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12

Problem 5 Diode Circuits (20 points) 20

The current-controlled representation of a photodiode is given by
! "
id + iL
ud = rd (id ) = UT ln +1
Is

where UT denotes the thermal voltage, Is is the saturation current, and iL depends on the
illuminance but is considered to be constant.
In the operating point, the voltage across the diode is zero, i.e., Ud = 0.
a)* Find the current Id in the operating point. 1

√
! U "
d
Id = Is e UT −1 − iL = −iL

b) Linearize the current-controlled representation to obtain ud,lin = rd,lin (id ). 3

# #
r = du d#
did i =I
# = U T
Is 1#
id +iL +Is Is #i =I
= UT
Is
d d d d
ud,lin = r(id − Id) + Ud
ud,lin = UIsT (id + iL)
√√√

c) Draw the equivalent circuit diagram corresponding to rd,lin (id ). 2

UT
id Is

iL
ud,lin Is
UT

√√

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The following one-port with the port quantities u and i is the connection of two ideal diodes.
i id1 id2

ud1 ud2
u
d)* Derive the representation of this one-port. What is its equivalent circuit diagram? 3

The diode currents cannot be negative.

KCL: i = id1 = −id2
If one diode current were positive, the other diode current would
√
be negative. Therefore, the currents are zero.
The diode voltages cannot be positive.
KVL: u = ud1 − ud2
√
If u is negative, ud1 is also negative and for u > 0, ud2 < 0.
√
open circuit
The following one-port is the connection of an ideal diode and a nullator.
i id inull

ud unull
u
e)* Find a representation of the resulting one-port with port quantities u and i. Draw its 3
characteristic.
√
due to the nullator, i = 0
KVL: ud + unull = u, u = ud
√
since ud ≤ 0, u ≤ 0
i

u√

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The next one-port is the connection of an ideal diode and a norator.

i
inor
u ud unor
id

f)* Determine a representation of the one-port with the port quantities u and i. Draw its 3
characteristic.
√
ud ≤ 0, u ≥ 0
for u ≥ 0, the diode behaves like an open circuit and i is arbitrary
√
since the current of the norator can take any value
i

u√

Now suppose that a multi-port consists of only ideal diodes, gyrators, and transformers.
g)* Is the multi-port lossy? Justify your answer. 2

No, the multi-port is lossless since it is the connection of lossless

√√
elements.

Finally, the following circuit with two resistors, a voltage-source, and two ideal diodes is given.
h)* Draw the characteristic of the resulting one-port in the diagram. Don’t forget to label the axes. 3
i/A
4
i
3
2V 2
u
1
1S 1S −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4
u/V
−1
−2

Bridging Course Circuit Theory 1, 2016