Information Technology

Data:
Data refers to raw facts, figures and text

Information:
Information refers to the meaningful data

Database:
Database is an organized collection of inter related data

Eg: 1. Microsoft Acces 2. Open Office Base 3. MySQL

Database Management System:

• Software package with computer programs that controls the creation,
maintenance and use of a database
• It allows different user application programs to access the same
database from many places
• Eg: Oracle, Microsoft Access, MySQL, SQLLite, Postgres

Advantages of a Database

1. Reduces Data Redundancy – Reduces Duplicate entries

2. Sharing of Data – Users can share data amongst themselves
3. Data Integrity - The Data is accurate and the fields are consistet
in the Database
4. Data Security – Only authorised users can access the database
5. Privacy – The Data in the database can only be accessed by existing
users in the database or users who have access to it
6. Backup and Recovery – Data is automatically backed up
7. Data Consistency – The fields and the type of data in the fields
remians the same

Data Organization
1. Flat File – Data is stores in a single table; For less data
2. Relational – Data is stored in multiple tables and the tables are
linked together using a common field; For larger data

Database Server – Dedicated servers that hold databases – Also called as

Back-ends

Back End – Databses or API which are not visible to the user when the
request is sent. Tools used: MySQL, PHPMyAdmin etc
Front End – GUI or Graphical User Interface which the user sees and
interacts with. Tools used: Wordpress, Python etc

Relational Databse Management System (RDBMS)

• Based on Relational Model or organizing Data
• Data is represented in Tuples(rows) and grouped as relations(tables)

Basic Terminologies:

1. Item – The Information stored in the database

2. Field – Each Category for which the data is to be entered
3. Record – Individual Row of Information according to the order of the
field name
4. Value – Actual text or numerical value put inside the field
5. Key Field – A column of unique codes used for representing the
record