Course Title: Readings in Philippine History

Course Description: the course analyzes Philippine history from multiple

perspectives through the lens of selected primary sources coming from
various disciplines and of different genres. Students are given opportunities to
analyze the author’s background and main arguments, compare different
point of views, identify biases and examine the evidences presented in the
document. The discussions will tackle traditional topics in history and other
interdisciplinary themes that will deepen and broaden their understanding of
Philippine political, economic, cultural, social, scientific, and religious history.
Priority is given to primary materials that could help students develop their
analytical and communication skills. The end goal is to develop historical and
critical consciousness of the students so that they will become versatile,
articulate, broad-minded, morally upright, and responsible citizens.

This course includes mandatory topics on the Philippine constitution, agrarian

reform, and taxation.

TOPIC OUTLINE

I. History and Historical Research

A. Defining History
B. Defining Historical Research
1. The Purpose of Historical Research
2. Characteristics of Historical Research
3. Advantages and Disadvantages of Historical Research
4. Steps in Historical Research
C. Theories of History
1. Cyclical View of History
2. Linear View of History
3. The Great God View of History
4. Great Man View of History
5. The Best People View of History
6. Ideas or the Great Mind View of History
7. The Human Nature View of History
8. Economic View of History
9. Gender History
10. Post-modern View of History
11. Other views of History

II. Sources of History

A. Distinction of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Sources
1. Primary sources (advantages and disadvantages)
1.a Types of Primary sources
2. Secondary sources (advantages and disadvantages)
2.a Types of Secondary sources
3. Tertiary sources (advantages and disadvantages)
3.a Types of Tertiary sources

B. External and Internal Criticism

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III. Content and Contextual Analysis
A. Content Analysis
1. Goals of content analysis
2. Kinds of texts
3. Types of content analysis
a. Conceptual analysis
b. Relational analysis
4. How to use content analysis
5. Issues of reliability and validity
6. Advantages of content analysis
7. Disadvantages of content analysis
B. Contextual Analysis
1. How to use contextual analysis
2. Importance of context in analysis and interpretation by Grace Fleming
C. Subtext

IV. One Past But Many Histories: controversies and conflicting views in
Philippine History
A. The First Mass Site in the Philippines
1. The first voyage around the world by Antonio Pigafetta
2. Butuan or Limasawa? The site of the First Mass in the Philippines by
Miguel A. Bernard
B. Cavite Mutiny
1. The Two Faces of the 1872 Cavite Mutiny by Chris Antonette Piedad-
Pugay
1. a. Spanish Version: Planned Conspiracy
1. b. Filipino Version: A Response to Injustice
1. c.Unvarying Truth
C. The Retraction Controversy of Rizal
1. Text of Rizal’s Alleged Retraction
2. Comparison of Documents
3. Different Sources
4. Analysis Rizal’s Retraction: Forging Rizal, 1 by Gemma Cruz Araneta
5. Rizal’s Handwriting
6. The Debate
D. Pugadlawin, Balintawak or Bahay Toro?
1. Balintawak: the cry for a nationwide revolution by Guerrero, Encarnacion,
and Villegas
2. Cry of Pugadlawin by Pio Valenzuela
3. Cry of Balintawak by Guillermo Masangkay
4. Other Historical Controversies
4.a. The Bud Dajo Event: Battle of Massacre?
4.b. The Trial and Death of Andres Bonifacio
4.c. The Apolinario Mabini’s Syphilis Rumors
4.d. The Jabidah Massacre
4.e Emilio Aguinaldo: Hero or Gangster?
4.f. The Assassination of Antonio Luna
4.g. Gregorio Del Pilar: Hero or Traitor?
4.h. Jose P. Laurel Sr.: Hero or Traitor?
4.i. Artemio Ricarte: Hero or Traitor?

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 4.j. The Plaza Miranda Bombing
4.k. Assassination of Ninoy Aquino
4.l. Aquino and Cojuangco
4.m. Ferdinand E. Marcos: Does he deserve a hero’s burial?

V. Social, Political, Economic, and Cultural Issues in Philippine History

A. Agrarian Reform Policies
B. The Philippine Constitution
1. what is a constitution?
2. the 1887 constitution of Biak-na-bato
3. the 1899 Malolos constitution
4. Acts of the United States Congress
5. the 1935 constitution
6. the 1943 constitution
7. the 1973 constitution
8. the 1986 freedom constitution
9. the 1987 constitution
C. Taxation
1. what is taxation?
2. Philippine Taxation
3. Legal Bases of Philippine Taxation
4. Kinds of Taxes
5. Brief History of Philippine Taxation
6. What is the Tax Reform Program?
7. What is the TRAIN Law?

VI. Other Issues in Philippine History

A. Filipino Cultural Heritage
B. Filipino-American Relations
C. Government Peace Treaties with Muslim Filipinos
D. Institutional History of Schools, Corporations, Industries, and Religious
Groups

VII. Local and Oral History

A. what is local history?
B. what is oral history?
C. why study local history?
D. all history is local: the importance of local history in the Philippine
History by Henry F. Funtecha, Ph.D. ; The History of the Muslim in the
Philippines by Hannbal Bara

VIII. Museums and Historical Shrines

A. Museums
1. The National Museums of the Philippines
2. Museum vs. Art Gallery
3. List of other Museums in the Philippines
B. Historical Landmarks and UNESCO sites
1. Cultural Sites
2. Natural Sites
3. Tentative List

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IX. Cultural Performances and Indigenous Practices
A. Visual Arts
B. Dance
C. Literature and Theater
D. Music

X. Fiesta and Festivals, Rites and Rituals

A. Famous Fiestas and Festivals in the Philippines
B. Other Fiestas and Festivals

“For I know the plans I have for you, declares the Lord, plans for welfare
and not for evil, to give you a hope and a future.”

Jeremiah 29:11

GOD BLESS EVERYONE

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