A

Micro-Project Report
ON
“RO plant”
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Diploma in Computer Engineering

ATUL PAWAR [1914660030]

HIRE RUSHBH [1914660034]

DIVATE PRATIK [2014660020]

MAGER PRAVIN [2014660025]

Guided By
Prof. Padwal P.L.

Shree Samarth Academy’s

Shree Samarth Polytechnic
Mhasane Phata, Ahmednagar
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education
(2021-2022)
 Shree Samarth Academy’s
Shree Samarth Polytechnic
Department of Computer Engineering.

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled
“RO plant”

is
Submitted by
ATUL PAWAR [1914660030]

HIRE RUSHBH [1914660034]

DIVATE PRATIK [2014660020]

MAGER PRAVIN [2014660025]

In the partial fulfillment of Diploma in Computer Engineering has been

Satisfactory carried out under my guidance as per the requirement of Maharashtra
State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai during the academic year 2021-2022.

Date:
Place: Mhasne Phata, Parner

GUIDE HOD PRINCIPAL

(Prof. Padwal.P.L.) (Prof.Chaure.S.M) (Prof. Anarase .B.V)
 Micro-Project Proposal
1.0 Brief Introduction:

Environmental studies are all about learning the way we should live and how we can
develop sustainable strategies to protect the environment. It helps individuals to develop an
understanding of living and physical environment and how to resolve challenging environmental
issues affecting nature. It also emphasizes the need to conserve biodiversity and adopt a more
sustainable lifestyle and utilize resources in a responsible way.

Reverse osmosis systems usually last between 10 and 15 years. While the systems
themselves have a long lifespan, the RO membrane and filters need replacing periodically. The
prefilters and post filters should be changed every 6 months to 1 year. Depending on your water
conditions, the RO membrane should be replaced every 2-4 years.

Benefits of Reverse Osmosis System are:-

 Harmful dissolved contaminants reduced

 Sodium reduced
 Bad tastes and odors reduced
 More environmentally friendly than bottled water
 Easy to install and maintain
 Fits under the Kitchen Sink

2.0 Aim of the Micro-Project:

A reverse osmosis plant is a manufacturing plant where the process of reverse

osmosis takes place. Water produced by reverse osmosis may be used for a variety of purposes,
including desalination, wastewater treatment, concentration of contaminants, and the reclamation
of dissolved minerals.
3.0 Action plan:

Planned Planned Name of Responsible

Sr.no. Details of activity
start date Finish date Team Member

1 Topic Search Mager Pravin

2 Project Proposal Creation Pawar Atul

Detailed Information Hire Rushbh

3
Gathering for Project
Developing Project Divate Pratik
4
Diagrams
Taking overview of All Members
5
Project

6 Mistakes Removation Pawar Atul

7 Project Report Creation Hire Rushbh

8 Final Presentation All Members

4.0Resources Required:

Sr.no. Name of Specification Qty. Remarks

resources/Material

1 Operating System Windows 2007 1 -

2 Microsoft Word 2013 1 -

3 Search Engine Google 1 -

*************
 Micro-Project Report

“RO plant”

1.0 Brief Description:

We all know that access to clean, fresh water is fundamental to our health and wellbeing,
and filtering our water ensures that this is achieved. Most water filters remove harmful chemicals
and bacteria, which if consumed can cause diseases and general ill-health. We live in a pollution-
ridden and highly toxic environment which can lead to a number of health problems. As a result,
the demand for good RO water purifiers has increased drastically. The advanced purification
process removes dissolved impurities and microorganisms from water to make it safe for
consumption. Many small communities like residential complexes have today set up their own
RO plants. This is often necessary in overcrowded cities where municipal supplied water is
clearly inadequate. A redundant RO plant will be mean the loss of supply that these communities
depend on.

Reverse osmosis removes contaminants from unfiltered water, or feed water, when
pressure forces it through a semipermeable membrane. Water flows from the more concentrated
side (more contaminants) of the RO membrane to the less concentrated side (fewer
contaminants) to provide clean drinking water. The fresh water produced is called the permeate.
The concentrated water left over is called the waste or brine. A semipermeable membrane has
small pores that block contaminants but allow water molecules to flow through. In osmosis,
water becomes more concentrated as it passes through the membrane to obtain equilibrium on
both sides. Reverse osmosis, however, blocks contaminants from entering the less concentrated
side of the membrane. For example, when pressure is applied to a volume of saltwater during
reverse osmosis, the salt is left behind and only clean water flows through.

The RO membrane is the focal point of a reverse osmosis system, but an RO system also
includes other types of filtration. RO systems are made up of 3, 4, or 5 stages of filtration. Every
reverse osmosis water system contains a sediment filter and a carbon filter in addition to the RO
membrane. The filters are called either prefilters or post filters depending on whether water
passes through them before or after it passes through the membrane.

 How to reduce wastewater in an RO system:

1. Add a permeate pump. Installing a permeate pump to a reverse osmosis system is the best
way to increase its efficiency. Permeate pumps reduce the wastewater from an RO system by
75 to 80%. Not every reverse osmosis system is designed to use one, so make sure the one
you choose is plumbed for an additional pump.
2. Choose an RO system with an automatic shut off valve. An ASO valve stops the flow of
water to the drain once the storage tank is full.
3. Use the RO reject water for landscaping or artificial lakes. Drain water has higher levels of
total dissolved solids (TDS), but it’s safe to use in your lawn or garden.

 Does Reverse Osmosis Waste Water?

A reverse osmosis system sends water with rejected contaminants down the drain as
wastewater, unlike other filters that trap contaminants. As water flows through the system, it’s
divided into two streams. One stream carries the filtered water to a dedicated faucet, and the
other stream carries the removed salts, dissolved pollutants, and minerals to the drain.

The brine or “wastewater” carries rejected contaminants from a reverse osmosis system to
the drain. 4 gallons of water exits the drain for every gallon of water produced. But the brine
water is used for a purpose, so it’s not exactly wasted. The wastewater in an RO system helps
clean the water, just like a dishwasher uses water to clean dishes or a washing machine uses
water to clean clothes. However, it’s our job in caring for the environment to minimize the
amount of water sent to the drain and increase the efficiency of the RO system.

 Benefits of Reverse Osmosis System are:-

 Harmful dissolved contaminants reduced
 Sodium reduced
 Bad tastes and odors reduced
 More environmentally friendly than bottled water
 Easy to install and maintain
 Fits under the Kitchen Sink

 What does a reverse osmosis system remove?

A reverse osmosis system removes dissolved solids like arsenic and fluoride through the
RO membrane. An RO system also includes sediment and carbon filtration for a broad spectrum
of reduction. The carbon filters in an RO system remove chlorine and bad taste and odors, and
the sediment filter removes dirt and debris.

Reverse Osmosis System removes following things:-

1. Fluoride
2. Salt
3. Sediment
4. Chlorine
5. Arsenic
6. VOCs
7. Herbicides and pesticides
8. Many other contaminants
2.0 Course Outcomes Integrated:
1. Apply techniques to reduce Environmental Pollution.
2. Conserve Ecosystem and Biodiversity.

3.0 Actual procedure Followed:

A reverse osmosis plant is a manufacturing plant where the process of reverse
osmosis takes place. Reverse osmosis is a common process to purify or desalinate contaminated
water by forcing water through a membrane. Water produced by reverse osmosis may be used
for a variety of purposes, including desalination, wastewater treatment, concentration of
contaminants, and the reclamation of dissolved minerals. An average modern reverse osmosis
plant needs six kilowatt-hours of electricity to desalinate one cubic metre of water. The process
also results in an amount of salty briny waste. The challenge for these plants is to find ways to
reduce energy consumption, use sustainable energy sources, improve the process of desalination
and to innovate in the area of waste management to deal with the waste. Self-contained water
treatment plants using reverse osmosis, called reverse osmosis water purification units.
4.0 Outputs of the Micro-projects:

Reverse osmosis removes contaminants from unfiltered water, or feed water, when
pressure forces it through a semipermeable membrane. Water flows from the more concentrated
side (more contaminants) of the RO membrane to the less concentrated side (fewer
contaminants) to provide clean drinking water. The fresh water produced is called the permeate.
The concentrated water left over is called the waste or brine.

A semipermeable membrane has small pores that block contaminants but allow water
molecules to flow through. In osmosis, water becomes more concentrated as it passes through the
membrane to obtain equilibrium on both sides. Reverse osmosis, however, blocks contaminants
from entering the less concentrated side of the membrane. For example, when pressure is applied
to a volume of saltwater during reverse osmosis, the salt is left behind and only clean water flows
through.

How does a reverse osmosis system work?

A reverse osmosis system removes sediment and chlorine from water with a prefilter
before it forces water through a semipermeable membrane to remove dissolved solids.After
water exits the RO membrane, it passes through a postfilter to polish the drinking water before it
enters a dedicated faucet. Reverse osmosis systems have various stages depending on their
number of prefilters and postfilters.

 Stages of RO systems:

The RO membrane is the focal point of a reverse osmosis system, but an RO system also
includes other types of filtration. RO systems are made up of 3, 4, or 5 stages of
filtration. Every reverse osmosis water system contains a sediment filter and a carbon
filter in addition to the RO membrane. The filters are called either prefilters or
postfilters depending on whether water passes through them before or after
it passes through the membrane.

Each type of system contains one or more of the following filters:

 Sediment filter: Reduces particles like dirt, dust, and rust

 Carbon filter: Reduces volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chlorine, and other contaminants
that give water a bad taste or odor
 Semi-permeable membrane: Removes up to 98% of total dissolved solids (TDS).
5.0 Skill Developed/ Learning out of this Micro-Project:

More better Knowledge of new concepts. Clear a new concept RO plant of Take a
knowledge of error handling. New better technology knowledge concepts are RO plant
implement skill is well developed from this project gain skill of how to gather the information
about to be created Also many concepts like.

6.0 Reference:

1. ort/https://projectreportbank.com/product/ro-drinking-water-project-rep

2. https://pdfcoffee.com/ro-water-plant-project-report-pdf-free.html
  Teacher Evaluation Sheet

Name of Student:……………………………………………………………………….

Enrollment No…………………………

Name of Programme………………………………………………………..

Semester:……………………………….

Course Title: ……………………………………….

Code:…………………………………………………….

Title of the Micro-Project:………………………………………………….

Course Outcomes Achieved

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Evaluation as per suggested Rubric for Assessment of Micro-Project

Sr. Characteristic to be Poor Average Good Excellent

No. assessed (Marks 1-3) (Marks 4-5) (Marks 6-8) (Marks 9-10)
1 Relevance to the course
2 Literature survey/
Information Collection
3 Project Proposal
4 Completion of the
Target as per project
proposal
5 Analysis of Data &
Representation
6 Quality of
Prototype/Model
7 Report Preparation
8 Presentation
9 Defense
Micro-Project Evaluation Sheet

Process Assessment Product Assessment Total

Part A- Project Part B-Project Individual Marks
Project Methodology Report/Working Presentation/Viva 10
Proposal (2 mark) Model (4 mark)
(2 marks) (2 marks)

Note:

Every course teacher is expected to assign marks for group evolution in first 3 columns &
individual evaluation in 4th columns for each group of students as per rubrics.

Comments/suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)

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Any Other Comment:
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Name and designation of the faculty

member……………………………………………………………………..

Signature…………………………………………………………………..................