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High-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Measurement Inside The Cars With Modern Embedded Wireless Technologies
High-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Measurement Inside The Cars With Modern Embedded Wireless Technologies
doi:10.15199/48.2021.06.09
Streszczenie. Głównym celem niniejszej publikacji jest pomiar dystrybucji pola elektromagnetycznego wewnątrz dwóch samochodów. Pomiar został
wykonany za pomocą nowoczesnych technologii bezprzewodowych Bluetooth. Doświadczenia zostały przeprowadzone w standardowym
środowisku miejskim w samochodach z telefonem komórkowym Bluetooth dla dwóch: bez użycia telefonu i przy odbieraniu połączenia. Wyniki
pomiarów pokazują, że w nowoczesnych samochodach z większą liczbą dostępnych technologii bezprzewodowych znajduje się wiele źródeł pól
elektromagnetycznych o wysokiej częstotliwości. Pomimo, że wartości zmierzonych parametrów nie przekraczają poziomów granicznych, ich wpływ
na organizm zależy to od aktualnego stanu organizmu i czasu ekspozycji. (Pomiary pola elektromagnetycznego wysokiej częstotliwości w
samochodzie wyposażonym w urządzenia komunikacji bezprzewodowej).
Keywords: Measurement, Electromagnetic field (EMF), Car, Received Power, Bluetooth technology,
Słowa kluczowe: pole elektromagnetyczne, samochód, odebrana moc, technologia Bluetooth.
Introduction this study [9] were taken readings inside a parked vehicle
Safety, comfort, and cellular-based access technologies without a cell phone and were compared with the power
are one of the main challenges for all car manufacturers density with cell phone using Bluetooth hands free device.
and at the same time an important condition for the buyer. Power density measurements were performed using a
Technologies for the safety of passengers, traffic efficiency, handheld portable power density measuring TES 593
passenger comfort, forwarding upcoming traffic information electro- smog meter from TES Electrical Electronic Corp.
in a timely manner, and vehicular networking belong to the The power density increased by 393% in case when cell
standard equipment of current cars. These technologies phone and Bluetooth were use inside the car compared to
belong to the concept of Intelligent Transportation System case without cell phone and Bluetooth. The SAR value
(ITS). calculated from measured data is for 900 MHz 349 mW/kg
The key parts of the ITS framework are GPS, Bluetooth, and for 1800 MHz 514 mW/kg. The whole-body average
Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC), Vehicular SAR restriction for frequency range 10 MHz to 10 GHz is 80
Ad-Hoc Network (VANET), Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) or mW/kg [10]. Another author’s result obtained by simulations
Vehicle-to-Bicycle (V2B) communication, vehicle-to- illustrated that the maximum SAR induced for mobile phone
infrastructure (V2I) connectivity based on Wi-Fi. In the near users in a vehicle is 5% higher than those in free space
future, we anticipate the addition of sensors (e.g. biometric [11].
authentication system as protection from road accidents or The transportation system is a source of the
unlocking the car) and sensors for the use of cars in the electromagnetic field, to which a large percentage of the
concept of the Internet of Things (IoT).[1][2][3] population is exposed. The dosimetric analyses made in
Inside the cars are from 50 to 150 sensors. Due to the different countries in this area point out the increased levels
significant weight caused by the number of sensors wire the of RF-EMF [12][13][14][15][16]. Although the measured
Intra-car Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is installed. Intra data are still below the ICNIRP level [17], it is necessary to
vehicular WSN is an automotive architecture that allows the consider the amount of time spent in this environment of the
communications between electrical control units and transportation system, especially for children.
sensors using wireless technology. The WSN use the same The main goal of this paper is the measurement of radio
2.4 GHz ISM frequency bands as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth do. frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) inside modern
Also, in this way increases the car's interior electromagnetic cars with lot of embedded wireless technology during the
smog. [4] phone call and without a call, but with the Bluetooth device
Serve these technologies really for the protection of life turned on. Measurements are performed using spectral
and security? Is it safe to use these technologies for a long analyser in the driver side inside the car. Measured
time? Recent studies indicate that exposure to electromagnetic field power in dBm is used for the
radiofrequency radiation caused not only tissue heating at calculation of field intensity and the results of the
exposures above prescribed thresholds. The data point to measurements were evaluated against the limits in the
increased occurrence of Schwannomas and malignant standards.
gliomas, as well as chromosomal DNA damage, As the measure of RF-EMF exposure limits a specific
Parkinson’s Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis absorption rate (SAR) is used. Because measuring SAR in
(ALS), acoustic neuroma, male and female infertility, living persons is impossible, the field strength (V/m) or the
individuals with nonspecific symptoms linked to electro- power density (W/m2) measured outside of the human body
hypersensitivity, or microwave illness, etc. [5] [6] [7]. In is instead used for regulating far-field RF-EMF. The ICNIRP
2011, an expert working group of the International Agency recommends a field strength of 61 V/m or a power flux
2
for Research on Cancer (IARC) categorized radio- density of 10 W/m [18].
frequency radiation emitted by cell phones and other Since ICNIRP bases its guidelines on proven adverse
wireless transmitting devices including cordless phones and health effects and there is difference between a biological
Wi-Fi as a Group 2B (“possible”) human carcinogen [8]. In effect and an adverse health effects, for protective
a. b. a. b.
Fig.3. Measured values in CAR1 a.) turn off mobile phone. and Fig.4. Measured values in CAR2 a.) turn off mobile phone.
b.) during phone call b.) during phone call