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Module - Financial Statement Analysis
Module - Financial Statement Analysis
Module - Financial Statement Analysis
Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, the student should be able to:
1. Identify the need for comparative analysis
2. Identify the tools of financial statement analysis
3. Identify and compute ratios.
4. Understand the concept of earning power
5. Recognize the limitations of financial statement.
Analyzing financial statements involves evaluating three characterisitics of a company: its liquidity, its profitability, and
its solvency.
Basics of Financial Horizontal and Ratio analysis Earning Power and Limitations of
Statement Analysis Vertical Analysis irregular items Financial
Statement Analysis
*Need for *Balance Sheet *Liquidity * Discontinued *Estimates
comparative analysis *Income Statement *Profitability operations *Cost
*Tools of analysis *Retained Earnings *Solvency *Extraordinary items *Accounting
Statement *Summary *change in methods
accounting principle *A typical data
*Comprehensive *Diversification
income
Bases
1. Intracompany basis. This compares an item or financial relationship within a company
2. Industry averages. This basis compares an item of financial relationship of a company with industry
averages or norms
3. Intercompany basis. This basis compares an item or financial relationship of one company with the same
item or relationship in one or more competing companies.
4.
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Current Results in = Current Year Amount
Relation to Base Base Year Amount
Ratio Analysis
Expresses the mathematical relationship between one quantity and another.
Liquidity Ratios measures the short term ability of the enterprise to pay its maturing obligations and to meet
unexpected need for cash.
1. Current Ratio – measure for evaluating a company’s liquidity and short term debt paying ability
4. Average turnover – measure the number of times on average the inventory is sold during the period.
Profitability Ratios – measure the income or operating success of an enterprise for a given period of time.
5. Profit margin – measure the percentage of each sales that results in net income
6. Asset turnover – measures how efficient a company uses its assets to generate sales
8. Return on Common Stockholder’s Equity – measures profitability from the common stockholders
9. Earnings per share – measure of the net income earned on each share of common stock
11. Payout Ratio – measures the percentage of earnings distributed in the form dividends
Solvency Ratios - measure the ability of the company to survive over a long period of time
12. Debt to Total Assets Ratio – measures the percentage of the total assets provided by creditors
13. Times Interest Earned = provides an indication of the company’s ability to meet interest payments as they
come due.
Times interest earned = Income before income taxes and Interest expense
Interest Expense
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