6.

4 Boundary Conditions

6.4 Boundary Conditions

Module 6: Magnetostatic Force and boundary conditions
Course: ECE1003 Electromagnetic Field Theory

-Dr Richards Joe Stanislaus

Assistant Professor - SENSE
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

Overview
1) Boundary conditions as a result of Gauss’s law and Ampere’s law
2) Problems
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

1. Magnetic boundary conditions

𝐁𝟏
• Conditions that 𝐇 or 𝐁 field satisfy 1
at the boundary between two
different media
• Gauss’s law for magnetic fields
𝐁𝟐
𝐁 ∙ 𝑑𝐒 = 0 2
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

1. Magnetic boundary conditions

𝐁𝟏 𝝁𝟏
• Conditions that 𝐇 or 𝐁 field satisfy 1
at the boundary between two
different media
• Gauss’s law for magnetic fields
𝐁𝟐
𝐁 ∙ 𝑑𝐒 = 0 2 𝝁𝟐

• Consider the boundary between two

magnetic media 1, 2 with
permeability 𝜇1 and 𝜇2
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

1. Magnetic boundary conditions

𝐁𝟏𝐧 𝐁𝟏 𝝁𝟏
• Conditions that 𝐇 or 𝐁 field satisfy 1
𝜽𝟏 𝐁𝟏𝐭
at the boundary between two
different media
𝐁2𝑡
• Gauss’s law for magnetic fields 𝜽𝟐

𝐁𝟐 𝐁2𝑛
𝐁 ∙ 𝑑𝐒 = 0 2 𝝁𝟐

• Consider the boundary between two

magnetic media 1, 2 with
permeability 𝜇1 and 𝜇2
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

1. Magnetic boundary conditions

• Conditions that 𝐇 or 𝐁 field satisfy at 1
𝐁𝟏𝐧 𝐁𝟏 𝝁𝟏
the boundary between two different 𝜽𝟏 𝐁𝟏𝐭
media
• Gauss’s law for magnetic fields 𝐁2𝑡 𝜽𝟐
𝐁 ∙ 𝑑𝐒 = 0 𝐁𝟐 𝐁2𝑛
2 𝝁𝟐
• Consider the boundary between two
magnetic media 1, 2 with permeability
𝜇1 and 𝜇2
• With Δℎ → 0, the curved surface
vanishes, with only top and bottom
surface of the pillbox,
• 𝐵1𝑛 Δ𝑆 − 𝐵2𝑛 Δ𝑆 = 0
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

1. Magnetic boundary conditions

• Conditions that 𝐇 or 𝐁 field satisfy at 1
𝐁𝟏𝐧 𝐁𝟏 𝝁𝟏
the boundary between two different 𝜽𝟏 𝐁𝟏𝐭
media
• Gauss’s law for magnetic fields 𝐁2𝑡 𝜽𝟐
𝐁 ∙ 𝑑𝐒 = 0 𝐁𝟐 𝐁2𝑛
2 𝝁𝟐
• Consider the boundary between two
magnetic media 1, 2 with permeability • 𝐁1𝑛 = 𝐁2𝑛 or 𝜇1 𝐇1𝑛 = 𝜇2 𝐇2𝑛
𝜇1 and 𝜇2
• With Δℎ → 0, the curved surface
vanishes, with only top and bottom
surface of the pillbox,
• 𝐵1𝑛 Δ𝑆 − 𝐵2𝑛 Δ𝑆 = 0
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

1. Magnetic boundary conditions

• Conditions that 𝐇 or 𝐁 field satisfy at 1
𝐁𝟏𝐧 𝐁𝟏 𝝁𝟏
the boundary between two different 𝜽𝟏 𝐁𝟏𝐭
media
• Gauss’s law for magnetic fields 𝐁2𝑡 𝜽𝟐
𝐁 ∙ 𝑑𝐒 = 0 𝐁𝟐 𝐁2𝑛
2 𝝁𝟐
• Consider the boundary between two
magnetic media 1, 2 with permeability • 𝐁1𝑛 = 𝐁2𝑛 or 𝜇1 𝐇1𝑛 = 𝜇2 𝐇2𝑛
𝜇1 and 𝜇2 • Normal component of 𝐁 is
• With Δℎ → 0, the curved surface continuous, and
vanishes, with only top and bottom
surface of the pillbox,
• 𝐵1𝑛 Δ𝑆 − 𝐵2𝑛 Δ𝑆 = 0
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

1. Magnetic boundary conditions

• Conditions that 𝐇 or 𝐁 field satisfy at 1
𝐁𝟏𝐧 𝐁𝟏 𝝁𝟏
the boundary between two different 𝜽𝟏 𝐁𝟏𝐭
media
• Gauss’s law for magnetic fields 𝐁2𝑡 𝜽𝟐
𝐁 ∙ 𝑑𝐒 = 0 𝐁𝟐 𝐁2𝑛
2 𝝁𝟐
• Consider the boundary between two • 𝐁 = 𝐁 or 𝜇 𝐇 = 𝜇 𝐇
magnetic media 1, 2 with permeability 1𝑛 2𝑛 1 1𝑛 2 2𝑛
𝜇1 and 𝜇2 • Normal component of 𝐁 is
• With Δℎ → 0, the curved surface continuous, and
vanishes, with only top and bottom • Normal component of 𝐇 is
surface of the pillbox, discontinuous at boundary
• 𝐵1𝑛 Δ𝑆 − 𝐵2𝑛 Δ𝑆 = 0 (undergoes some change at
interface)
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

1. Magnetic boundary conditions

• Ampere’s circuit law
𝐇 ∙ 𝑑𝐥 = 𝐼

𝐇𝟏𝐧 𝐇𝟏 𝝁𝟏
1 𝐊
𝜽𝟏 𝐇𝟏𝐭 𝒂 𝒃
x x x x
𝐇2𝑡 𝜽𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝟏𝟐 𝒅 𝒄
𝐇𝟐 𝐇2𝑛
2 𝝁𝟐
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

1. Magnetic boundary conditions

• Ampere’s circuit law
𝐇 ∙ 𝑑𝐥 = 𝐼

• To the closed path 𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑑𝑎, surface

current 𝐾 on the boundary – Normal
to the path enclosed
𝐇𝟏𝐧 𝐇𝟏 𝝁𝟏
𝐊 ∙ Δ𝑤 = 1 𝐊 𝒂
𝜽𝟏 𝐇𝟏𝐭 𝒃
x x x x
𝐇2𝑡 𝜽𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝟏𝟐 𝒅 𝒄
𝐇𝟐 𝐇2𝑛
2 𝝁𝟐
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

1. Magnetic boundary conditions

• Ampere’s circuit law
𝐇 ∙ 𝑑𝐥 = 𝐼

• To the closed path 𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑑𝑎, surface

current 𝐾 on the boundary – Normal
to the path enclosed
𝐇𝟏𝐧 𝐇𝟏 𝝁𝟏
𝚫𝐡 𝚫𝐡 1
𝐊 ∙ Δ𝑤 = 𝐇𝟏𝐭 ∙ 𝚫𝐰 + 𝐇𝟏𝐧 ∙ + 𝐇𝟐𝐧 ∙ 𝜽𝟏 𝐇𝟏𝐭
𝐊 𝒂 𝒃
𝟐 𝟐
𝚫𝐡 𝚫𝐡 x x x
−𝐇𝟐𝐭 ∙ 𝚫𝐰 − 𝐇𝟐𝐧 ∙ − 𝐇𝟏𝐧 ∙ x
𝟐 𝟐 𝐇2𝑡 𝜽𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝟏𝟐 𝒅 𝒄
𝐇𝟐 𝐇2𝑛
2 𝝁𝟐
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

1. Magnetic boundary conditions

• Ampere’s circuit law
𝐇 ∙ 𝑑𝐥 = 𝐼

• To the closed path 𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑑𝑎, surface

current 𝐾 on the boundary – Normal
to the path enclosed
𝐇𝟏𝐧 𝐇𝟏 𝝁𝟏
𝚫𝐡 𝚫𝐡 1
𝐊 ∙ Δ𝑤 = 𝐇𝟏𝐭 ∙ 𝚫𝐰 + 𝐇𝟏𝐧 ∙ + 𝐇𝟐𝐧 ∙ 𝜽𝟏 𝐇𝟏𝐭
𝐊 𝒂 𝒃
𝟐 𝟐
𝚫𝐡 𝚫𝐡 x x x
−𝐇𝟐𝐭 ∙ 𝚫𝐰 − 𝐇𝟐𝐧 ∙ − 𝐇𝟏𝐧 ∙ x
𝟐 𝟐 𝐇2𝑡 𝜽𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝟏𝟐 𝒅 𝒄
• Δℎ → 0, 𝐻1𝑡 − 𝐻2𝑡 = 𝐾 𝐇𝟐 𝐇2𝑛
2 𝝁𝟐
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

1. Magnetic boundary conditions

• Ampere’s circuit law 𝐵1𝑡 𝐵2𝑡
− =𝐾
𝜇1 𝜇2
𝐇 ∙ 𝑑𝐥 = 𝐼

• To the closed path 𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑑𝑎, surface

current 𝐾 on the boundary – Normal
to the path enclosed
𝐇𝟏𝐧 𝐇𝟏 𝝁𝟏
𝚫𝐡 𝚫𝐡 1
𝐊 ∙ Δ𝑤 = 𝐇𝟏𝐭 ∙ 𝚫𝐰 + 𝐇𝟏𝐧 ∙ + 𝐇𝟐𝐧 ∙ 𝜽𝟏 𝐇𝟏𝐭
𝐊 𝒂 𝒃
𝟐 𝟐
𝚫𝐡 𝚫𝐡 x x x
−𝐇𝟐𝐭 ∙ 𝚫𝐰 − 𝐇𝟐𝐧 ∙ − 𝐇𝟏𝐧 ∙ x
𝟐 𝟐 𝐇2𝑡 𝜽𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝟏𝟐 𝒅 𝒄
• Δℎ → 0, 𝐻1𝑡 − 𝐻2𝑡 = 𝐾 𝐇𝟐 𝐇2𝑛
2 𝝁𝟐
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

1. Magnetic boundary conditions

• Ampere’s circuit law 𝐵1𝑡 𝐵2𝑡
− =𝐾
𝜇1 𝜇2
𝐇 ∙ 𝑑𝐥 = 𝐼
𝐚𝑛12 being unit normal vector to
interface from medium 1 to medium 2
• To the closed path 𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑑𝑎, surface 𝐇1 − 𝐇2 × 𝐚𝑛12 = 𝐊
current 𝐾 on the boundary – Normal
to the path enclosed
𝐇𝟏𝐧 𝐇𝟏 𝝁𝟏
𝚫𝐡 𝚫𝐡 1
𝐊 ∙ Δ𝑤 = 𝐇𝟏𝐭 ∙ 𝚫𝐰 + 𝐇𝟏𝐧 ∙ + 𝐇𝟐𝐧 ∙ 𝜽𝟏 𝐇𝟏𝐭
𝐊 𝒂 𝒃
𝟐 𝟐
𝚫𝐡 𝚫𝐡 x x x
−𝐇𝟐𝐭 ∙ 𝚫𝐰 − 𝐇𝟐𝐧 ∙ − 𝐇𝟏𝐧 ∙ x
𝟐 𝟐 𝐇2𝑡 𝜽𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝟏𝟐 𝒅 𝒄
• Δℎ → 0, 𝐻1𝑡 − 𝐻2𝑡 = 𝐾 𝐇𝟐 𝐇2𝑛
2 𝝁𝟐
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

1. Magnetic boundary conditions

• 𝐇1 − 𝐇2 × 𝐚𝑛12 = 𝐊
• If boundary is free of current
(non-conductor - 𝐾 is free current
density), 𝐾 = 0
𝐁1𝑡 𝐁1𝑡
𝐇1𝑡 = 𝐇2𝑡 or =
𝜇1 𝜇2
𝐇𝟏𝐧 𝐇𝟏 𝝁𝟏
1 𝐊
𝜽𝟏 𝐇𝟏𝐭 𝒂 𝒃
x x x x
𝐇2𝑡 𝜽𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝟏𝟐 𝒅 𝒄
𝐇𝟐 𝐇2𝑛
2 𝝁𝟐
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

1. Magnetic boundary conditions

• 𝐇1 − 𝐇2 × 𝐚𝑛12 = 𝐊
• If boundary is free of current
(non-conductor - 𝐾 is free current
density), 𝐾 = 0
𝐁1𝑡 𝐁1𝑡
𝐇1𝑡 = 𝐇2𝑡 or =
𝜇1 𝜇2
• In current free boundary, 1
𝐇𝟏𝐧 𝐇𝟏 𝝁𝟏
𝐊 𝒂
𝜽𝟏 𝐇𝟏𝐭 𝒃
- Tangential component of 𝐇 is
x x x
continuous while x
𝐇2𝑡
- Tangential component of 𝐁 is 𝜽𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝟏𝟐 𝒅 𝒄
discontinuous at boundary 𝐇𝟐 𝐇2𝑛
2 𝝁𝟐
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

1. Magnetic boundary conditions

• 𝐁1𝑛 = 𝐁2𝑛 ; 𝐇1𝑡 = 𝐇2𝑡 (with no surface current)
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

1. Magnetic boundary conditions

• 𝐁1𝑛 = 𝐁2𝑛 ; 𝐇1𝑡 = 𝐇2𝑡 (with no surface current)
• Angles 𝜃1 and 𝜃2 with the normal to interface
𝐵1 cos 𝜃1 = 𝐵1𝑛 = 𝐵2𝑛 = 𝐵2 cos 𝜃2
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

1. Magnetic boundary conditions

• 𝐁1𝑛 = 𝐁2𝑛 ; 𝐇1𝑡 = 𝐇2𝑡 (with no surface current)
• Angles 𝜃1 and 𝜃2 with the normal to interface
𝐵1 cos 𝜃1 = 𝐵1𝑛 = 𝐵2𝑛 = 𝐵2 cos 𝜃2
𝐵1 𝐵2
sin 𝜃1 = 𝐇1𝑡 = 𝐇2𝑡 = sin 𝜃2
𝜇1 𝜇2
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

1. Magnetic boundary conditions

• 𝐁1𝑛 = 𝐁2𝑛 ; 𝐇1𝑡 = 𝐇2𝑡 (with no surface current)
• Angles 𝜃1 and 𝜃2 with the normal to interface
𝐵1 cos 𝜃1 = 𝐵1𝑛 = 𝐵2𝑛 = 𝐵2 cos 𝜃2
𝐵1 𝐵2
sin 𝜃1 = 𝐇1𝑡 = 𝐇2𝑡 = sin 𝜃2
𝜇1 𝜇2
• Dividing second eq by first eq,
tan 𝜃1 𝜇1
=
tan 𝜃2 𝜇2
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

1. Magnetic boundary conditions

• 𝐁1𝑛 = 𝐁2𝑛 ; 𝐇1𝑡 = 𝐇2𝑡 (with no surface current)
• Angles 𝜃1 and 𝜃2 with the normal to interface
𝐵1 cos 𝜃1 = 𝐵1𝑛 = 𝐵2𝑛 = 𝐵2 cos 𝜃2
𝐵1 𝐵2
sin 𝜃1 = 𝐇1𝑡 = 𝐇2𝑡 = sin 𝜃2
𝜇1 𝜇2
• Dividing second eq by first eq,
tan 𝜃1 𝜇1
=
tan 𝜃2 𝜇2
Law of refraction of magnetic flux lines at
boundary with no surface current
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

Problems on magnetic boundary conditions

1. For a given field 𝐇1 = −2𝐚𝑥 + 6𝐚𝑦 + 4𝐚𝑧 A/m in region 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2 ≤ 0 where
𝜇1 = 5𝜇0 , calculate
a) 𝐌1 and 𝐁1
y
b) 𝐇2 and 𝐁2 in region 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2 ≥ 0 where 𝜇2 = 2𝜇0 𝜇2 = 2𝜇0
Solution:
2

2
1

-2 0 x

𝜇1 = 5𝜇0
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

Problems on magnetic boundary conditions

1. For a given field 𝐇1 = −2𝐚𝑥 + 6𝐚𝑦 + 4𝐚𝑧 A/m in region 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2 ≤ 0 where
𝜇1 = 5𝜇0 , calculate
a) 𝐌1 and 𝐁1
y
b) 𝐇2 and 𝐁2 in region 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2 ≥ 0 where 𝜇2 = 2𝜇0 𝜇2 = 2𝜇0
Solution:
2
Let surface of the plane be described as
𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2, and a unit vector 2
1
normal to the plane is given by
𝛻𝑓 𝐚𝑦 − 𝐚𝑥
𝐚𝑛 = =
𝛻𝑓 2 -2 0 x

𝜇1 = 5𝜇0
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

Problems on magnetic boundary conditions

1. For a given field 𝐇1 = −2𝐚𝑥 + 6𝐚𝑦 + 4𝐚𝑧 A/m in region 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2 ≤ 0 where
𝜇1 = 5𝜇0 , calculate
a) 𝐌1 and 𝐁1
y
b) 𝐇2 and 𝐁2 in region 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2 ≥ 0 where 𝜇2 = 2𝜇0 𝜇2 = 2𝜇0
Solution:
2
Let surface of the plane be described as
𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2, and a unit vector 2
1
normal to the plane is given by
𝛻𝑓 𝐚𝑦 − 𝐚𝑥
𝐚𝑛 = =
𝛻𝑓 2 -2 0 x

a) 𝐌1 = 𝜒𝑚1 𝐇1 = 𝜇𝑟1 − 1 𝐇1 = 𝜇1 = 5𝜇0

 6.4 Boundary Conditions

Problems on magnetic boundary conditions

1. For a given field 𝐇1 = −2𝐚𝑥 + 6𝐚𝑦 + 4𝐚𝑧 A/m in region 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2 ≤ 0 where
𝜇1 = 5𝜇0 , calculate
a) 𝐌1 and 𝐁1
b) 𝐇2 and 𝐁2 in region 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2 ≥ 0 where 𝜇2 = 2𝜇0 y
𝜇2 = 2𝜇0
Solution:
Let surface of the plane be described as 2
𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2, and a unit vector
2
normal to the plane is given by
𝛻𝑓 𝐚𝑦 − 𝐚𝑥 1
𝐚𝑛 = =
𝛻𝑓 2
a) 𝐌1 = 𝜒𝑚1 𝐇1 = 𝜇𝑟1 − 1 𝐇1 = 5 − 1 𝐇1 -2 0 x
= −8𝐚𝑥 + 24𝐚𝑦 + 16𝐚𝑧 A/m 𝜇1 = 5𝜇0
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

Problems on magnetic boundary conditions

1. For a given field 𝐇1 = −2𝐚𝑥 + 6𝐚𝑦 + 4𝐚𝑧 A/m in region 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2 ≤ 0 where
𝜇1 = 5𝜇0 , calculate
a) 𝐌1 and 𝐁1
b) 𝐇2 and 𝐁2 in region 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2 ≥ 0 where 𝜇2 = 2𝜇0 y
𝜇2 = 2𝜇0
Solution:
Let surface of the plane be described as 2
𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2, and a unit vector
2
normal to the plane is given by
𝛻𝑓 𝐚𝑦 − 𝐚𝑥 1
𝐚𝑛 = =
𝛻𝑓 2
a) 𝐌1 = 𝜒𝑚1 𝐇1 = 𝜇𝑟1 − 1 𝐇1 = 5 − 1 𝐇1 -2 0 x
= −8𝐚𝑥 + 24𝐚𝑦 + 16𝐚𝑧 A/m 𝜇1 = 5𝜇0
𝐁1 = 𝜇1 𝐇1 = 5𝜇0 𝐇1 =
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

Problems on magnetic boundary conditions

1. For a given field 𝐇1 = −2𝐚𝑥 + 6𝐚𝑦 + 4𝐚𝑧 A/m in region 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2 ≤ 0 where
𝜇1 = 5𝜇0 , calculate
a) 𝐌1 and 𝐁1
b) 𝐇2 and 𝐁2 in region 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2 ≥ 0 where 𝜇2 = 2𝜇0 y
𝜇2 = 2𝜇0
Solution:
Let surface of the plane be described as 2
𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2, and a unit vector
2
normal to the plane is given by
𝛻𝑓 𝐚𝑦 − 𝐚𝑥 1
𝐚𝑛 = =
𝛻𝑓 2
a) 𝐌1 = 𝜒𝑚1 𝐇1 = 𝜇𝑟1 − 1 𝐇1 = 5 − 1 𝐇1 -2 0 x
= −8𝐚𝑥 + 24𝐚𝑦 + 16𝐚𝑧 A/m 𝜇1 = 5𝜇0
𝐁1 = 𝜇1 𝐇1 = 5𝜇0 𝐇1 = 5 × 4𝜋 × 10−7 𝐇1
= −12.57𝐚𝑥 +37.7𝐚𝑦 + 25.13𝐚𝑧 𝜇𝑊𝑏/𝑚2
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

Problems on magnetic boundary conditions

1. For a given field 𝐇1 = −2𝐚𝑥 + 6𝐚𝑦 + 4𝐚𝑧 A/m in region 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2 ≤ 0 where
𝜇1 = 5𝜇0 , calculate
a) 𝐌1 and 𝐁1
y
b) 𝐇2 and 𝐁2 in region 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2 ≥ 0 where 𝜇2 = 2𝜇0 𝜇2 = 2𝜇0
Solution:
2
𝐇1𝑛 = 𝐇1 ∙ 𝐚𝑛 𝐚𝑛 = −4𝐚𝑥 + 4𝐚𝑦
2
1

-2 0 x

𝜇1 = 5𝜇0
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

Problems on magnetic boundary conditions

1. For a given field 𝐇1 = −2𝐚𝑥 + 6𝐚𝑦 + 4𝐚𝑧 A/m in region 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2 ≤ 0 where
𝜇1 = 5𝜇0 , calculate
a) 𝐌1 and 𝐁1
y
b) 𝐇2 and 𝐁2 in region 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2 ≥ 0 where 𝜇2 = 2𝜇0 𝜇2 = 2𝜇0
Solution:
2
𝐇1𝑛 = 𝐇1 ∙ 𝐚𝑛 𝐚𝑛 = −4𝐚𝑥 + 4𝐚𝑦
2
𝐇1 = 𝐇1𝑛 + 𝐇1𝑡 1

𝐇1𝑡 = 𝐇1 − 𝐇1𝑛 = 2𝐚𝑥 + 2𝐚𝑦 + 4𝐚𝑧

-2 0 x

𝜇1 = 5𝜇0
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

Problems on magnetic boundary conditions

1. For a given field 𝐇1 = −2𝐚𝑥 + 6𝐚𝑦 + 4𝐚𝑧 A/m in region 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2 ≤ 0 where
𝜇1 = 5𝜇0 , calculate
a) 𝐌1 and 𝐁1
y
b) 𝐇2 and 𝐁2 in region 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2 ≥ 0 where 𝜇2 = 2𝜇0 𝜇2 = 2𝜇0
Solution:
2
𝐇1𝑛 = 𝐇1 ∙ 𝐚𝑛 𝐚𝑛 = −4𝐚𝑥 + 4𝐚𝑦
2
𝐇1 = 𝐇1𝑛 + 𝐇1𝑡 1

𝐇1𝑡 = 𝐇1 − 𝐇1𝑛 = 2𝐚𝑥 + 2𝐚𝑦 + 4𝐚𝑧

𝐇2𝑡 = 𝐇1𝑡 = 2𝐚𝑥 + 2𝐚𝑦 + 4𝐚𝑧 -2 0 x

𝜇1 = 5𝜇0
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

Problems on magnetic boundary conditions

1. For a given field 𝐇1 = −2𝐚𝑥 + 6𝐚𝑦 + 4𝐚𝑧 A/m in region 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2 ≤ 0 where
𝜇1 = 5𝜇0 , calculate
a) 𝐌1 and 𝐁1
y
b) 𝐇2 and 𝐁2 in region 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2 ≥ 0 where 𝜇2 = 2𝜇0 𝜇2 = 2𝜇0
Solution:
2
𝐇1𝑛 = 𝐇1 ∙ 𝐚𝑛 𝐚𝑛 = −4𝐚𝑥 + 4𝐚𝑦
2
𝐇1 = 𝐇1𝑛 + 𝐇1𝑡 1

𝐇1𝑡 = 𝐇1 − 𝐇1𝑛 = 2𝐚𝑥 + 2𝐚𝑦 + 4𝐚𝑧

𝐇2𝑡 = 𝐇1𝑡 = 2𝐚𝑥 + 2𝐚𝑦 + 4𝐚𝑧 -2 0 x
𝜇1 𝜇1 = 5𝜇0
𝐇2𝑛 = 𝐇1𝑛 = −10𝐚𝑥 + 10𝐚𝑦 (𝐁2𝑛 = 𝐁1𝑛 )
𝜇2
 6.4 Boundary Conditions

Problems on magnetic boundary conditions

1. For a given field 𝐇1 = −2𝐚𝑥 + 6𝐚𝑦 + 4𝐚𝑧 A/m in region 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2 ≤ 0 where
𝜇1 = 5𝜇0 , calculate
a) 𝐌1 and 𝐁1
y
b) 𝐇2 and 𝐁2 in region 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2 ≥ 0 where 𝜇2 = 2𝜇0 𝜇2 = 2𝜇0
Solution: 𝐁2 = 𝜇2 𝐇2 = 𝜇0 𝜇𝑟 𝐇2 = −20.11𝐚𝑥 + 30.16𝐚𝑦 + 10.05𝐚𝑧 μWb/m2
2
𝐇1𝑛 = 𝐇1 ∙ 𝐚𝑛 𝐚𝑛 = −4𝐚𝑥 + 4𝐚𝑦
2
𝐇1 = 𝐇1𝑛 + 𝐇1𝑡 1

𝐇1𝑡 = 𝐇1 − 𝐇1𝑛 = 2𝐚𝑥 + 2𝐚𝑦 + 4𝐚𝑧

𝐇2𝑡 = 𝐇1𝑡 = 2𝐚𝑥 + 2𝐚𝑦 + 4𝐚𝑧 -2 0 x
𝜇1 𝜇1 = 5𝜇0
𝐇2𝑛 = 𝐇1𝑛 = −10𝐚𝑥 + 10𝐚𝑦 (𝐁2𝑛 = 𝐁1𝑛 )
𝜇2
𝐇2 = 𝐇2𝑛 + 𝐇2𝑡 = −8𝐚𝑥 + 12𝐚𝑦 + 4𝐚𝑧 (A/m) and 𝐁2 = 𝜇2 𝐇2