10

MATHEMATICS
QUARTER 2
Week 5

Capsulized Self-Learning
Empowerment Toolkit

Schools Division Office of Zamboanga City

Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Zamboanga City

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

Shielica B. Abdurahman
Teacher I
Talon-Talon National High School
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SUBJECT &
GRADE LEVEL MATHEMATICS 10
QUARTER SECOND WEEK 5 DAY mm/dd/yyyy
TOPIC Secants, Tangents, Segments and Sectors of a Circle
LEARNING 1. Illustrates secants, tangents, segments and sectors of a
COMPETENCY circle. (M10GE-IIe-1)
2. Proves theorems involving secants, tangents and
segments. (M10GE-IIe-f-1)

IMPORTANT: Do not write anything on this material. Write your answers on separate
sheets.

UNDERSTAND
Secants, Tangents, Segments and Sectors of a Circle

A Definition of Terms

SECANT LINE
A secant line is a line that intersects a circle at exactly two points. A
secant contains a chord of a circle.
A

⃡ is a secant line.
In ⨀ B, 𝐴𝐶
B
C

TANGENT LINE

A tangent line is a line that is coplanar with the circle and intersects it at
one and only one point. The point of intersection of the line and the circle
is called the point of tangency.

In the figure on the left, ⃡𝐸𝐺

E
D intersects ⨀𝐷 at F.

F ⃡ is a tangent line and F is the

𝐸𝐺
point of tangency.
G

Shielica B. Abdurahman, Teacher I, Talon-Talon National High School

 2

SECTOR OF A CIRCLE
A sector of a circle is the region bounded by an arc of the circle
and the two radii to the endpoints of the arc. It is named using three
letters, like how we name angles.
C

In the figure on the right, sector 𝐶𝐴𝑇 is

bounded by arc CT (𝐶𝑇) ෢ and the two radii
to the endpoints of the arc are segment A
തതതത ) and segment AT (𝐴𝑇
AC (𝐴𝐶 തതതത). T

SEGMENT OF A CIRCLE
A segment of a circle is the region bounded by an arc of the
circle and the segment joining its endpoints.
A

The shaded region in the figure on the left is a

C segment of Circle B. It is the region bounded
B ෢ ) and segment AC (𝐴𝐶
by arc AC (𝐴𝐶 തതതത ).

B Postulate and Theorems

POSTULATE
At a given point on a circle, one and only one line can be drawn that is
tangent to the circle.

ILLUSTRATION

Consider ⨀𝑅 on the right.

If Y is a point on the circle, then one and only R
one line can be drawn through Y that is D
tangent to ⨀𝑅.
Y

EXTERIOR ANGLE THEOREM

The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the
measures of the two non-adjacent interior angles of the triangle.

Shielica B. Abdurahman, Teacher I, Talon-Talon National High School

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ILLUSTRATION

U
2 Consider ∆𝐻𝑈𝐺. If ∠4 is an exterior
angle, ∠2 and ∠1 are non-adjacent
interior angles of ∆𝐻𝑈𝐺 with respect
to ∠4, then;

1 3 4 𝑚∠4 = 𝑚∠1 + 𝑚∠2

H G

C Theorems on Angles formed by Secants and Tangent

Theorem 1

A line is tangent to a circle if and

only if it is perpendicular to the
radius drawn to the point of
tangency.
The figure on the right shows that, if
⃡ is tangent to ⨀C then it is
𝐴𝐵
⃡
perpendicular to CR. Likewise, if 𝐴𝐵
is perpendicular to CR, then it is
tangent to ⨀C.

Theorem 2

If two tangents intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure

of the angle formed is one half the difference of the measures of
the intercepted arcs.

⃡ and ⃡𝑇𝐻 are tangents, prove that:

In ⨀Z below, given that 𝑇𝐴
1
෣ − 𝑚𝐴𝐻
𝑚∠2 = ൫𝑚𝐴𝑀𝐻 ෢൯
2

A
M 3
Z
2 T

1
H

Shielica B. Abdurahman, Teacher I, Talon-Talon National High School

 4

Proof of Theorem 2:

STATEMENT REASON
1. ⃡𝑇𝐴 and ⃡𝑇𝐻 are tangents 1. Given
2. Draw segment AH 2. Construction
3. 𝑚∠1 = 𝑚∠2 + 𝑚∠3 3. Exterior Angle Theorem
4. 𝑚∠2 = 𝑚∠1 − 𝑚∠3 4. Addition Property of Equality
1
5. ෣൯
𝑚∠1 = ൫𝑚𝐴𝑀𝐻 5. If a tangent and a chord intersect at a
2
point on a circle, then the measure of
1 each angle formed is one-half the
෢൯
𝑚∠3 = ൫𝑚𝐴𝐻
2 measure of the intercepted arc.
1 1
෣ ൯ − ൫𝑚𝐴𝐻
6. 𝑚∠2 = 2 ൫𝑚𝐴𝑀𝐻 ෢൯ 6. Substitution Property
2
1
෣ − 𝑚𝐴𝐻
7. 𝑚∠2 = 2 ൫𝑚𝐴𝑀𝐻 ෢൯ 7. Distributive Property

Theorem 3

If two secants intersect at the exterior of a circle, then the measure of

the angle formed is one half the difference of the measures of the
intercepted arcs.

⃡ and 𝐸𝑁
In ⨀𝑋 below, given that 𝐶𝑆 ⃡ are secants. Prove that,
1
෢ − 𝑚𝐶𝐸
𝑚∠1 = ൫𝑚𝑆𝑁 ෢ ൯.
2

C 3
X
1
I 2
E
N

Proof of Theorem 3:

STATEMENT REASON
⃡ and ⃡𝐸𝑁 are secants
1. 𝐶𝑆 1. Given
2. Draw segment ES 2. Construction
3. 𝑚∠2 = 𝑚∠1 + 𝑚∠3 3. Exterior Angle Theorem
4. 𝑚∠1 = 𝑚∠2 − 𝑚∠3 4. Addition Property of Equality
1
෢൯
5. 𝑚∠2 = 2 ൫𝑚𝑆𝑁 5. Measure of the Inscribed Angle
Theorem
1
෢൯
𝑚∠3 = ൫𝑚𝐶𝐸
2
1 1
෢ ൯ − ൫𝑚𝐶𝐸
6. 𝑚∠1 = 2 ൫𝑚𝑆𝑁 ෢൯ 6. Substitution Property
2
1
෢ − 𝑚𝐶𝐸
7. 𝑚∠1 = 2 ൫𝑚𝑆𝑁 ෢൯ 7. Distributive Property

Shielica B. Abdurahman, Teacher I, Talon-Talon National High School

 5

Theorem 4

If a tangent and a secant intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the

measure of the angle formed is one half the difference of the measures
of the intercepted arcs.

Theorem 5

If two chords intersect in the interior of a circle, then the measure of

each angle is one half the sum of the measures of the arcs intercepted
by the angle and its vertical angle.

Note: The proofs of Theorems 4 and 5 are left as exercise.

D Theorems on Segments

THEOREM 6
If two chords of a circle intersect, then the product of the measures of
the segments of one chord is equal to the product of the measures of
the segments of the other chord.
D
A
C In the circle shown on the left, തതതത
𝐴𝐵
B തതതത at C. From the theorem,
intersects 𝐷𝐸
തതതത
𝐴𝐶 ∙ തതതത
𝐵𝐶 = തതതത
𝐷𝐶 ∙ തതതത
𝐸𝐶

EXAMPLE

Given the figure on the left, find the value of x.

A Solution:
L 2 Using the theorem on intersecting chords:
3 തതത ∙ 𝐺𝑆
𝐿𝑆 തതതത = 𝐴𝑆
തതതത ∙ 𝐹𝑆
തതതത
S x G
3(𝑥 ) = 2(6)
6 3𝑥 = 12
1 1
ቀ3ቁ (3𝑥 ) = 12 ቀ3ቁ
F 12
𝑥=
3
𝒙=𝟒

Shielica B. Abdurahman, Teacher I, Talon-Talon National High School

 6

THEOREM 7

If two secant segments are drawn to a circle from an exterior point,

then the product of the lengths of one secant segment and its
external secant segment is equal to the product of the lengths of
the other secant segment and its external secant segment.

R
തതതത and NR
AR തതതത are secant segments
I
drawn to the circle from an
A exterior point R. From the
E E theorem,
തതതത ∙ 𝐼𝑅
𝐴𝑅 തതത = തതതത
𝑁𝑅 ∙ തതതത
𝐸𝑅

EXAMPLE
Given the figure below, find the value of x.
Solution: Using the theorem on secant segments:

16 ഥ ∙ ത𝐻𝐼
𝑆𝐼 തതത = തതത
𝑇𝐼 ∙ തതത
𝐹𝐼
S 16(𝑥) = (10 + 8)(8)
H x
16𝑥 = 18(8)
I 16𝑥 = 144
8 1 1
ቀ ቁ (16𝑥) = 144 ቀ ቁ
16 16
10 16𝑥 144
F =
T 16 16
𝒙=𝟗

THEOREM 8
If a tangent segment and a secant segment are drawn from an
exterior point, then the square of the length of the tangent
segment is equal to the product of the lengths of the secant
segment and its external segment.
O
തതതത
YO is a secant segment drawn to
C
the circle from an exterior point O.
തതതത
CO is a tangent segment that is
N also drawn to the circle from the
same exterior point O. From the
theorem,
തതതത)2 = തതതത
(CO YO ∙ തതതത
NO
Y

Shielica B. Abdurahman, Teacher I, Talon-Talon National High School

 7

EXAMPLE
Given the figure below, find the value of x.

Solution: Using the theorem on tangent segments:

O x S തതതത)2 = തതതത
(𝑆𝑂 𝑅𝑂 ∙ തതതത
𝐴𝑂
2
(𝑥) = (16 + 9)(9)
9 𝑥 2 = (25)(9)
A 𝑥2 = 225
𝑥 = ξ225
16
𝑥 = ±15
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟓
R
NOTE: We disregard -15 since it refers to length.

SAQ-1: Cite a real-life example showing secants, tangents or segments of circle.

SAQ-2: In what field of study does the concept of Secants, Tangents, Segments
of a Circle is applicable? Explain your answer.

Let’s Practice! (Write your answers on the separate sheets.)

General Directions:

Do not write your answer on this module, write your answers for activities 1, 2
and 3 on separate sheets.

ACTIVITY 1: Name it!

Directions:

Study the illustration below and answer the given questions. Copy and answer the
questions below.

1. Which line is tangent to ⨀𝑇?

2. Name one secant line.
3. Based on your answer on number 2, at which points does the secant line
intersect the circle?
4. At what point does the tangent intersect the circle?
5. Name one sector of ⨀𝑇.

Shielica B. Abdurahman, Teacher I, Talon-Talon National High School

 8

ACTIVITY 2: Prove it!

Directions:
Copy and complete the table below to prove the given theorem.

M L Based on the figure, we are given that ⃡𝑀𝐶 is a secant

1
2
G E line and ⃡𝑀𝐿 is a tangent line. We want to prove that,
1
෢ − 𝑚𝐿𝐺
𝑚∠1 = 2 ൫𝑚𝐿𝐸𝐶 ෢ ൯.
3
C

Proof of Theorem 4:
STATEMENT REASON
⃡ is a secant line
1. 𝑀𝐶 1.
⃡𝑀𝐿 is a tangent line
2. 2. Construction
3. 𝑚∠2 = 𝑚∠1 + 𝑚∠3 3. Exterior Angle Theorem
4. 𝑚∠1 = 𝑚∠2 − 𝑚∠3 4.
1
෢
5. 𝑚∠2 = 𝐿𝐸𝐶 5. If a tangent and a chord intersect at a point on a
2
circle, then the measure of each angle formed is
one-half the measure of the intercepted arc.
1
෢
4. 𝑚∠3 = 𝐿𝐺 6.
2
1
5. 𝑚∠1 = ෢ − 1 𝑚𝐿𝐺
𝑚𝐿𝐸𝐶 ෢ 7.
2 2
1
෢ − 𝑚𝐿𝐺
6. 𝑚∠1 = ൫𝑚𝐿𝐸𝐶 ෢൯ 8. Distributive Property
2

ACTIVITY 3: Solve it!

Directions:

Find the length of the unknown segment (x) in each of the following figures and
indicate the theorem you applied. Write your solution on your answer sheet. If your
final answer is in decimal form, express it in two decimal places.

L
1. 2.
C 2
S
3
4 U L 30
x O
x
S
T 10
B

Shielica B. Abdurahman, Teacher I, Talon-Talon National High School

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REMEMBER
Key Points

✓ Secant is a line that intersects a circle at exactly two points.

✓ Tangent is a line coplanar with the circle and intersects it at one and only one
point.
✓ Sector of a Circle is the region bounded by an arc of the circle and the two radii
to the endpoints of the arc.
✓ Segment of a Circle is the region bounded by an arc and the segment joining its
endpoints.
✓ If two tangents intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of the angle
formed is one half the difference of the measures of the intercepted arcs.
✓ If two secants intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of the angle
formed is one half the difference of the measures of the intercepted arcs.
✓ If a tangent and a secant intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of
the angle formed is one half the difference of the measures of the intercepted
arcs.
✓ If two chords intersect in the interior of a circle, then the measure of each angle is
one half the sum of the measures of the arcs intercepted by the angle and its
vertical angle.
✓ If two secant segments are drawn to a circle from an exterior point, then the
product of the lengths of one secant segment and its external secant segment is
equal to the product of the lengths of the other secant segment and its external
secant segment.
✓ If a tangent segment and a secant segment are drawn from an exterior point,
then the square of the length of the tangent segment is equal to the product of
the lengths of the secant segment and its external segment.
✓ If a tangent and a secant intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of
the angle formed is one half the difference of the measures of the intercepted
arcs.

TRY
Let’s see how much have you learned today!

General Directions: Study the following assessments carefully and write your answers
on separate answer sheet.

Assessment 1.
W
Directions: 2
R
3
Refer to the figure on the right, 1
തതതത and 𝑆𝑊
Given that chords 𝑅𝑋 തതതതത intersect at A A
1 X
prove that 𝑚∠1 = ൫𝑚𝑅𝑆 ෢ + 𝑚𝑊𝑋 ෢ ൯. S
2

Shielica B. Abdurahman, Teacher I, Talon-Talon National High School

 10

Proof of Theorem 6:
STATEMENT REASON
തതതത and 𝑆𝑊
1. Chords 𝑅𝑋 തതതതത intersect at A 1.

2. 2. Construction

3. Exterior Angle Theorem

3. 𝑚∠1 = ______________________
4. Measure of the Inscribed Angle
4. 𝑚∠2 = _____________________ Theorem
1
5. 𝑚∠3 = 2 𝑚𝑊𝑋෢ 5.

6. Substitution Property
6. 𝑚∠1 = _______________________
1
෢ + 𝑚𝑊𝑋
7. 𝑚∠1 = 2 ൫𝑚𝑅𝑆 ෢൯ 7.

Assessment 2.

Directions:

Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on separate sheets.

1. What do you call a line that intersects the circle at one and only one point?
A. Secant C. Segment
B. Sector D. Tangent

2. What term refers to a region bounded by an arc and the segment joining its
endpoints?
A. Secant C. Segment
B. Sector D. Tangent
ഥ , which of the following equations will you
3. Suppose you are to find the length of 𝐼𝑅
use?

തതത ∙ 𝐼𝑅
A. 𝐴𝐼 തതത = 𝑁𝐸
തതതത ∙ തതതത
𝐸𝑅

B. തതതത
𝐴𝑅 ∙ തതത
𝐼𝑅 = തതതത
𝑁𝑅 ∙ തതതത
𝐸𝑅

C. തതതത
𝐴𝑅 ∙ തതതത
𝑁𝐸 = തതത
𝐼𝑅 ∙ തതതത
𝐸𝑅
തതതത ∙ തതതത
D. 𝐴𝑅 തതത ∙ തതതത
𝑁𝑅 = 𝐼𝑅 𝐸𝑅

4. Find the value of x.

L A.
25
B.
O
x C.
V D.
E 10

Shielica B. Abdurahman, Teacher I, Talon-Talon National High School

 11

5. What is the length of തതതത

𝐴𝑁?

A. 3.45
I R
13 12 B. 5.65
A
C. 7.58
7 D. 9.02
T
N

Melvin M. Callanta, et.al., Mathematics - Grade 10 Learner’s

REFERENCE/S Module (First Edition) Pasig City: Department of Education, 2015
pp. 178-213

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LEARNING RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT TEAM

SHIELICA B. ABDURAHMAN
WRITER
Talon-Talon National High School
Zandro G. Sepe, M.S.
LEARNING TEAM /
Dr. Elizabeth M. Raciles
EVALUATORS
Ronald F. Manalo
MANAGEMENT Dr. Roy C. Tuballa, CESO VI Dr. Mildred D. Dayao
AND SPECIALIST Dr. Oliver B. Talaoc Dr. Vilma A. Brown

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

Shielica B. Abdurahman, Teacher I, Talon-Talon National High School