21st Century Literature

from the Philippines and the

World
Learning Activity Sheets
Quarter 2: Weeks 1 to 8

DIVISION OF ANGELES CITY

 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
Quarter 2: Weeks 1-3

WRITING A CLOSE ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL INTERPRETATION OF LITERARY TEXTS

Name of Learner: __________________________________________________________

Section: _________________________________ Date: __________________________

Background Information:
Teaching 21st Century Philippine Literature is a daunting task. It is challenging primarily because
we are only a few years into the century, so we have a relatively limited range of texts to choose from.
With canonical works from the 20th, or in the previous centuries, one only needs to dust off old books from
public or private collections; or, with the internet, download their digital versions. This rapid transit and
transmission of literary data have been predicted before in letters that one particular German literary critic
has written to so many of his colleagues. His name is Johann Wolfgang von Goethe who coined the term
weltliteratur, which means “world literature.” He had said then that the concept of weltliteratur is meant to
be a two-way process: that literature may be shared by one nation to the other so that it is a give-and-take
process.
In the Philippines, literary journalism has also been the genre of choice among writers, including
the late National Artist for Literature Jose Dalisay, Krip Yuson and Nick Joaquin, by name of Nicomedes
Joaquin in particular, wrote regular literary de Manila. At a time when literature was still considered
aesthetically superior to journalistic writing, Notable works “Cave and Shadows”, “The Aquinos of Tarlac:
An Essay on History of Three Generations”, “The Woman Who Had Two Navels”, “A Portrait of the Artist
as Filipino”. Joaquin was well-known as a historian of the brief Golden Age of Spain, as a writer of short
stories, suffused with folk roman catholicism, as a playwright, and as a novelist. “No Stones Unturned'' by
Candy Canezo Diez, a human rights defender campaigning on various issues on peace and conflict.
Hence, not so well known authors and not so well known texts inherently marginal on account of
their provenance are inscribed into the fluid and ever-evolving field of literary studies. 21st Century
Literature also calls for the employment of genres generally considered non-traditional. This century’s
literature, for example, is characterized by the reinvention of old genres especially because of new
technological advances that necessarily entail such reconfiguration. There is, for instance, hyperpoetry, a
kind of poetry that could not be read without a computer. A poem of this kind can be presented with moving
images or is electronically linked to other poems. There is also a Blog, not really a new genre, but a
relatively new way through which a literary text is shared through the internet and allows feedback from
the reader. It has been proven countless times that literature has the capacity to reach and touch people
from all walks of life and is easily translated into other languages which some may also download for free
from the internet.
Defining the literature of an era entails much more than looking at publishing dates. That 21st
Century Literature refers to “all works written from 2001 onwards” is vague and inadequate. As with all
literary periods, it must be seen as part of a broader context. The new millennium has seen massive
events such as the terrorist attacks in New York and other parts of the world. the Arab Spring, the global
recession, the legalization of same-sex marriage in some regions of US and Europe, the election of the
first Latin American Pope, among others. These events have no doubt distilled into the themes of recent
literary works. At most, we could only examine what the 21st century has produced thus far,and form our
own observations.
21st Century Literature also calls for the employment of genres generally considered non-
traditional. It is characterized by the reinvention of old genres especially because of new technological
advances that necessarily entail such configuration. It has been proven countless times that literature has
the capacity to reach and touch people from all walks of life and is easily translated into other languages
which some may also download for free from the internet.
With canonical works from the 20th, or in the previous centuries, one only needs to dust off old books
from public or private collections; or, with the internet, download their digital versions. This rapid transit
and transmission of literary data have been predicted before in letters that one particular German literary
critic has written to so many of his colleagues. His name is Johann Wolfgang von Goethe who coined
the term weltliteratur, which means “world literature.” He had said then that the concept of
weltliteratur is meant to be a two-way process: that literature may be shared by one nation to the other
so that it is a give-and-take process.
Literature of the World
There is a lot to be said about the diversity and universality of world literature. Learning about the
literature of other nations allows you to also open yourself to other cultures that you may not be familiar
with. In doing so, you are also opening yourself to understand how the world outside of your own work.
A literary text may be critiqued using different approaches. Approaches may correspond to
different, even conflicting, school of thought pertaining to how literature as a whole should be viewed and
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treated. A good example is the common themes of diaspora in Asian and African literature, magic realism
in Latin American literature, and societal issues in the classical literature of Europe and North America.
Critical Approaches to Literature
Critical approaches refer to the different perspectives we consider when looking at a piece of
literature. They seek to give us answers to these questions, in addition to aiding us in interpreting a literary
work: 1. What do we read? 2. Why do we read? 3. How do we read?
Critical approaches to literature reveal how or why a particular literary work is constructed and
what its social and cultural implications are. Understanding critical perspectives will help the reader see
and appreciate a literary work as a multilayered construct of meaning.

21ST CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE WORLD

1. ASIAN LITERATURE
This refers to the literature of the people in China, Japan, India and other small nations
surrounding them.
AUTHORS AND REPRESENTATIVE TEXTS FROM ASIA
A. Latiff Mohidin is a poet and a painter who was born in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
He has been known as a “Boy Wonder” since he was 11 because of the artistry of his works. He
has attended schools under various scholarships in Berlin, Germany; Paris, France; and New
York, USA. He is considered to be one of Malaysia’s most treasured living artists.
Literary Work: “In the Midst of Hardship” is a poem that reminds us that life has its ups and
downs. It puts forward the idea that life is not always comfortable and safe. There are good times
and there are difficult or precarious times.
CRITICAL APPROACH:

❖ Formalism refers to a critical approach that analyzes, interprets, or evaluates the inherent
features of a text. These features include not only grammar and syntax but also literary devices
such as meter and figures of speech. The formalist approach reduces the importance of a text’s
historical, biographical and cultural context.

Questions to ask:

1.) What is the structure of the piece? 2.) What imagery is used? 3.) What symbols help
convey a message? 4.) What is the main theme of the literary work?

B. Arundhati Roy is an Indian author best known for her novel The God of Small Things (1997),
which won the Man Booker Prize for Fiction in 1997 and became the best-selling book by a non-
expatriate Indian author. She is also a political activist involved in human rights and
environmental causes.

Literary Work: “The Ministry of Utmost Happiness” is at once an aching love story and a
decisive remonstration. It is told in a whisper, in a shout, through tears and sometimes with a
laugh. Its heroes are people who have been broken by the world they live in and then rescued,
mended by love – and by hope. The Ministry of Utmost Happiness by Arundhati Roy
(goodreads.com)

CRITICAL APPROACH:

❖ Marxism is based on the political and economic theories of Karl Marx, German philosopher
(1818-1883). It deals with the struggles of social and economic classes. The current struggle in
modern history is the struggle between the rich (bourgeoisies) and the poor (proletariat).

Questions to ask:

How are the conflicts in the work connected to the struggle between the haves and have nots?
owners and workers? rich and poor?

What social/economic forces affect the author's writing?

How does the work suggest that life in a Bourgeois society is empty?
● The pursuit of wealth and power is meaningless.
● Money cannot buy happiness.

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2. NORTH AMERICAN LITERATURE

Most of the literature written in North America has been written in English. English has been the
language of most people living in North America since at least 1800.
AUTHORS AND REPRESENTATIVE TEXTS
A. Yann Martel is a Canadian author best known for the Man Booker Prize-winning novel Life of Pi, an
international bestseller published in more than 50 territories.

Literary Work: Life of Pi is the story of a young man who survives a harrowing shipwreck and
months in a lifeboat with a large Bengal tiger named Richard Parker.

B. John Michael Green is an American author and YouTube content creator. He won the 2006
Printz Award for his debut novel, Looking for Alaska, and his fourth solo novel, The Fault in Our
Stars, debuted at number one on The New York Times Best Seller list in January 2012.

Literary Work: The Fault In Our Stars is a fabulous book about a young teenage girl who has
been diagnosed with lung cancer and attends a cancer support group.

CRITICAL APPROACH:

❖ New Criticism emphasizes explication, or close reading of the work itself. Essentially, with close
reading, the reader will pay close attention to what is said and how it is written.

Questions to ask:

1.) What does the form of the work say about its content?
2.) How does the work use imagery to develop its own symbols?
3.) How are the various parts of the work interconnected?
4.) How do paradox, irony, ambiguity, and tension work in the text?
5.) How do these parts and their collective whole contribute to or not contribute to the aesthetic
quality of the work?
6.) How does the author resolve apparent contradictions within the work?
7.) How do the rhythms and/or rhyme schemes of a poem contribute to the meaning or effect of
the piece?

3. EUROPEAN LITERATURE
It refers to the literature written in the context of Western culture in the languages of Europe,
including the ones belonging to the Indo-European language family.

AUTHORS AND REPRESENTATIVE TEXTS

A. Joanne Kathleen Rowling (J.K Rowling) is a British author, philanthropist, film producer,
television producer, and screenwriter. She is best known for writing the Harry Potter fantasy
series, which has won multiple awards and sold more than 500 million copies, becoming
the best-selling book series in history.

Literary Work: Harry Potter Series narrated the lives of a young wizard, Harry Potter, and his
friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of
Witchcraft and Wizardry.
B. Aleksandar Hemon is a Bosnian-American fiction writer, essayist, and critic. His best known
novels are Nowhere Man (2002) and The Lazarus Project (2008).

Literary Work: The Lazarus Project features the true story of the death of Lazarus Averbuch, a
teenaged Jewish immigrant to Chicago who was shot and killed by a police officer in 1908.

CRITICAL APPROACH:
❖ Romanticism emphasizes the emotions and imagination within the human being. It was a
movement that responded against the disillusionment of the Enlightenment values of reason
after the French Revolution of 1789. It presents humans as free entities who can make their own
decisions without the influence of their environments.
4. LATIN AMERICAN LITERATURE
It consists of the oral and written literature of Latin America in several languages, particularly in
Spanish, Portuguese, and the indigenous languages of the Americas as well as literature of the United
States written in the Spanish language.

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AUTHORS AND REPRESENTATIVE TEXTS
A. Keira Cass is an American author who writes young-adult fiction. She has written six novels and
seven novellas. Cass's books have reached #1 on the New York Times Bestseller List, and
the Selection series in particular has been a massive success, selling millions of copies all over
the United States.

Literary Work: The Selection is a young adult novel by Kiera Cass first published on April 14,
2012 by HarperCollins. It is the first in a five-book series, followed by The Elite, The One, The
Heir and The Crown. The last two take place twenty years after the events in the first three.

CRITICAL APPROACH:

❖ Postmodernism- the idea of this first originated in architecture. It simply rejected the modernist
way of doing things- trying to make things new. It is a skeptical interpretation of culture, art,
history, architecture and literature. In this approach, interpretation is everything. Reality only
comes into being through our interpretations of what the world means to us. It marks the end of a
single world view. It resists unified, all-encompassing, and universally valid explanations.

5. AFRICAN LITERATURE
It refers to the literary works of the African continent which consist of a body of work in
different languages and various genres, ranging from oral literature to the ones written in colonial
languages (French, Portuguese and English)
AUTHORS AND REPRESENTATIVE TEXTS
A. Chinua Achebe was a Nigerian novelist, poet, professor, and critic. He was best known for
writing the novel, Things Fall Apart which was first printed in 1958. It is the most widely read
book in modern African literature.

Literary Work: “Things Fall Apart” is a prime example of African literature that demonstrates
the clash between cultures and peoples that occurred across the African continent as a
consequence of European colonialism.

CRITICAL APPROACH:

❖ Historical criticism is also known as the historical-critical method or higher criticism which
investigates the origins of ancient texts in order to understand "the world behind the text". It is a
form of literary criticism in the light of historical evidence or based on the context in which a work
was written, including facts about the author’s life and the historical and social circumstances of
the time.

Learning Competency with code:

Writing a close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts, applying a reading approach,
and doing an adaptation of these, require from the learner the ability to identify: representative texts and
authors from Asia, North America, Europe, Latin America, and Africa (EN12Lit-IIa-22)
Directions/Activities:
Activity A. Identify what is being asked/described in the following statements. (Representative Texts,
Authors and Critical Approaches). Write the letter of your choice on your answer sheet.

A. J.K Rowling G. New Criticism L. Harry Potter

B. Postmodernism H. Latiff Mohidin M. Yann Martel
C. In the Midst of Hardship I. The Lazarus Project N. Historical Criticism
D. Marxism J. Formalism O. Romanticism
E. Things Fall Apart K. John Green P. Chinua Achebe
F. Life of Pi

1. What is known as the historical-critical method or higher criticism which investigates the origins in
ancient texts in order to understand "the world behind the text?"

2. Who has been known as a “Boy Wonder” since he was 11 because of the artistry of his works?

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 3. Who is the British author, philanthropist, film producer, television producer, and screenwriter and
has been known for writing the Harry Potter fantasy series?

4. What refers to a poem that reminds us that life has its ups and downs?

5. What emphasizes explication, or close reading of the work itself?

6. What refers to a critical approach that analyzes, interprets, or evaluates the inherent features of
a text?

7. What book series narrated the lives of a young wizard, Harry Potter, and his friends Hermione
Granger and Ron Weasley, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and
Wizardry?
8. What is a prime example of African literature that demonstrates the clash between cultures and
peoples that occurred across the African continent as a consequence of European colonialism?
9. What literary work features the true story of the death of Lazarus Averbuch?
10. Who is the Canadian author best known for the Man Booker Prize-winning novel Life of Pi?
11. What presents humans as free entities who can make their own decisions without the influence
of their environments?
12. What refers to a skeptical interpretation of culture, art, history, architecture and literature?
13. Who was a Nigerian novelist, poet, professor, and critic? He was best known for writing the
novel, “Things Fall Apart” which was first printed in 1958?
14. Who is the American author who won the 2006 Printz Award for his debut novel, Looking for
Alaska?
15. What deals with the struggles of social and economic classes?

Activity B. Read and analyze the poem “The Street” and answer the following guide questions below.

THE STREET BY PAZ OCTAVIO LOZANO

Here is a long and silent street.
I walk in blackness and I stumble and fall
and rise, and I walk blind, my feet
trampling the silent stones and the dry leaves.
Someone behind me also tramples, stones, leaves:
if I slow down, he slows;
if I run, he runs
I turn :
nobody.

Everything dark and doorless,

only my steps aware of me,
I turning and turning among these corners
which lead forever to the street
where nobody waits for, nobody follows me,
where I pursue a man who stumbles
and rises and says when he sees me:
nobody.

Guide Questions:
1. What does the word “street” refer to in the poem?

2. Who/What is the "nobody" in the poem?

3. How can you describe the setting in that literary work?

4. What do you think is the purpose of the author in writing the poem?

5. Using one word, how can you describe the poem? Explain why.

Activity C. Choose one (1) literary work from Asian Literature to African Literature, then write a 3-
paragraph close analysis and critical interpretation of that work using the appropriate critical approach.
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Write it down on your answer sheets, and make sure to cite your references. Also, be guided by the
rubric below.

RUBRIC FOR SCORING ACTIVITY C

LITERARY ANALYSIS AND OUTSTANDING

VERY
SATISFACTORY
SATISFACTORY
NEEDS
IMPROVEMENT
INTERPRETATION RUBRIC 4
3
2
1
APPROPRIATENESS OFThe analysis
CRITICAL APPROACH makes use of the
appropriate
literary approach
DEPTH OF The content
INTERPRETATION accurately
interprets the
piece of literary
work.
USE OF TEXTUAL The work consists
EVIDENCE of adequate
information to
support the
interpretation
CLARITY There is a clear
and organized
presentation of
ideas.
GRAMMAR/MECHANICS The use of correct
grammar, spelling,
punctuation is
observed.
TOTAL:

References for Learners:

Mata, Emilou Lindsay Icaza, Nerissa Cruz Gabelo, Felix M. Ambon, and Edward E. Babasa. 21st
Century Literature from the Philippines and the World. Mutya Publishing House, 2016.
21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World. Diwa Learning Systems, 2016.
Bersola, Gilbert. "Asian Literature." SlideShare. September 17, 2013. Accessed January 13, 2021.
https://www.slideshare.net/kazumaki/asian-literature.
Villareal, Ben. "World Literature/ Notes." SlideShare. February 11, 2012. Accessed January 13,
2021. https://www.slideshare.net/NitzVillareal/world-literature-notes
Villareal, Ben. "World Literature/ Notes." SlideShare. February 11, 2012. Accessed January 13,
2021. https://www2.slideshare.net/NitzVillareal/world-literature-notes.
Study.com. Accessed January 13, 2021. https://study.com/academy/lesson/latin-american-
literature-history-authors-genres.
"Gabriel García Márquez." Wikipedia. December 10, 2020. Accessed January 13, 2021.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_García_Márquez.
"African Literature." Encyclopædia Britannica. Accessed January 13, 2021.
https://www.britannica.com/art/African-literature.
"David Diop." Encyclopædia Britannica. January 01, 2021. Accessed January 13, 2021.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/David-Diop.
"David Diop." Wikipedia. December 11, 2020. Accessed January 13, 2021.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Diop.
Woman, Folukeifejolahttp://folukeafrica.comAfrican, Foluke Fevola, African Woman, Tyierrah
Johnson, Your Teachers Are Researchers: Changing Research Culture – LaPSe of Reason, and
Nanabaakan. "Africa My Africa by David Diop." Foluke's African Skies. July 17, 2020. Accessed January
13, 2021. https://folukeafrica.com/africa-my-africa-by-david-diop/.
Bing. Accessed January 13, 2021. https://www.bing.com/search?q=Jorge Luis
Borges&cvid=4f233736ef8d400494ebb8667c59915e&pglt=43&FORM=ANNTA1&PC=U53 Accessed
January 07, 2021.
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 "The Street by Octavio Paz." The Street by Octavio Paz - 923 Words | 123 Help Me. Accessed
January 13, 2021. https://www.123helpme.com/essay/The-Street-by-Octavio-Paz-304142.
"Octavio Paz – No More Clichés." Genius. Accessed January 13, 2021.
https://genius.com/Octavio-paz-no-more-cliches-annotated.
New Criticism. Accessed January 13, 2021. https://public.wsu.edu/~delahoyd/new.crit.html.
Purdue Writing Lab. "OWL // Purdue Writing Lab." Purdue Writing Lab. Accessed January 13,
2021. https://owl.purdue.edu/.
Asghar, Fariha. "Formalism Presentation." SlideShare. December 08, 2013. Accessed January
13, 2021. https://www.slideshare.net/farihasajid9/formalism-presentation-29011566.
Raiyah, Mohammed. "Literary Criticism, III, Marxist Criticism." SlideShare. April 06, 2012.
Accessed January 13, 2021. https://www.slideshare.net/mraiyah/literary-criticism-iii-marxist-criticism.

Answer Key
Activity 1: Activity 2: Activity 3:

Answer may vary

Prepared:
Jonelyn A. Bajar
SST- II
Chermaine P. Caligagan
SST- I
Junina Roxan P. Morales
SST- I
Krisjoy V. Ocampo
SST- I

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21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World

Quarter 2: Weeks 4-5

21ST CENTURY LITERARY GENRES

Name: _________________________ Grade Level: ________________

Section: ________________________ Date: ______________________

Background Information:

What is a literary genre?

A literary genre is an artistic category or style of writing. It allows literary critics and students to
classify compositions within the larger canon of literature. Genre (pronounced ˈzhän-rə) is derived from
the French phrase genre meaning “kind” or “type.” Each literary genre has its unique and important
features that will aid the intended readers in fully analyzing a literary text. Also, allowed you to dive into
various 21st literary genres such as digi-fiction, illustrated novel, manga, chick lit, doodle fiction, and text-
talk novels.
Moreover, learning the different structures and features of other two modern literary genres, graphic
fiction and flash fiction.
21st Century Literary Genres
1. Poetry
It is said to aspire to the conditions of music, hence, its rhythmic quality. It employs figurative
and symbolic language that makes it susceptible to different interpretation. As poetry has evolved, it
has taken on numerous forms, but in general, poetry is the genre of literature which has some form
of meter or rhyme with focus based on syllable counts, musicality, and division of lines (lineation).
Unlike prose which runs from one end of the page to the other, poetry is typically written in lines and
blocks of lines known as stanzas. Poetry may be in the form of narrative, lyrical, or dramatic.
2. Drama
Drama is a text which has been written with the intention of being performed for an audience.
Dramas range from plays to improvisations on stage. Its two main types are Tragedy and Comedy.
3. Non-fiction Prose
Prose is a form of language that has no formal metrical structure. It applies a natural flow of
speech, and ordinary grammatical structure, rather than rhythmic structure. Non-fiction prose refers
to any literary work that is based mainly on facts. This includes autobiography, biography, character
sketch, diary or journal, editorial, and essay.
4. Prose Fiction
Prose fiction is a literary work that is wholly or partly imagined or theoretical. Examples of this
are myths, legends, parables, fables, fairy tales, short stories, novels, and novellas.
5. Creative Nonfiction
The words “creative” and “nonfiction” describe the form. The word “creative” refers to the use of
literary craft, the techniques fiction writers, playwrights, and poets employ to present nonfiction,
factually accurate prose about real people and events in a compelling, vivid, dramatic manner. The
goal is to make nonfiction stories read like fiction so that your readers are as captivated by fact as
they are by fantasy. This creative nonfiction type of literature can be in the form of an essay, a journal
article, a research paper, a memoir, or a poem; it can be personal or not, or it can be all of these.
6. Hyperpoetry
This genre, also called cyberpoetry, is a form of digital poetry that uses links using hypertext
mark-up. It refers to works of verse (although not necessarily in lines and stanzas) which could not
be presented without the computer. Hyperpoetry includes verse with links to sub-poems or footnotes,
poetry “generators,” poetry with movement or images. It is usually highly steeped in the visual and
sometimes involves parts that are read in varying orders.
7. Blog
Blog is the shortened version of the term “weblog” is an online journal or informational website
on the internet. The term is said to have come from the words “weblog” coined by John Barger in
1997, and then shortened to ‘blog” by Peter Merholz in 1999. The word ‘blogger” was later created
in reference to the person with a blog. Precursors of the web blog include the old internet forums and
conversation threads through which internet users exchanged mesaages on diverse topic. displaying
information in the reverse chronological order. A blog features diary-type commentary and links to
articles on other websites. It is also a platform where a writer or even a group of writers share their
views on an individual subject. A typical blog includes:

• Header with the menu or navigation bar

• Main content area with highlighted or latest blog posts
• Sidebar with social profiles, favorite content, or call-to-action
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• Footer with relevant links like a disclaimer, privacy policy, contact page, etc.

8. Mobile Phone Text Tula

This traces its origins to the traditional Tagalog form of poetry called Tanaga. One good example
of this poem is a tanaga, a type of Filipino poem, consisting of four lines with seven syllables each
with the same rhyme at the end of each line - that is to say a 7- 7-7-7 syllabic verse, with an AABB
rhyme scheme. The modern tanaga still uses the 7777 syllable count, but rhymes range from dual
rhyme forms: AABB, ABAB, ABBA; to freestyle forms such as AAAB, BAAA, or ABCD. Tanagas do
not have titles traditionally because the tanaga should speak for itself. However, moderns can opt to
give them titles. They are being sent through SMS on mobile phone with friends, families, loved ones,
and through netizens.

9. Flash Fiction
This refers to an imaginative literature of extreme brevity. It could range from a word to a
thousand (Gacusan 2018). It is known as micro stories, postcard fiction, nanotales and short
shorts. According to Sustana (2020), most of the flash fictions have these common characteristics.

1. Brevity – It is a flash fiction that presents the story with fewest words possible.
2. Complete plot – This flash fiction emphasizes the development of plot. It has a beginning,
middle and ending of the story.
3. Surprising ending –The successful hallmark of a flash fiction is its twist at the end of the
story.

Here some of the flash fictions:

● “Angels and Blueberries” by Tara Campbell is a story of various explanations for the color of
the sky that involves angels and blueberries.
First lines: “Why is the sky blue?” you ask. Well, it all depends on who’s nswering.
● “Taylor Swift” by Hugh Behm-Steinberg tells a weird story of how anyone can order a perfectly
clone of Taylor Swift at his doorstep.
First line: You’re in love; it’s great, you swipe on your phone and order: the next day a Taylor
Swift clone shows up at your house.
● “Unnecessary Things” by Tatyana Tolstaya is a story of finding an old and torn teddy bear,
“unnecessary things” (items that do not serve any useful purpose), that she adored as a child.
First lines: This Teddy bear once had amber eyes made from special glass — each one had a
pupil and an iris. The bear itself was gray and stiff, with wiry fur. I adored him.

10. Graphic Novel or Graphic Fiction

A comic book narrative that is equivalent in form and dimension to the prose novel (Campbell
200, 81). The pictures are arranged in sequenced in image panels and dialogues are written in
speech bubbles. The illustrations allow the readers to imagine and experience the characters and
events in the story.

Here are some of the features of graphic fiction or graphic novel according to Singh (2012):
● Autographic forms are the marks of author’s handwriting which creates an impact that the whole
novel is a manuscript and thus provides a sense of intimacy.
● Graphic novels encourage interactivity in the minds of the reader as he fills in the blanks
between image panels.
● Filling in the blanks between image panels makes the reader imagine the actions portrayed in
the story.
● The language, syntax and meaning of a graphic novel spring primarily through the relationship
between images than words.
● Graphic fiction combines book and screen.

Some of the examples of graphic novels are the following:

● “In the Shadow of No Tower: 9/11” by Art Spiegelmen in 2004 which tells the story about
the terrorist attack on September 11 in America. This also depicts the traumatic and tragic
experiences of American people during the 9/11 terrorist attack.
● “The Barn Owl’s Wondrous Capers” by Sarnath Banerjee in 2009 portrays 18th
century Calcutta exploiting the myth of the “Wandering Jew”.
● “Louis Riel” by Chester Brown in 2003 is a fictionalized violent rebellion in the 19th
Century on the Canadian praire who led by Riel.

11. Manga
This is a style of Japanese comic books. It is usually printed in black-and-white. There are
many genres inside manga, the most distinct being shojo (for girls) and shonen (forboys).
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12. Doodle Fiction

It is a literary presentation where the author incorporates doodle drawing and handwritten
graphics in place of traditional format. Drawings enhance the story, often adding humorous elements
that would be missing if the illustrations were omitted.

Learning Competency with code:

Compare and contrast various 21st century literary genres and their elements, structures, and traditions
from across the globe. (EN12Lit-IId-25)

Directions/Activities:
Activity A. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which is NOT a feature of a graphic novel?

A. Graphic novel is in condensed form.
B. Graphic novel is a combination of book and screen.
C. It encourages interactivity in the minds of the reader as he fills in the blanks between pages.
D. Its language, syntax and meaning spring primarily through the relationship between images than
words.

2. What type of literary genre is “The Barn Owl’s Wondrous Capers” of Sarnath Banerjee?
A. epic
B. flash fiction
C. melodrama
D. graphic novel

3. What is the other term for flash fiction?

A. nanotales
B. short story
C. graphic fiction
D. macro stories

4. Which fiction story tells how anyone can buy a perfect clone Taylor Swift at his doorstep?
A. “Taylor Swift”
B. “Unnecessary Things”
C. “Clone of Taylor Swift”
D. “Angels and Blueberries”

5. Which is a feature of a graphic novel?

A. A Graphic novel is in condensed form.
B. It presents micro-stories in each sub-plot.
C. The main character victoriously attained his purpose in the story.
D. It encourages interactivity in the minds of the reader as he fills in the blanks between pages.

6. What type of literary genre is “In the Shadow of No Tower: 9/11” of Art Spiegelmen?
A. epic
B. flash fiction
C. graphic novel
D. tragic drama
7. Which is an imaginative literature ranges from a word to a thousand?
A. tales
B. short story
C. flash fiction
D. graphic fiction

8. A flash fiction presents a surprising ending which means that ______________.

A. it ends happily
B. it ends tragically
C. it has a loose ending
D. the story ends with a twist

9. Which refers to comic narratives in which pictures are arranged in sequenced in image panels?
A. comic story
B. storyboard
C. flash fiction
D. graphic fiction
 4

10. Which is not TRUE about graphic novel?

A. It combines letters and words.
B. Image panels are very colorful.
C. Graphic novel presents fewest words as possible.
D. Illustrations allow the readers to imagine and experience

11. Where are dialogues in graphic fiction written?

A. In text boxes
B. In image panels
C. In speech bubbles
D. In beside illustrations

12. What literary genre is “Louis Riel” of Chester Brown that centers on a fictionalized violent rebellion
in the 19th century?
A. Graphiс novel
B. Text-talk novel
C. Melodramatiс play
D. Flash fiсtional story

13. Which story narrates the traumatiс experienсes of Ameriсans during the 9/11 terrorists’ attaсk in
New York?
A. “Louis Riel”
B. “Unneсessary Things”
C. “The Barn Owl’s Wondrous Capers”
D. “In the Shadow of No Tower: 9/11

14. What is the other term of graphic fiction?

A. digi-fiсtion
B. flash fiсtion
C. graphiс novel
D. doodle fiсtion

15. Which of the following is NOT a 21st century literature?

A. Manga
B. Flash fiсtion
C. Graphiс fiсtion
D. Korean telenovela

Activity B. Using Venn Diagram, identify the similarities and differences between the given literary
genres. Use a separate sheet of paper to write your answer.
 5

Activity C. Using a graphic organizer, identify the similarities and differences between the given
literary genres with their elements, structures, and traditions. (Write your answers in paragraph
form. Use a separate sheet of paper to write your answers.

GRAPHIC NOVEL MANGA

Similarities

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

Differences

__________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
__________________________________
________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
________________________________

You will be rated using this Rubric:

Criteria Excellent Very Good Average Poor Points

(10) (9-7) (6-4) (3-1)
Content Substantial, Sufficiently Limited Minimal
specific, developed content with content with
and/or content with inadequate minimal or no
illustrative adequate elaboration or elaboration or
content elaboration or explanation. explanation.
demonstrating explanation.
strong
development
of ideas.
Organization Details are in Details are in Some details All details are
logical order logical order are not in not in logical
and yet less logical order order
interesting interesting

Mechanics No errors in One to two Three to five Six or more

and capitalization, errors in errors in errors in
Grammar punctuation capitalization, capitalization, capitalization,
and spelling punctuation punctuation punctuation
and spelling and spelling and spelling

References

Friesen, Calle. “21st Century Literary Genres”. Accessed October 19, 2011.
https://www.slideshare.net/darinjohn2/21st-century-literary-genres-by-calle-friesen

Gleeson, Erin. “Barcelona Travel Guide”. Accessed March 1, 2018.

https://www.theforestfeast.com/blog/2017/12/5/barcelona-travel-guide
 6

Gacusan, Pauleen, “21st Century Literary Genre.” Last uploaded May 25, 2018.
https://www.slideshare.net/lhengacusan/21st-century-literary-genre

Mata, Emilou Lindsay Icaza, Nerissa Cruz, Felix M. Ambon, and Edward E. Babasa. 21st
Century Literature from the Philippines and the world. Mutya Publishing House.2016

Reedsy Ltd., “25 Flash Fiction Stories Worth Your Time.” Last posted April 23, 2020.
https://reedsy.com/discovery/blog/best-flash-fiction

Singh, Xavier Pradheep, “Graphic Fiction.” Last uploaded Nov. 22, 2012
https://www.slideshare.net/pradheepxing/graphic-fiction

Smith, Joanna, “Everything You Need To Know About Flash Fiction.” Last updated Mar.
21, 2018. https://medium.com/@joannasmith008/everything-you-need-to-know-about-flash-fiction-
29e2513b4f4a

Sustana, Catherine, “Flash Fiction Definition and History.” Last updated March 29, 2020.
https://www.thoughts.com/what-is-flash-fiction-2990523

Answer Key:

Activity A Activity B. Answers may vary. Activity C. Answers may vary.

Prepared:

Jonelyn D. Bajar
SST-II
Chermaine P. Caligagan
SST-I
Junina Roxan P. Morales
SST-I
Krisjoy V. Ocampo
SST
 1

21st Century from the Philippines and the World

Quarter 2: Week 6-8

ICT-BASED ADAPTATION OF 21ST CENTURY AND SELF-PEER-ASSESSMENT

Name: _________________________ Grade Level: ________________

Section: ________________________ Date: ______________________

Background Information:

ICT, or Information and Communications Technology (or technologies), is the infrastructure and
components that enable modern computing. Although there is no single, universal definition of ICT, the
term is generally accepted to mean all devices, networking components, applications, and systems that
combined allow people and organizations to interact in the digital world.
Students with different styles of learning: ICT can provide diverse options for taking in and processing
information, making sense of ideas, and expressing learning. Over 87% of students learn best through
visual and tactile modalities, and ICT can help these students ‘experience’ the information instead of just
reading and hearing it. Mobile devices can also offer programmes (“apps”) that provide extra support to
students with special needs, with features such as simplified screens and instructions, consistent
placement of menus and control features, graphics combined with text, audio feedback, ability to set pace
and level of difficulty, appropriate and unambiguous feedback, and easy error correction.
ICT in the field of education is the integration of various technologies of information and
communication, so as to leverage its capacity for the optimisation, enhancement and creating of a better
learning environment and smoother learning process.

What is social media?

Social media is an internet-based form of communication. Social media platforms allow users to have
conversations, share information and create web content. There are many forms of social media,
including blogs, micro-blogs, wikis, social networking sites, photo-sharing sites, instant messaging, video-
sharing sites, podcasts, widgets, virtual worlds, and more. Social media allows you to communicate with
friends and family, learn new things, develop your interests, and be entertained. According to Pop Culture
Universe, "Social media is an umbrella term that refers to all online communities or publications that
foster and encourage conversation between users and allow them to develop, critique, publish, and
interact with a vast array of online content.”

Should
There are some simple, somewhat common sense best practices when it comes to creating and sharing
content online. When you’re ready to post, it’s important to:

Be yourself - The charming, moderately censored, professional version. If you keep this in mind, you’ll
be able to build an authentic persona that people would want to engage with online.

Use humor - When acceptable and necessary. Sometimes it comes down to personal judgment. When
in doubt, keep it poised, but don’t be afraid to exercise your wit when it proves fun, appropriate and
relatable.

Think before you post - Online is forever in many case doesn’t engage in topics of conversations that
could leave you regretting your words years, months, or even seconds
later.

Shouldn’t
There are several things you really should not do on-line. While that may be a bit over-acting, it’s
important to be aware of the risks you take with certain actions when using social media to:

Be tone-deaf - Relative to neglecting current event research, coming across as “tone-deaf”, can be as
simple as not checking a trending hashtag before using it for your posts on line.
 2

Share too much information - Some things are better left unsaid. As a rule of thumb, people do not
need to know your physiological functions, your embarrassing moments or your lengthy daily recap. In a
way, posting your itinerary can also endanger you in so many ways.

Flat-out lie - Don’t risk whatever reputation you may have already made by sharing false, misleading or
refutable information online. A good guideline is to share factual information for which you have
supporting data, or professional viewpoints, being honest about your achievements and knowledge base
will help you build a trustworthy, on-line persona within the online community.

Share your *strong* opinions - If you’re looking to build a worthy online persona, it’s best to leave
certain subjects out of your conversations. With so much valuable content and ideas to exchange, there
are much more productive ways to grow an audience. Leave biased topics to discuss with trusted family
and friends offline.

Adapted from: www.laserfiche.com

Learning Competency with Code:

Produce a creative representation of a literary text by applying multimedia and ICT skills. Do self and/or
peer-assessment of the creative adaptation of a literary text based on rationalized criteria prior to
presentation. (EN12lit-IIij-31.3)

ACTIVITY A. Complete the K-W-L Chart (What I KNOW, What I WANT TO KNOW, What I Learned)
about social media.

K- What I already know about W- What I want to know about L-What I learned about the
the topic the topic topic

ACTIVITY B. Choose one (1) picture inside the box and create a simple original “hugot line” about it
and its meaning. Create a simple poster of your hugot line. You may use images or drawings.

Example:
 3

ACTIVITY C. Choose one (1) of the activities below.

1. Choose one (1) from the given literary works for your storytelling. Record your voice while
reading the story. Send the audio/recording in the class group chat. You will be rated using this
rubric:

Criteria Excellent Very Good Fair

(10)
Audio Audio is consistent,
sound practiced
Narration-Voice Voice is consistent to
the best effort and
matches the story
element
Dramatic Appeal The story is told with
great dramatic flair,
with proper enunciation
and pronunciation
(9-6) (5-1)
Audio is solid, with Audio is absent or
some minor distracting
distractions
Voice is consistent and Voice is inconsistent,
narration solidly narration may be dull
matches the story
element
The story is told with The story is simply
not enough dramatic read with no dramatic
appeal appeal

2. Choose one (1) from the given literary works and create a picture story book (handmade or
printed) with at least five pages. You will be rated using this rubric:

5 Points 4 Points 3 Points 2 Points

Cover Cover includes a The cover is not The cover is The cover is not
title, your name, very neat and messy or there complete or neat
and section. It is creative or there is are more than two and creative.
neat and creative. one missing item. items missing.

Pages There are at least There are at least There are only 3 There are less
5 pages with 4 pages with pages with writing than 3 complete
writing and a writing and a and a picture pages.
picture illustration. picture illustration. illustration.

Grammar There are 2 or There are 3-4 There are 5-6 There are 7 or
fewer spelling or spelling or spelling or more spelling or
grammar grammar grammar grammar
mistakes. mistakes. mistakes. mistakes.

Story/Content The story/content The story/content The story/content The story/content

is complete and does not make does not make is not complete.
follows a sense and lacks sense and the
 4

structure. structure. structure is not

clearly defined.

Illustrations/Pictur Every page has at One page does Two pages do not Three or more
es least one not contain an contain an pages do not
illustration or effective effective contain an
picture. illustration or illustration or effective
picture. picture. illustration or
picture.

Punctuality Your picture book Your picture book Your picture book Your picture book
is turned in on is turned in one is turned in two is turned in three
time. day late. days late. or more days late.

1. Red Riding Hood

Once upon a time, there was a little girl. Her grandmother gave her a red riding hood, and the girl loved
it so much she wore it all the time—so everybody started to call her Little Red Riding Hood.

One day, her mother told the girl her grandmother had fallen ill. Because she lived alone, deep in the
woods, she would probably be happy to get some food and a visit from her granddaughter. Mother
gave a basket with food and a bottle of wine to Little Red Riding Hood and told her: "Don't stray from
the path!"

The girl promised but soon forgot about her mother's warning. After a while, she met a wolf in the
woods. He asked her where she was going, and she told him about her granny's bad health and where
she lived. The wolf tricked her into stopping and picking some flowers. She did that, and in the
meantime, the wolf ran to the granny's house.

The wolf, pretending to be the granddaughter, entered the grandmother's house and ate the lady. Then
he dressed in her nightgown and waited for Little Red Riding Hood.

When she came in, the famous dialogue about great arms, great ears, and great teeth followed. After
that, the wolf ate the girl and took a nap.

Soon after, a huntsman came by the house and heard snoring. He entered cautiously, saw the sleeping
monster in granny's bed and guessed what happened. Then he opened the sleeping wolf's stomach
with a knife.

Granny and Red Riding Hood came out and helped the huntsman fill the wolf's stomach with stones.
When the wolf woke up, he tried to run away, but the stones were too heavy. He fell down and died.
Grandmother, granddaughter, and huntsman lived happily ever after.

2. Hansel and Gretel

There is a great famine in the country and the woodcutter's family is starving. His wife suggests to take
their kids (they are his and his late first wife's children) into the woods, so they would have two hungry
mouths to feed.

After some hesitation he agrees and they leave the kids in the woods. Hansel and Gretel heard about
the plan and returned home thanks to the stones Hansel was using to mark the path. But at the next
attempt, Hansel can't load his pocket with stones because the doors were locked. Instead of stones he
used bread crumbs, but they were eaten by the birds, so the woodcutter and his wife succeeded and
children were lost in the woods.

They find a mysterious hut made of sweets. There is a witch living inside. She is a cannibal and intends
to eat them.
But they are too lean, so she decides to feed Hansel first, using Gretel as a slave and for some time
children manage to postpone their tragic end. Witch has very poor sight, so she is checking Hansel's fat
 5

by pinching his finger. Instead of the finger he gives her a chicken bone, which postpones his death for
a few days.

Finally, the witch prepares an oven and plans to bake both kids. Fortunately, Gretel outsmarts her and
throws the witch in her oven where she is burned. Kids search the hut, find gold, jewelry and other
valuables and with the help of some birds safely return home.

Their stepmother died in the meantime and together with their regretful father they lived happily ever
after.

There is a great famine in the country and the woodcutter's family is starving. His wife suggests taking
their kids (they are his and his late first wife's children) into the woods, so they would have two hungry
mouths to feed.

After some hesitation he agrees and they leave the kids in the woods. Hansel and Gretel heard about
the plan and returned home thanks to the stones Hansel was using to mark the path. But at the next
attempt, Hansel can't load his pocket with stones because the doors were locked. Instead of stones he
used bread crumbs, but they were eaten by the birds, so the woodcutter and his wife succeeded and
children were lost in the woods.

They find a mysterious hut made of sweets. There is a witch living inside. She is a cannibal and intends
to eat them.

But they are too lean, so she decides to feed Hansel first, using Gretel as a slave and for some time
children manage to postpone their tragic end. Witch has very poor sight, so she is checking Hansel's fat
by pinching his finger. Instead of the finger he gives her a chicken bone, which postpones his death for
a few days.
Finally, the witch prepares an oven and plans to bake both kids. Fortunately, Gretel outsmarts her and
throws the witch in her oven where she is burned. Kids search the hut, find gold, jewelry and other
valuables and with a help of some birds safely return home.

Their stepmother died in the meantime and together with their regretful father they lived happily ever
after.

References:

Chua, Rina Garcia. 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World. Makati: Diwa Learning
System, 2016

Mendoza, Paul Anthony, and Silva, Maristel. 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World.
Bulacan: St. Andrew Publishing House, 2016.

"The Dos, Don'ts and Definitely Don'ts of Social Media Networking." Laserfiche. March 05, 2020.
Accessed February 11, 2021. https://www.laserfiche.com/ecmblog/dos-donts-definitely-donts-social-
media-networking/.

Google Search. Accessed February 11, 2021. https://www.google.com/search?q=sample rubric for

audio storytelling&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiEm4uwhOLuAhXSRd4KHUANDX8Q2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=sample rubric for audio
storytelling&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoECAAQGFCYoQJY668CYPqwAmgAcAB4AIABhAKIAa4JkgEFMC
42LjGYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ8ABAQ&sclient=img&ei=DD4lYIRl0ov5BsCatPgH&bih=698&bi
w=1536&hl=en#imgrc=67hdnlfxQxyjyM&imgdii=uSFDLxl5FfH3hM

Google Search. Accessed February 11, 2021. https://www.google.com/search?q=emotional

pictures&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiF3v6p_uHuAhUV4WEKHRmaATgQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=emotional
pictures&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAA6
BwgAELEDEEM6BAgAEEM6CAgAELEDEIMBOgUIABCxAzoGCAAQChAYOgQIABAYUKAsWPdEYL
ZIaAFwAHgAgAHHAogBrAySAQcwLjguMS4xmAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWfAAQE&sclient=img&
ei=tDclYIW0JZXChwOZtIbAAw&bih=698&biw=1519&hl=en#imgrc=6KYKKB-
4bsOS9M&imgdii=38d2dNncdG4FAM.

Google Search. Accessed February 11, 2021. https://www.google.com/search?q=girl

falling&tbm=isch&chips=q:girlfalling,g_1:anime:144U6MRbOc4=&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjT5cfQ8
eHuAhVLG4gKHYoTDiQQ4lYoAHoECAEQGQ&biw=1519&bih=698#imgrc=OLGZYowpJ_0LBM.
 6

Activity A-C – Answers may vary.

Prepared:

Jonelyn A. Bajar
SST-II

Chermaine P. Caligagan
SST-I

Junina Roxan P. Morales

SST-I

Krisjoy V. Ocampo
SST-I