Benefits of PAPAYA

TO GOATS

Benefits of Chicken Manure

Don’t despair; manure can be one of the greatest assets for a home gardener! Although chicken manure is too strong to
be used raw on your flowers or vegetables, it can be composted and converted to “black gold”. If used without
composting it could damage roots and possibly kill your plants, however, once it is composted chicken manure is:

A good soil amendment, chicken manure adds organic matter and increases the water holding capacity and beneficial
biota in soil.

A good fertilizer; chicken manure provides Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium to you plants (more than horse, cow or
steer manure).

Judy Duncan, 2005. Composting Chicken Manure, WSU Cooperative Extension, King County Master Gardener and
Cooperative Extension Livestock Advisor. http://www.tilthalliance.org/learn/resources-1/city-
chickens/compostingchickenmanure#:~:text=Benefits%20of%20Chicken%20Manure&text=A%20good%20soil
%20amendment%2C%20chicken,%2C%20cow%20or%20steer%20manure).

Which soils benefit most from poultry litter?

The review revealed that an increase in crop yield associated with poultry litter application was most likely to occur in
acidic soils, while little to no response was observed for neutral or basic soils. The benefit to acidic soils was attributed
to a liming effect from poultry litter. Poultry litter treated with an acidifier in the production house to reduce ammonia
emissions is typically about pH 7.0. Without the acidifying agent, the pH is approximately 8.0

Rick Koelsch, MONDAY, DECEMBER 23, 2019, Poultry Litter’s Agronomic and Natural Resource Benefits, UNIVERSITY
of NEBRASKA–LINCOLN, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources. https://water.unl.edu/article/animal-manure-
management/poultry-litter%E2%80%99s-agronomic-and-natural-resource-benefits

Goat – Mango

In contrast to the others, this farm is clean because the cover crop (carabao grass) is always maintained low by the
continuous grazing of the livestock animals. The mango-livestock-carabao grass in fact transformed the farm into one
with a pleasing landscape.

Goats and sheep are raised in a mango farm.

With goats, the lowermost branches of trees must be high enough to prevent nibbling of twigs and tips

In effect, ruminant animals which graze freely around a farm become biological mowers. It is also known that their
movement tends to disturb the insect pests which take refuge on ground covers.

Ben G. Bareja and Efren M. Sioquim, 2010.

Small ruminants integrated with tree cropping

This system is especially feasible in South and Southeast Asia and the Pacific islands because of the area under tree crops
(coconuts, oil-palm and rubber) and is especially common in the humid and subhumid regions where there is intensive
crop production. Although not new, the system has not been given adequate attention to ensure more complete
utilization of the land. Its advantages are:

- increased fertility of land via the return of dung and urine

- control of waste herbage growth

- reduced use and cost of weed-killers

- reduced fertilizer wastage

- easier management of the crop

- distinct possibilities of increased crop yields consistent with greater economic development, including the sale of
animals and their products.

C. Devendra, Undated. Potential integration of small ruminants with tree-cropping systems in Asia and the South Pacific.
Food and Agriculture Organization. http://www.fao.org/3/T8600T/t8600T0a.htm

There are a number of tree-cropping systems in Southeast Asia, the importance of which is related to primary or
secondary functions. Nitis (1986) refers to examples of crops of the following systems:

- Fodder production: acacia (Acacia sp.), Leucaena leucocephala

- Fruit production: cashew (Anacardium occidentale), coconuts (Cocos nucifera), mango (Mangifera indica), oil-palm
(Elaeis guineensis) and tamarind (Tamarindus indica)

- Manure production: Caliandra eryophila, L. leucocephala

- Protection and shade: Ficus sp., L. leucocephala

- Wood production: C. eryophila, Gliricidia sepium and Erythrina variagata

- Miscellaneous: ornamental or ceremonial reasons, e.g. Ficus religiosa.

Nitis, I.M. 1986. Production systems based on tree cropping. In Proc. IDRC/SR-CRSP Workshop on Small Ruminant
Production Systems in South and South East Asia, Bogor, Indonesia, p. 101 117. Ottawa, IDRC.
There is need to integrate agriculture, horticulture, fisheries and other allied enterprises like apiculture, sericulture,
mushroom cultivation etc. with livestock which holds promise for this region in a scientific way for improvement in the
livelihood of marginal, small and medium household farm families. The resource use efficiency at present level is poor
du e to lack of adoption of appropriate farming system models. Good quality of fertile land, rich water endowments,
biodiversity and manpower can be used in an integrated manner in a farming system mode by recycling of wastes to
secure high resource use efficiency and improved livelihood.

Kumar, Sanjeev & Dey, Amitava & Kumar, Ujjwal & Chandra, Naresh & Bhatt, Bhagwati. (2012). Integrated farming
system for improving agricultural productivity.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308918796_Integrated_farming_system_for_improving_agricultural_produc
tivity/citation/download

It is then clear that IFS does not only increase income but also retain soil nutrition and production sustainability. If
wisely sustained and immediately expanded, IFS can be called as an answer to famine and poverty. (### Leila
Denisse E. Padilla) https://www.bar.gov.ph/index.php/news-and-events/546-2011-12-integrated-farming-system

Fodder from trees is very valuable in upland farming systems particularly during the dry season. The use of tree
fodder is quite limited in sugarcane farming systems, except after the end of cane harvesting. A larger amount and
longer period of fodder tree utilization is observed in coconut farming system.

Better animal performance is observed with increasing levels of tree fodder in animal ration. The use of other
fodder trees may have limitations in terms of palatability for cattle but not for sheep and goats

FAO
here is need to integrate agriculture,
horticulture,
sheries and other allied enterprises like
apiculture, sericulture, mushroom
cultivation etc.