METHODS DALCROZE KODALY ORFF WARD

Country of Vienna, Austria Hungary Germany America

Origin
Developed by Emil Jacques Dalcroze Zoltan Kodaly Carl Orff Justine Bayard Ward
(1865-1950) (1882-1967) (1895-1982) (1879-1975)

Philosophy/ Dalcroze believed that -all students can -children learn The Ward Method
aims students who are and should learn through play focuses on
taught to appreciate music. and games are singing as the
music through -start teaching their textbook. foundation of
physicality would children early on. -game playing is musical instruction.
develop a greater sense -should be taught universal to Children
of rhythm, harmony by highly trained children, with learn to express
and melody. individuals. similar type themselves
-singing should be games (such as musically in much the
the first form of stone passing) same way
musical found in that they do in the
engagement. different spoken word.
countries on The method makes
different no use of
continents. extraneous musical
-the game / fun instruments,
feel allows for but relies instead on
easy repetition. a child’s
-an all-inclusive own experience with
approach to singing and
learning. body movement.
-children to Philosophy.
perform, create,
improvise, The structure of
listen, analyze. method itself comes
Students to from the knowledge
become self- that elementary
sufficient aged children
musically. (especially in the first
-Orff considered and second grades)
the percussive do not learn in
rhythm as a generalities, but tend
natural basic to focus,
form of human instead, on specific
expression. parts of a whole
before applying
knowledge more
broadly. The Ward
method makes use
of this fact in that it
subdivides music
into discrete
elements which are
taught individually
before
recombining them to
make a whole.
Skills and  Students listen  Teachers  The Orff -voice production
Activities to the rhythm of are approac -ear training
involved a music piece encourage h also -rhythm
and express d to use requires -notation
 what they hear games and that -improvisation
through images to children
movement. illustrate sing,
Simply put, this the chant,
approach techniques clap,
connects music, and dance,
movement, methods. pat and
mind and body.  Students snap
 Students are should fingers
typically experience along to
barefoot and music melodies
moving in before and
response to seeing the rhythms.
music: arms, notation on
legs, heads, the paper.
around the
room, by
themselves, in
groups, etc.
Materials used The Kodaly Some of the
Method is a way of instruments
developing musical within the
skills and teaching approach
musical concepts include
beginning in very miniature
young children. xylophones,
This method marimbas,
uses folk songs, glockenspiels,
Curwen hand and
signs, pictures, metallophones;
movable-do, all of which
rhythm symbols, have removable
and syllables. bars, resonating
columns to
project the
sound, and are
easily
transported and
stored. Orff
teachers also
use different
sized drums,
recorders, and
non- pitched
percussion
instruments "to
round out the
songs that are
sung and
played.