The United Kingdom

The otficial name of the UK is the "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland".

. England - The capital is London.

. Scotland - The capital is Edinburgh .
. Wales - The capital is Cardiff.
. Northern Ireland - The capital is Belfast.

. ,-:: The capital of the UK is London

The United Kingdom (UK) was formed in on Januar/.l, l8qldnd constitutes the greater
il;ril;ril,fii;il.8;r";;id;inil;;r"d"aY"jffi ,h;;;r*t,i""butwhen
ttre trish Free State ceased to bffiof the Union the title changed to include ilorthem
ra,ff
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,

Ireland. V
The British Isles is a geographically term which includes two large islands, Great
Britain and lreland, and i,000 small islands. The largest island in the British Isles is
Great Britain (England, W@
,
The British lsles

The UK has a long different invasion_s, including a brief

---) entry by the Romans i area was ffi 6itTli6 Norman Conque st,
which aided in its
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Jan Feb Mar Apr May ,Iln ful Aug Sep 0u Nov 0ec Jan Feb ldar Apr l#y Jun JulAug Sep htNor hc

3. POPULATION AND LAND USE

The population of Great Britain is an average population density of about
230 inhabitants/kmawith over 80% of thei in towns.
-) For many centuries lay in estates ranging in size from a few hundred
hectares upwards, comprising farms of varying sizes let to tenants, Due to social changes and
heavy estate duties, farms were sold and many were bought by the tenants, About half the farms
in Great Britain today are owner occupied. The trend is towards larger units, particularly for arable
farming.
Of the total area of Great Britain of 24 million ha, about 7 million ha is arable land, I I million ha
permanent grassland, 2 million ha is forested land and the rest, 4 million ha, is built on or
wasteland.
In 1282 the UK took over the independent Kingdom of Wales under Edward I and in
1301, his son, Edward II, was made the Prince of Wales in an effort to appease the Welsh
people according to the United States Depa{mqnt of State. The oldest son of the British
monarch is still giu"n this title today. (iStO Erlgland and W^ales becarne an official
union. In 1603, England and Scotland alsoeamgfln<ler the same rule when James VI
succccdcfE,lizabcth l, his cousin, to become James t of England. A little over 100 years
later in{7A7, England and Scotland became unified as Great Britain.
\\_---l / -->-

In the early 17th century Ireland became increasingly settled by people from Scotland
and EnglanO ap+Enlland sought control of the area (as it had for many centuries before).
On January t ( t tO t , /egislative union between aSgllglg4-and lreland took place and
the region bechmffiown as the United Kingdom. However throughout the l9th and 20th
centuries Ireland continuously fought for its independence. As a result in l92l the Anglo-
Irish Treaty established the Irish Free State (which later became an independent republic.
Northem Ireland however, remained a part of the UK which is today made up of that
region as well as England, Scotland and Wales.

History of the English Language

The tigure below shows the timeline of the history of the ish language. The earliest
known residents of the British Isles were the Celts, raiho
separate branch ofthe Indo-European language the British
Isles were invaded and conquered by various peoples, who brought their languages and
customs with them as they settled in their new lives. There is now very little Celtic
influence left in English. The earliest time when we can say that English was spoken was
in the 5th century CE .

In case you hadn't made the connection, "England" <- "Engla Land" <- "Angle Land"
(Land of the Angles, a people of northern old Germany). Their name lives on in the
district of England named East Angli4 and also in the Anglican Church. In the present
day there is still a region of Germany known as Angeln, which is likely the same area
from which the original Angles came. Angeln lies in Schleswig-Holstein on the eastern
side of the Jutland peninsula near the cities of Flensburg and Schleswig.

The lntemet
Renarssance Spanish,
Angtes. Saxons, Jutes Amencan lndian
Danes. Frisians I Amencan English
Romans Laun, Greek, Ciladian Englrsh
Norman Fronch French, ltahan Australisn Enghsh
Bfitish Enghsh
Celts
Chaucer / Shakespeare lrish English
lrish, Scott sh, V1,blsh, scottish English
Br6lon, Manx Arabic, Persi€n, Turkish,
Hindi, Malay lndnn Englisn
1000 i?) 1sl 5rh 11rh 1srh 1 7rh
BCE cenlury cenlury cenlury century century
LT CE CE CE CE

I ou enslsn I Middle English I Modem Engtrsh I