11 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Philippine Politics
and Governance
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
The Executive - The Role and Responsibilities of the
Philippine President in Relation to His/Her Power.
 What I Need to Know

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY:

Analyze the roles and powers of the executive branch of the government
(HUMSS_PG12-Ih-24)

The Executive – The role and responsibilities of the

Philippine President in relation to his/her power.

Section 1 article VII of the Philippine constitution dealing with the Executive
Department begins with the enunciation of the principle that the executive power shall
be vested in the President of the Philippines. This means that the president of the
Philippines is the executive of the government of the Philippines.

It is imperative for the learner to know the roles and powers of the president of
the Philippines for him to be more aware and critical when the president exercises
his/her major powers.

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

Knowledge: Identify the Qualifications for Presidency and Successors to the Position.

Skills: Create a graphic organizer on the Roles and responsibilities of the President.

Attitude: Realize the value of understanding the roles and powers of the president.

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 What I Know

Direction: Read each item carefully and use your notebook to write your
answers.

1. He/She has the power to enforce and execute the laws faithfully.

2. The president of the Philippines is not mandated to supervise local

governments all over the country. Yes/No

3. Give one qualification of the president.

4. Give one executive power of the president.

5. Term of office of the President.

6. Give one example of privileges of the president granted under the constitution.

7. Can the president order the investigation of a City Mayor for being a gambling
protector and impose disciplinary measure if found guilty? Yes/NO

8. The Municipality of Bacong passed an ordinance prohibiting smoking in public

places. Can the President reverse said ordinance? Yes/NO

9. The Land Transportation Office(LTO) came out with a traffic regulation closing
certain streets to traffic of tricycle. Can the President set aside such regulation?
Yes/No

10. Where is the official residence of the President?

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 What’s In

The previous lesson tackled about the Historical Development of Philippine

Politics which could greatly affect any presidential administration. Because of this, the
role of President becomes vital especially in times of recurring national concerns,
political crisis and sudden occurrence of pandemic. Hence, it is very important to learn
about the roles and responsibilities of the Philippine President in relation to his/her
power.
If you were the President, what kind of political powers do you want? List them
down using an outline. Write your answer in your notebook.

What’s New

ANALYSIS: Read and answer the following questions below. Write your answer in
your notebook. Do not write anything on this module.

1. Do you know the political personalities in the given pictures?

2. What do you think are their roles?
3. Based on your answers, how would you define executive power? How is
this being exercised? (explain)

https://depedshs.blogspot.com

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 What is It

THREE BRANCHES OF THE GOVERNMENT

1. Executive Branch – a branch of government that carries out laws. It is

composed of the President and the Vice-President who are elected by direct
popular vote and serve a term of six years. The Constitution grants the
President authority to appoint his Cabinet. These departments form a large
portion of the country’s bureaucracy. (Refer to Philippine Constitution, Article
VII)
2. Legislative Branch – a branch of government that authorized to make laws,
alter, repeal them through the power vested in the Philippine Congress. This
institution is divided into the Senate and the House of Representatives. (Refer
to Philippine Constitution, Article VI)

3.Judicial Branch – a branch of government that evaluates laws. It holds the

power to settle controversies involving rights and are legally demandable and
enforceable. (Refer to Philippine Constitution, Article VIII)

The Executive Branch

 Charged with the execution and administration of a country’s laws
 In general, the executive branch sets the direction of national policy
 Executive power in the government is vested in the office of the President of
the Republic

Qualifications of President and Vice-President

 Natural born citizen of the Philippines
 Registered voter
 Literate (can read and write)
 At least 40 years old on election day
 Resident of the country for 10years
 Elected at large by plurality

Term Limits
 The term of the President is for six years which shall begin at noon on the
thirtieth day of June following the day of election. It shall end on the at noon of
the same day and month six years after.
 No person who has succeeded and served as President for four (4) years can
run again to the same office at any time

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Roles and Responsibilities
 Appoints the head of the different executive departments (Appointing power)
 Appoints ambassadors, consuls and public ministers
 Serves as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
(Military power)
 Appoints Armed Forces Personnel from the rank of colonel or naval captain
 Contracts/guarantees foreign loans (Borrowing power)
 Negotiates foreign treaties
 Makes appointments not otherwise provided for by law
 Suspends the writ of habeas corpus (Control Power)
 Declares martial law
 Prepares the national budget
 Refuses or approves a bill or joint resolutions thus prevent its enactment (veto)
 Performs acts of clemency

Acts of Clemency
 Pardon – which is an act of grace that sets aside punishment for a crime.
 Commutation – which is an executive clemency that changes a punishment to
one which is less severe as from execution to life imprisonment.
 Reprieve – which means temporary relief from or postponement of execution
of criminal punishment or sentence.
 Remission of fines and forfeitures – which is the condonation of the financial
obligation and the return of properties confiscated by reason of the commission
of the offense and conviction of the offender.
 Amnesty – denotes the general pardon to rebels for their treason and other
high political offenses, of the forgiveness which one sovereign grants to the
offender of the law of nations.

The President Cannot (Limitations)

 Holds any other office or enjoy any other form of employment
 Makes appointments two months prior to the next elections
 Makes appointment within the 4th civil degree of consanguinity
 Increases his/her salary or that of the Vice-President during his/her term
 Ratifies foreign treaties
 Grants clemency in cases of impeachment

Privileges of the President

 Official residence – the president shall have an official residence. He is the
only official of the government provided with a residence maintained by public
funds.
 Salary – is also entitled to a salary like all other public officers. The salary of
the president shall be determined by law and shall not be decreased during
their tenure.
 Immunity from suit – the president is accorded the immunity from suit, both
civil and criminal. The rationale for the grant to the President of this privilege of
immunity from suit is to assure the exercise of presidential duties and functions
free from any hindrance or distraction.

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Causes of Vacancy
 Death
 Permanent Disability
 Resignation
 Impeachment
 Written declaration that he/she is unable to discharge the powers and duties of
the office
 If a majority of the cabinet makes a written declaration that the President cannot
discharge the powers and duties

More on Vacancy
 The President can, at a later time, inform congress that he/she is fit to perform
his/her duties again
 Congress can judge otherwise by a two-thirds votes of both houses voting
separately
If the President falls seriously ill, the public will be informed of his/her state of
health; members of the cabinet in charge of national security and foreign relations shall
have access to the president; the chief of staff of the Armed Forces shall have access
to the President

What’s More

Task 1: Make a graphic organizer on the Roles and responsibilities of the

President. Write it in your activity notebook.

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 What I Have Learned

Directions: Write your personal reflection about the lesson. Share your learning
Insights/reflection that would provide you an opportunity to reflect on and assess your
skills, knowledge and comprehension. Do this in your activity notebook. Don’t write
anything on this module.

I have learned that ______________________________________________

I have realized that _____________________________________________

I will apply ______________________________________________________

What I Can Do

ACTIVITY
Task 2: Identify the names of these government officials and their roles in the
Philippine government. Write your answers in your activity notebook.

https://depedshs.blogspot.com

Task 3:
Direction: Answer the question below and write your answers in your notebook.

 Who is Rodrigo Roa Duterte? How did he become famous in Philippine

politics?

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 Assessment

Fill in the blank:

Directions: Read each item carefully and use your notebook to write your answers.

_______1. It is a department vested in the President of the Philippines.

_______2. The term of office of the President and Vice- President.

_______3. Denotes the general pardon to rebels for their treason and other high
political offenses, of the forgiveness.

_______ 4. The Commander-in-Chief of the AFP.

_______ 5. Give one cabinet member of the President.

______ 6. Term of the President.

_______ 7. A power that is granted to the president.

_______ 8. Distinguish pardon from amnesty in simplest term.

_______ 9. Why do you think the president is not eligible for any re-election?

______ 10. No person who has succeeded as President and has served as such for
more than four years shall be qualified for election to the same office at any time.
Question: Why during the time of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo is still qualified
to run the office on the next presidential election? Briefly explain.

Additional Activities

Directions: Create an organizational structure which shows the different branches of the
government. Focus on the respective roles and the underlying hierarchical structure that are
formed within these branches.

Rubrics: Content: 10pts. Organization 10pts Concept/Interpretation 5pts

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11 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Philippine Politics
and Governance
Quarter 2 – Module 2:
The Legislative-Roles and Responsibilities of the
Philippine Senate and the House of
Representatives
 What I Need to Know

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY:

Differentiate the roles and responsibilities of the Philippine Senate and the House of
Representatives. HUMSS_PG12 Ii-27

The Legislative – Roles and Responsibilities of the Philippine Senate

and the House of Representatives.

Our government is a tripartite system of government composed of three great

branches, the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Departments. They are independent
but coordinate departments and the powers of government have been carefully
apportioned between these three distinct departments.
Congress plays a crucial role in our government and it is imperative for the
learners to know and understand our political and civil rights that we are a democratic
republic, not because we have an elected President or an independent judiciary, but
because we freely elect men and women to govern in our name in Congress.

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

Knowledge: Identify the roles and Responsibilities of the Philippine Senate and the
House of Representatives.

Skills: List the current senators and district representatives in our province.

Attitude: Give appreciation on one’s role in the society.

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 What I Know

Direction: Read each item carefully and use your notebook to write your answers.

1. The Philippine’s legislative department is also known as the ______.

2. The congress is composed of the Upper and the Lower house which is also
known as the _____ and ______ respectively.

3. The senate is composed of ____ senators.

4. The Lower House is composed of ____ district representatives.

5. Approve the government’s monetary _____.

6. Legislative powers of Congress refer to its ________ powers.

7. Propose, review, and adopt bills for enactment into ______.

8. ____ a presidential veto with respect to proposed legislation.

9. No Senator can serve for more than _______.

10. Congressman can only be elected for _______ consecutive years.

What’s In

In the previous lesson, roles of executive branch were discussed, and this is
considered vital especially in making important decisions that can affect the country’s
progress and development. Executive powers alone are insufficient because it needs
constituents who are responsible for assisting the president. So, it is also important to
study about the Roles and Responsibilities of the Philippine Senate and the House of
Representatives.

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 What’s New

Direction: Answer the following questions. Write your answer in your notebook.

1. Do you like the activity? Do you have difficulty in remembering our senators?

2. How many senators do we have? Can you name them?

3. How about the congressmen in the province of Negros Oriental, who are they?
What are the primary roles of senators and congressmen?

What is It

General Legislative Powers of Congress

The general legislative powers of Congress refer to its law-making powers.
Specifically, it refers the authority of congress to enact, this power carries with it the
right to amend and repeal them. However, it must be noted that in the manner of
enacting legislation, it demonstrates the system of checks and balances through the
participation of the President in the law-making process. Under the Constitution before
a bill approved by the Senate and House becomes a law, it shall be presented to the
President for his approval.

Composition of Congress of the Philippines

As mentioned earlier, the Congress of the Philippines is a bicameral congress
consisting of two bodies/houses, the Senate is the upper house while the House of
Representatives is the lower house. The members of the Senate are called Senators,
but members of the House of Representatives are called Representatives or
Congressman and sometimes even “Members of Congress”

1. Senate of the Philippines

The senate is the upper chamber of Congress. We actually looked upon the
Senate as the second level to that of the President and Vice-President. Often,
the Senate is also looked upon as a training ground for the Presidency.
a. Composition
The Senate consists of 24 members elected at large by qualified voters,
which means that they are national elected officials. In fixing the composition
of the members of the Senate at 24, no consideration has been made in
terms of its proportion to the number of populations.

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 b. Qualifications
The qualifications for Senators are the following:
1. Natural-born citizen of the Philippines.
2. At least 35 years of age.
3. Able to read and write.
4. A registered voter.
5. A resident of the Philippine for not less than two (2) years

c. Term of Office
The term of office of Senators is six (6) years which shall begin unless
otherwise provided by law at noon on the 30th day of June after their election.
Term of office which refers to the period fixed by law/constitution during
which a member of congress or an elective official will hold office, should be
distinguished from tenure of office which speaks of the actual number of
years during which the official hold the office.

No Senator can serve for more than 2 consecutive term, and since the
term of office is 6 year then what is prohibited under the constitution is more
than 12 successive years. The purpose of this prohibition as to the number
of competent and deserving to be elected senator.

Leadership in the Senate

The officers of the Senate are the Senate President, president pro tempore,
majority leader, minority leader. The Senate President is the presiding officer of the
Senate elected by a majority votes of all its members. It holds office at the pleasure of
its members and may be replaced at any time. In the Political Hierarchical order of
leadership, the Senate President is the third highest official of the government.

The Senate also elects a president pro tempore from the majority party, “an
honoric position” which presides when the Senate President is absent. The Senate
also elects a majority and minority floor leader. The party caucuses of ruling majority
party in the Senate elect the majority leader. He acts as the leader and spokesperson
of the majority party and its principal functions is to schedule the business of the
Senate.

2. House of Representatives
The House of Representatives consists of men and women who are the
elected representatives of the Filipino people. We expect the members of the
House to represent our needs and aspirations and to carry our desire on
matters of national concerns.
a. Composition
The House of Representatives is composed of 10 times larger than the
membership in the Senate. It is composed of not more than 250 members
unless otherwise fixed by law. It consists of two kinds of members namely:
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 1. District Representatives – elected from legislative districts apportioned
among the provinces, cities and the Metropolitan Manila area. They
constitute the majority (eight percent) of members of the House of
Representatives.

2. Party-list Representatives – elected through the party-system of

registered national, regional and sectoral parties or organization. They
shall constitute twenty percent of the total number of representatives.

b. Qualifications
b.1. Qualification for district Representatives
The qualifications for District Representatives are:
1. Natural-born citizen of the Philippines
2. At least twenty - five (25) years of age
3. Able to read and write
4. A registered voter in the district in which he shall be elected
5. A registered of the district in which he shall be elected for not less
than one year.

b.2 Qualifications for Party-list representatives

The qualifications for party-list representatives are the same as that of
the district representatives except a registered voter and resident of the district.
For party-list representatives, the place of registration to vote and residence
can be anywhere in the Philippines. This is because a party –list in the
Philippines. This is because a party-list does not represent a district in the
house of Representatives.

c. Term of Office
Under the present constitution, the term of office of congressman is
reduced to three years and like a senator, shall commence at noon on the
thirtieth day of June unless otherwise fixed by law next following their
election.
They can only be elected for three (3) consecutive years or a continuous
service of 9 years, however, like the Senators there is no limit as to the
number of years a person can hold office as congressman. They can still be
elected for the same office, provided there is an interruption after serving for
3 consecutive terms.

Leadership in the House of Representatives

The House leadership has the same set up as that of the Senate except the
title of the positions particularly the presiding officer, which is called the Speaker of the
House. The Speaker, who presides over the House, is the most important person in
that body. He is elected by majority votes of the all members of the House, but in
practice is chosen by the majority party. The Speaker of the House decides on all
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questions of order, refers bills resolutions, orders issued by or upon order of the
House, appoints members of joint committees and conference committees, and
exercises administrative functions over the house personnel.
The House also elects Deputy Speakers for Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao who
assume the duties and powers of the Speaker when he is absent. Like the Speaker,
the Deputy Speakers are elected by a majority vote of all the members.

What’s More

Task 1: I. Multiple Choices. Read each item carefully and use your notebook
to write your answers. Write only the letter.

1. What is the difference between a Senator and a Member of the House of

Representatives?
A. Senator is elected at large by qualified voters, whereas a member of the
House of Representatives is elected in his district.
B. Although both are legislators, a senator is concerned with the national
interest of the people, while a member of the House of Representatives
is concerned only with the regional interest of the people.
C. A senator is trained to be the future leader of the country, whereas a
member of the House of Representatives is not.
D. All of the above

2. When the president dies, is permanently disabled, is impeached, or resigns, the

Vice-President becomes President for the unexpired term. However, if both the
President and Vice-President die, become permanently disabled, are
impeached, or resigned, the Senate President shall act as President until the
President or VP shall have been elected and qualified. If the Senate President
becomes disabled, who will succeed?
A. The Speaker of the House shall become the President.
B. B. There will be a special election specifically conducted for the filling up
of the vacant offices.
C. The Senate President shall submit to the Congress a declaration of his
disability, then a Senior Senator will be the acting President.
D. The Speaker of the House shall act as President until the President or
VP shall have been elected and qualified.

3. What is meant by a bicameral legislature?

A. It means that the Congress is composed of two House of
Representatives.
B. It means that the Congress is composed of two chambers: Senate and
House of Representatives.
C. It means that the legislative power, the authority to enact and promulgate
laws, is vested in the Congress of the Philippines.
D. All of the above

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4. What is the difference between a Senator and a Member of the House of
Representatives?
A. A Senator is elected at large by qualified voters, whereas a member of the
House of Representatives is elected in his district.
B. Although both are legislators, a senator is concerned with the national
interest of the people, while a member of the House of Representatives is
concerned only with the regional interest of the people.
C. A senator is trained to be the future leader of the country, whereas a
member of the House of Representatives is not.
D. All of the above

5. When is the regular election of the Senators and the Members of the House of
Representatives held?
A. Every 4th Monday of July
B. 2nd Monday of May
C. 1st Sunday of June
D. None of the above

6. House Representative of the 1st Congressional District of Negros Oriental.

A. Teddy Casino
B. Chiquiting Sagarbaria
C. Jocelyn Sy Limkaichong
D. Arnie Teves

7. Congressman of Negros Oriental who authored the bill “An Act Proposing
Amendments To Section 3, RA 10054, Otherwise Known as an Act Mandating All
Motorcycle Riders To Wear Standard Protective Motorcycle Helmets While Driving
and Providing Penalties Therefor”
A. Arnie Teves
B. Chiquiting Sagarbaria
C. Jocelyn Sy Limkaichong
D. None of the above

8. The branch of the Philippine government that authorize to make laws, alter and
repeal.
A. Legislative branch
B. Judiciary branch
C. Executive branch
D. All of the above

9. The following are the qualifications for District Representatives except.

A. Natural-born citizen of the Philippines
B. At least thirty five (35) years of age
C. Able to read and write
D. A registered voter in the district in which he shall be elected

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10. Lawmakers in the House of Representatives are called_____.
A. Congressman/Congresswomen
B. Judges
C. Executive
D. Administrator

II. Directions: Fill in the blanks with the options given inside the box. Write your
answer in your notebook.

upper house bicameral

lower house Speaker of the House

1. The Congress of the Philippines is a _______congress.

2. Consisting of two bodies/houses, the Senate is the _______ .
3. While the House of Representatives is the ________.
4. The House leadership particularly the presiding officer is called the ______.
5. The ______ decides on all questions of order, refers bills resolutions, orders
issued by or upon order of the House, appoints members of joint
committees.

What I Have Learned

Write your personal reflection about the lesson. Share your learning
Insights/reflection that would provide you an opportunity to reflect on and assess your
skills, knowledge and comprehension. Do this in your notebook.

I have learned that ________________ ________________ ______.

I have realized that ________________ _________________ _____.

I will apply _____________ _________________ _______________.

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 What I Can Do

Task 2: Motivational
Direction: Read carefully the questions and write your answers in your notebook.

1. How many years of basic education should a student complete?

2. What punishment will somebody get if he or she steals?
3. What possible punishments if one is convicted by pushing prohibited drugs?
4. Have you wondered what rules apply to these questions? Or have you ever thought
who creates these rules in the first place?

Task 3: Find my match!

Direction: From the given pictures of Legislatures below, identify their names and
match their corresponding Houses (Uppers House or Lower House). Write your
answers in your notebook.

https://depedshs.blogspot.com

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 Assessment

Directions: Read and answer the roles and functions of the legislative branch.
_______ 1. Approves the government’s budget
_______ 2. Overturn a Presidential veto
_______ 3. Make laws
_______ 4. Presiding officer of the Senate
_______ 5. Qualification for district Representatives. Give one.
_______ 6. Issue executive orders
_______ 7. Presides over the House of Representatives.
_______ 8. Elected through the party-system of registered national, regional and
sectoral parties or organization.
_______ 9. Senators term of office
______ 10. Differentiate district representatives from party-list representatives?

Additional Activities

Directions: Create an organizational chart which shows the hierarchical structure of

senate and house of representatives with a clear emphasis on the different roles and
responsibilities of each member.

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