15 W (T8) INGEN 0.5 hour

C Vallisneria americana (natans) (x 1)

D Cryptocoryne wendtii ’Tropica’ (x 1)

Result 48 days after set-up

Difficulty Volume Dimensions Light co2 Time/week

Easy 112 L 80 x 40 x 40 cm 2 x 18 W (T8) None 0.5 hour

D Microsorum pteropus ’Windeløv’ (x 1)

Result 48 days after set-up

Difficulty Volume Dimensions Light co2 Time/week

Experienced 12 L 30 x 20 x 20 cm 24 W (T5) 25 mg/L 1 Hour

C Hemianthus callitrichoides ’’Cuba’’ (x 4)

Result 42 days after set-up

Difficulty Volume Dimensions Light co2 Time/week

Experienced 297 L 132 x 50 x 45 cm 4 x 54 W (T5) 25 mg/L 1-2 Hours

H Eleocharis parvula (x 10)

I Vesicularia dubyana ’Christmas’ (x 1)

Result 55 days after set-up

XL – when it’s the size you require

AquaDecor for creating life-like landscapes:

AquaDecor with Anubias and Microsorum for Cichlids:

Microsorum pteropus ‘Windeløv’ – photo: Jan Ole Pedersen 15

Attaching mosses to driftwood with sewing thread:

16 Taxiphyllum barbieri (Vesicularia) – photo: George Farmer

Bulbs – the joy of expectations!

Nymphea lotus (zenkeri) – photo: Claus Christensen 19

Nesaea crassicaulis 1 033B 2

PRICE GROUP: POT 5 4

LIGHT: LOW HIGH 13

1 The plant’s latin name 6 Picture

5 Name of the plant family 10 GH (water hardness) – medium hardness is GH 5-10 dH

11 pH Tolerance – neutral pH is 6.5-7.5

crassicaulis 13 Light conditions – medium requirement referred to as 0.5 Watt/L

ORIGIN: South America

LIGHT: LOW HIGH

GROWTH RATE: SLOW FAST

DEMANDS: EASY DIFFICULT

plant more bushy, because more side shoots are formed.

Alternanthera reineckii 'Purple' (lilacina) 023B

ORIGIN: South America

LIGHT: LOW HIGH

GROWTH RATE: SLOW FAST

DEMANDS: EASY DIFFICULT

ORIGIN: West Africa

LIGHT: LOW HIGH

GROWTH RATE: SLOW FAST

DEMANDS: EASY DIFFICULT

ditions as Anubias barteri var. nana. It is not eaten by herbivorous fish.