TON DUC THANG UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES

001157 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

INTRODUCTION
Lecturer: Tran Khanh Nhi
WHO IS THIS LADY? 2020?
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 Name Price
COVID-19
VACCINE Pfizer-BioNtech $19.50

Moderna $25-37

AstraZeneca $2.15-5

Johnson & Johnson $10

Russia’s Sputnik V $10

Sinovac Biotech $29.75

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https://www.biospace.com/article/comparing-covid-19-vaccines-pfizer-biontech-moderna-astrazeneca-oxford-j-and-j-russia-s-sputnik-v/
 Dame Sarah Gilbert 2020
British vaccinologist AstraZeneca
The University of Oxford 001157-TRAN KHANH NHI 4
WORK IN GROUPS
- Team leader asks the questions.
Discuss and answer the - One team member takes note.
questions. - Team members take turn to
What is research? ­ give 2 ideas/question;
­ cannot repeat the previous
Why do we do research? ideas.
Time: 15 minutes - Discuss and highlight the three
best ones.
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WHAT IS RESEARCH?
“Research is a process through
which new knowledge is
discovered.” (Salkind, 2012:3)
“Research is a process of steps
used a collect and analyze
information to increase our
understanding of a topic or
issue.” (Creswell, 2012:3)
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WHAT IS RESEARCH?

Encounter a Find Improve the

problem solutions situation

Ask a question Collect data Present an answer

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WHY DO WE DO RESEARCH?

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 WHY DO WE DO RESEARCH?
English Teaching Field
The Post
Method Era
The
Methods
The Direct Era
Method
The Reform
Movement
The
Grammar-
Translation
Method
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 RESEARCH PROCESS
(Salkind, 2012:6)
1. Asking the question
2. Identifying the important factors
3. Formulating a hypothesis
4. Collecting relevant information
5. Testing the hypothesis
6. Working with the hypothesis
7. Reconsidering the theory
8. Asking new question
(Creswell, 2012:7)
1. Identifying a research problem
2. Reviewing the literature
3. Specifying a purpose for research
4. Collecting data
5. Analyzing and interpreting the data
6. Reporting and evaluating research
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A MODEL OF SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY (Salkind, 2012:6)
1

8 2

7 3

6 4

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 (Creswell, 2012:8) Identifying Specifying a problem
a research Justifying it
Suggesting the need to study it for audiences
problem
Deciding on audiences
Structuring the report Reporting and Reviewing Locating resources
Writing the report evaluating the Selecting resources
sensitively research literature Summarizing resources

Identifying the purpose

Breaking down the data Analyzing and Specifying a statement
Representing the data interpreting purpose for Narrowing the purpose
Explaining the data data research statement to research
questions of hypotheses

Collecting Selecting individuals to study

data Obtaining permissions 001157-TRAN KHANH NHI 14
Gathering information
DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH (Salkind, 2012)
Nonexperimental research Experimental research
1. Descriptive research 1. True experimental research
2. Correlational research 2. Quasi-experimental research
3. Qualitative research

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 RESEARCH PROCESS

Flow of the Research Process through Research Problem

Quantitative and Qualitative Research
Literature Review
(Creswell, 2012:12)
Research Questions

Quantitative Research Qualitative Research

Research Designs

Quantitative Designs Combined Designs Qualitative

• Experimental • Mixed methods • Grounded theory
• Correlational • Action research • Ethnography
• Survey • Narrative

Sampling Instruments/Protocols Data Analysis Interpretation

Discussion, Conclusions, Limitations, Future Research

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WORK IN GROUPS

Listen to/read the script from TedTalk “What makes a good life?”
Guess what Harvard’s researchers have done at each step.
Time: 20 minutes

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HOMEWORK

1. What are the fundamental features of a researcher that will

help them to achieve excellence?

2. What are your problems? List 10 of them.

3. Analyze the research process of the paper “An apple a day

keeps doctor away”.
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THANK YOU! Have a good day.

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