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    Urinary System Regulation of Fluid Balance

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    Quỳnh Nguyễn
    The document discusses the regulation of fluid balance by the urinary system. It describes the two types of nephrons and how the kidney regulates water excretion and urine osmolarity. Key hormones that regulate fluid balance are antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system coordinates the release of these hormones to maintain fluid homeostasis. Excess fluid volume is balanced through diuresis, increased urine output achieved through water diuresis, osmotic diuresis, or use of diuretic drugs.

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    Urinary System Regulation of Fluid Balance

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    Quỳnh Nguyễn
    25 views8 pages
    The document discusses the regulation of fluid balance by the urinary system. It describes the two types of nephrons and how the kidney regulates water excretion and urine osmolarity. Key hormones that regulate fluid balance are antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system coordinates the release of these hormones to maintain fluid homeostasis. Excess fluid volume is balanced through diuresis, increased urine output achieved through water diuresis, osmotic diuresis, or use of diuretic drugs.

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    Urinary system Regulation of fluid balance

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    The document discusses the regulation of fluid balance by the urinary system. It describes the two types of nephrons and how the kidney regulates water excretion and urine osmolarity. Key hormones that regulate fluid balance are antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system coordinates the release of these hormones to maintain fluid homeostasis. Excess fluid volume is balanced through diuresis, increased urine output achieved through water diuresis, osmotic diuresis, or use of diuretic drugs.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    25 views8 pages

    Urinary System Regulation of Fluid Balance

    Uploaded by

    Quỳnh Nguyễn
    The document discusses the regulation of fluid balance by the urinary system. It describes the two types of nephrons and how the kidney regulates water excretion and urine osmolarity. Key hormones that regulate fluid balance are antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system coordinates the release of these hormones to maintain fluid homeostasis. Excess fluid volume is balanced through diuresis, increased urine output achieved through water diuresis, osmotic diuresis, or use of diuretic drugs.

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    of 8

    11/12/2021

    URINARY SYSTEM – 4
    REGULATION OF FLUID BALANCE

    Giảng viên : ThS. BS. Đặng Nguyễn Tường Vân


    (dntvan@medvnu.edu.vn)

    Bài giảng lý thuyết trực tuyến Khoa Y – ĐHQG HCM |1

    2 types of nephron

    ThS. BS. Đặng Nguyễn Tường Vân


    Khoa Y – ĐHQG - HCM

    1
    11/12/2021

    Osmolarity & volume in tubules


    • Only water excreted by the kidney can be
    regulated
    • Normal urine mOsM changes with body’s need

    ThS. BS. Đặng Nguyễn Tường Vân


    Khoa Y – ĐHQG - HCM |3

    Tubule permeability to
    solutes & H2O
     Standing osmotic
    gradient in medulla
     Descending thin loop
    of Henle: permeable
    to H2O but not Na+
     Deep thin loop of
    Henle: permeable to
    H2O & Na+
     Ascending loop of
    Henle: permeable to
    Na+, K+ & Cl- but not
    H2O
    ThS. BS. Đặng Nguyễn Tường Vân
    Vasa recta
    Khoa Y – ĐHQG - HCM

    2
    11/12/2021

    ADH (Anti-Diuretic Hormon)

     ↑ H2O
    reabsorption in
    distal tubule &
    collecting duct
     Acts to dilute
    ECF
    osmolarity & ↑
    blood pressure

    ThS. BS. Đặng Nguyễn Tường Vân


    Khoa Y – ĐHQG - HCM

    ADH & aquaporins

    ThS. BS. Đặng Nguyễn Tường Vân 6


    Khoa Y – ĐHQG - HCM

    3
    11/12/2021

    Aldosterone

     ↑ reabsorption
    of Na+ &
    secretion of K+
    by principal
    cells
     Acts to ↑ ECF
    osmolarity &
    blood pressure

    ThS. BS. Đặng Nguyễn Tường Vân


    Khoa Y – ĐHQG - HCM

    ThS. BS. Đặng Nguyễn Tường Vân 8


    Khoa Y – ĐHQG - HCM

    4
    11/12/2021

    Renin-Angiotensin
    Aldosterone System (RAAS)

    • RAAS = coordinated response increases 2


    vasoconstrictors (ADH, ANGII) & aldosterone in circulation

    ThS. BS. Đặng Nguyễn Tường Vân 9


    Khoa Y – ĐHQG - HCM

    ThS. BS. Đặng Nguyễn Tường Vân 10


    Khoa Y – ĐHQG - HCM

    10

    5
    11/12/2021

    Excess volume

    ThS. BS. Đặng Nguyễn Tường Vân 11


    Khoa Y – ĐHQG - HCM

    11

    Diuresis
    • Diuresis ↑ loss of body water to urine >1mL/min
    1. Water diuresis: ↓ osmolarity of plasma &/or ↑
    blood volume → ↓ ADH → ↑ urine output
    2. Osmotic diuresis: osmotically active substance
    (glucose, mannitol) → ↑ urine output
    3. Diuretics = drugs that increase loss of body
    water primarily by inhibiting Na+ reabsorption
    by renal tubule. Diuretics act at different
    segments of the renal tubule → ↑ urine output

    ThS. BS. Đặng Nguyễn Tường Vân 12


    Khoa Y – ĐHQG - HCM

    12

    6
    11/12/2021

    Types of diuretics

    ThS. BS. Đặng Nguyễn Tường Vân 13


    Khoa Y – ĐHQG - HCM

    13

    ThS. BS. Đặng Nguyễn Tường Vân 14


    Khoa Y – ĐHQG - HCM

    14

    7
    11/12/2021

    ThS. BS. Đặng Nguyễn Tường Vân


    Khoa Y – ĐHQG - HCM | 15

    15

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