OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND

HEALTH MANAGEMENT
(XBOH2103)

OPEN UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA

CHE HAZWANI BINTI CHE MANSOR
chehazwani@oum.edu.my
 TOPIC 2

SAFETY AND HEALTH

PROGRAMME
 Safety and Health Program
• Under OSHA, an organization is required to have a safety and
health plan to prevent incidents and accidents.
• A measurable goal of safety and health program need to be
established to measure the effectiveness of the performance
and achievement.
• Some factors that may affect the safety and health program
are low commitment and limited resources provided by the
management.
• Established by the Safety and Health Committee with the
consensus of the management. Legal requirements act as a
guide for developing the plan.
• The effective implementation of a safety and health program
is expected to reduce unwanted incidents or accidents and
property damage.
 SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM’s OBJECTIVES
• Direction and commitment for safety and health which includes
policies and procedures for all employees and other interested
parties;
• All misunderstanding and misconceptions clarified (related to
specific S&H activity/ issues);
• The practice of safety and health is part of the performance
measurement objectives;
• Written safety and health rules and procedures for everyone to
follow;
• All activities integrated with safety and health requirements;
and
• Proper communication tools are established for S&H
communication.
 THE BENEFIT OF SAFETY AND HEALTH
PROGRAM TO THE ORGANISATION
(a) ↓ company’s insurance premium;
(b) ↓ indirect costs of accidents;
(c) Prevents potential negative impact on the
company’s image or reputation;
(d) ↓ physiological effects due to accidents;
(e) ↓ long term/ permanent disability cases;
(f) ↑ employee morale and loyalty;
(g) ↑ productivity; and
(h) Makes employees proud to be a part of the company.
 FACTORS DETERMINING THE SUCCESS OF
A SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM

4 factors:
• The Management’s Commitment and
Employees’ Involvement;
• Worksite Analysis;
• Hazards Prevention and Control; and
• Safety and Health Training.
 FACTORS DETERMINING THE SUCCESS OF A S&H PROGRAM

(1) The Management’s Commitment and Employees’ Involvement

• A written safety and health policy with these elements:
i. Responsibility and accountability;
ii. Management visibility and support; and
iii. Management representative in the S&H consultative committee.

Reviewed
periodically

Clear goals and S&H Measurable & can

objectives Policy be evaluated

Communicate to
all employees
 FACTORS DETERMINING THE SUCCESS OF A S&H PROGRAM

(1) The Management’s Commitment and Employees’ Involvement

Examples of Safety and Health Program:

• Hazards Communication Program
• Personal Protective Equipment
• Emergency Action Plan
• Respiratory Protection
• Fire Prevention Plan
• Process Safety Management
• Emergency Response Plan
• Incident Investigation
• Permit-Required Confined Space Plan
• Safety and Health Audit
 FACTORS DETERMINING THE SUCCESS OF A S&H PROGRAM

The Management’s Commitment and Employees’

Involvement
• The management has to assign a person to be
responsible for each of the program and given
them an adequate authority for the
implementation.
• Adequate supply of resources required:
i) Financial resources;
ii) Technological/Knowledge resources; and
iii) Human resources.
• The effectiveness of the program can be gauged
through audits.
 FACTORS DETERMINING THE SUCCESS OF A S&H PROGRAM

(2) Worksite Analysis

• To identify hazards and potential hazards that may
exist in work processes and in the working
environment.
i. Comprehensive periodical surveys on hazards
identification;
ii. Analysis new processes, methods, materials,
equipment and installation;
iii. Conduct job hazards analysis;
iv. Regular site safety and health inspection; and
v. Provide a system that is reprisal-free for employees,
which will notify
vi. Management of hazardous conditions.
 FACTORS DETERMINING THE SUCCESS OF A S&H PROGRAM

(3) Hazard Prevention and Control

• Once hazards/ potential hazards are identified, the
management must establish procedures to prevent exposure
to employees and to control the hazards.

• The procedures should include the hierarchy of control to

ensure that the priority for hazards prevention is followed
accordingly as below:
i. Elimination;
ii. Substitution;
iii. Isolation;
iv. Engineering control;
v. Administrative control; and
vi. Personal protective equipment (PPE).
 FACTORS DETERMINING THE SUCCESS OF A S&H PROGRAM

(3) Hazard Prevention and Control

 FACTORS DETERMINING THE SUCCESS OF A S&H PROGRAM

(4) Safety and Health Training

Training and education help to ensure that employees are

adequately trained and to raise their awareness on workplace
safety and health.
Effective safety and health training addresses the following:
i. The responsibility of everyone in the organisation to ensure
that everyone is aware of their responsibilities and know what
to do with regards to safety and health programs;
ii. Integrates safety and health training into other trainings; and
iii. Defines the complexity of the safety and health training,
depending on the size and complexity of the workplace and
the nature of hazards that employees are exposed to.
 FACTORS DETERMINING THE SUCCESS OF A S&H PROGRAMME
(4) Safety and Health Training
• Upon completion of training, employees are expected to have
better knowledge and understanding of the hazards that they may
be exposed to and be able to explain and help the management on
how they can prevent themselves from injury or accident.
• Supervisors are expected to be more knowledgeable on safety and
health to enable them to carry out their safety and health
responsibilities, which include:
i. Analyzing the work under their supervision to identify potential
hazards;
ii. Maintaining physical protection measures at the workplace;
iii. Reinforcing employee training through continual performance
feedback; and
iv. safe work practices.