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    BSI BS*5493 02 MM 2624669 O38GL4b 197 mm . BS 5493 :1977 1 oc 624.o14.2:60171:620197 8 Code of practice for Protective coating of iron and steel structures against corrosion (Formerly CP 2008) Code de bonne pratique pour 'enduisage des constructions en fer et en acier pour la protection contre la corrosion Richtlinie fur Beschichtung von Eisen- und Stahlbauten zum Schutz gegen Korrosion British Standards Institution Copyngne by the antsh Stanuaras nesutonon ‘Thu Apr 08 09-2440 1986 BSI BS#5493 02 MM bb24Gb9 O38bE47 923 BS 5493: 197 Contents Page Foreword 2 (Code drafting commitive Back cover Section one. General 1. Scope 2, References 3. Use of the code 3.1 General 3.2 Use by the excerienced specifier [3.3 Use by the non-technical specitier 3.4 Specification cequirements Section two, Factors influencing the choice of protective systems “4. Gonoral 4.1 Recognition of the problem 4.2 Questions related to design, use and site requirements 4,3 Questions relating to coating systems 5, Environment 5.1 Classification of types 5.2 Identification of relevant types 6. Life required of coating 6.1 Definition 6.2 Categories 6.2.1 Life to first maintenance 6.2.2 Life between subsequent maintenances 8.3 Accustment of life rec Design of the structure 8, Febrication 8.1 General 8.2 Faying surfaces of friction-grip joints 8.3 Fasteners 8.4 Procedure for welds 9. Facilites for application of coatings 10, Classification ond charactoriatiee of protective coatings 10.1 Classification 10.2 Characteristic advantages ot metal ana paint coatings 10.3 Other coatings 10.4 Application facts 10.5 Etfects of delays during application 10.6 Costs 11, Characteristics of metallic coatings 11.1 Zine coatings (other than zinc-tich paints) 1111 General 1112 Galvanizing 11.1.3 Shoraeaizing 11.1.4 Electroplating 11.2 Sprayed metal coatings 40 112.1 Generat 40 11.22 Sprayed-metal-plussealer systems 40 11.3 ‘Metal-plus-paint systems 40 113.1. General 40 i 11.3.2 Zine coatings plus paint 40 12, Characteristics of paint 2ysteme ‘metallic zine-rich paints) 40 12.1 General 40 42.1.1 Binders a0 12.1.2 Pigments a 12.18 High-build coatinas 4a 12.1.4 Compat 12.1.5 Solvents a1 S5SS8S8ssee (Copyright Dy he Bash STandards Testoton ‘Thu Apr 08 08.260 1986 12.16 Handling, stacking and repair 122 Zinerich points 12.3 Drying-ailtype paints 1244 One:pack chemical-esistant paints 12.5 Two:pack chemicalesstant paints 126 Bituminous coatings 1281 General 12.62 Coa tar pitches and bitumens 126.3 Asphaltic coatings 12.64 Application of coal tar pitches and asphalts 1265 Overcoating 18. Characteristics of some other protective systems 13.1 Powder coatings 13.2 Grease paints 12.3 Wrapping tapes and clever 18.3.1 Petroleumelly tapes 13.32 Syntneuic resin or plastc tapes 18.33 Coal ter and bitumen tapes 13.34 Tworpack taping 1335 Plastic sleeves 134 Protection of steel by cement and allied products 13,8 Cathodic protection 14, Surface preparation 141 General 142 Degreasing 143 Removal of scale and ust, 14.31 Blast-clesning 14.32 Acie pickling 143 Flamecieaning 14.344 Manual cleaning 144 Attention to detail Section three. Specifications and technical 15, Introduetion 16:1 The seope of this section 16.2 The need for specifications 15,3 The prime function of a Specification 14 Responsibilities in preparing a Specification 15.5 The communicative value of a Specification 15.6 Schedules 187 Details 18.8 Definition and allocation of responsibilities 16. Surfece preparation 16.1 Degreasing 16.2 Removal of rust and scale 16.2.1 Blac elosning 16.22 Acid pickling 16.23 Flame cleaning 16.24 Manual cleaning 17. Coating system 18. Strive coats 19. Control of thickness of paint coating 20. Contol of thickness of metal coating 20.1 Gotvanizing 20.2 Sprayed metal 48 B85 2, 22, 2, 24, 2. 3a 2 BSI BS*5493 02 MMH 1L24E69 0366648 SLT Materials 2UT Availability 21.2 Control of materials 21.21 Stora 21.2.2 Testing 21.3 Preparation for use Application of protective co 22.1 General 22.2 Painting 22.2.1 Brush-painting 22.2.2 Spray-painting 22.2'3 Other methods: 22.2.8 Surtace finish 22.2.5 Paint application procedure trials 22.2.6 Other general requirements of a painting Specification 22.3 Galvanizing and metal-spraying 22.8 Wrepping 225 Masties and sealants Working conditions 28.1 Generat 232 Temperature 233 Humaity 23.4 External conditions 235 Contamination of prepared surfaces and wet film 236 Shop conditions 23.7 Lighting 238 Hot conditions 239 Wealth and safety Handling, transport, storage and erection 24.1 Selection of coating systems 242 Methocl af peeventing damage 24.3 Storage of coated stoelwork 24.4 Responsibilities for preventing damage Treatients for ennections and ulbee pect 28.1. General requirements 252 Bolts 28.3 Surfaces of connections joined by bolts 25.2.1 Nontrietion-grip bolted eannactions 28.3.2 Faying surfaces of structural Connections joined by highstrength friction grip bots 25.4 Welded work 28.5 Clearance for coatings Manhole and joint cover plates, pipe couplings ‘and other small ters Machined and bearing surfaces ‘Steel in contact with other materials 28.1 Coating system 28.2 Stee! embedded in concrete 28.3 Steel in contact with timber 28.4 Steet in contact with other metals 285 Steel in contact with or near rain-washed 28.6 tool near to surfaces subject to treatment ‘with road (de-icing) salts Surfaces inaccessible on completion ‘Ancillary equipment Use of desiceants Remedial work 32.) General 32.2 Detects resulting from unsatistactory Cpyrene by the antsh Stancaras fisutonon ‘Thu Apr 08 09.2608 908 Be S2SSSesess eeeeesses ST 57 SSIsSss Bes BS 5493 : 1977 Page Isor workmanship 60 324 Early degradation of coatings 60 325 Other remedial messes 60 ‘53, Specifications for maintenance coatings 60 38.1 Factors for consideration Cy 93.2 Compaciiity of maintenance vith orignal system 60 383 Location of diferent treatments 60 334 Coating schedule 60 34, Final check 60 Section four. Inspection 35. Introduetion 6 136, Duties ofthe Inspector 6 37. Levels of inspection 6 38. Inspection schedule 61 39. Inspeetion record and reports 6 40. Inspection organization a 41. Meapurervent of film thickness e 41.1 Methods available 82 41.2 Procedures e 413 Caleulations 62 42. Sampling of materials 63 42. Inepeetion guide a Section five. Maintenance 444. The need for maintenance 2 45, Basic considerations of maintenance procedure n 46. Fectors affecting decisions on maintenance n 48.1 Condition of coatings n 48.2 Variability of deterioration according to location n 46.3 Factors affecting deterioration n 46.3.1 General n 46.3.2 Ettects of design on rates of deterioration 72 46.13 Effects of environment on rates oF eterioration 73 46.4 Type and use of structure B 7, Factor affecting choice of procedure n AIA Environment 3 47.2 Constraints onsite 3 448. Organization B 48.1 Labour 73 482 Inspection 73 48.3 Conduct of work on site 3 49. Choice of maintenance method 3 50. Choice of procedures i] 51. Surface preparation ™ 51.1 Ganeral 74 1.2 Factors appropriate to use of different ‘methods on site %4 51.2.1 Blastcleaning with or without the Addition of water ” 51.22 Flame-cteaning 4 51.2. Powered tools 8 51.2.4 Hand-operated tools 7s 52. Application 75 53. Standards of preparation B ‘54. Standards of application 8 54.1 General 5 54.2 Bushing 5 54.3 Roller-costing 8 BST BS*5U93 02 MM 2624665 0386649 7TL mm BS 5493 : 197 Poge 55. Revuierations for costing: 5 55.1 General 5 5.2 Previously painted steelwork 8 55.3 Previously metal-coated steelwork with Cr without additional coating 8 Section six. Safety and health 56. Legislation 78 156.1 Health and Satety at Work etc. Act 1974 78 156.2 Factories Act 1961 8 56.2 The Control of Pollution Act 1974 B '57. Operational hazards B 57.1 General 8 87.2 Hazards cw structure and surroundings 70 57.3 Risk of injury 7 57.3.1 Eyesight 9 87.32 Hearing 73 57.3.3 Respiratory system 79 58, Genorat hygiene n ‘Appendices {A. General principles of corrosion anaits control 80, 'B. Characteriatics of paint binders 0 © Chaeaetoristcs of paint ploments 2 D. Sampling of paint 4 E, Choosing the most economical defence against corrosion aa F. Methods for control of preparation (by blast. cleaning) 96 G. Test for detecting soluble rust-producing salts remaining on blast-cleand stee! 96 H. Example of use ofthe eoue 7 J. References anc bibliography 100 Foreword “This cade of practinn was originally published. under the number CP 2008, in 1966; in accordance with BSI policy ‘whereby codes of aractice are now published in the general series of British Standards, this revision is published es BS 5493. The code was originally drawn up to assist thote responsible forthe choiee or application of measures to protect iran and steel from corrosion. Since that time developments have taken place in both the ‘methods and processes concerned with the protection of steel from corrosion, and this new edition has been ienraced to take account of these chanoos. “The total content of the code has been reduced, the format has bean revised, and much of the explanatory matter that appeared in the original code has been omitted but essential background information has been included in the appendices. The esction an cathodic protection has been A ‘Omitted entirely and reference should be made to BS 7361 Part 1. ‘Sections on specitications ang inspection nave been included and this reflects the importance attached to these ‘matters 36 3 means of achievina the full potential of protective costings in practice A new leature of this code is the inclusion of reference rhumbers for complete protective systems and atso for their component parts, This should be of particular (Copyright by Whe Bets STandarasTstotion ‘Thu Apr 08 09-2605 1988 Page Tables 4, Environments and special situations 7 2, Principal types of coating systems 9 |. Hecommendations for protective costing systems for specific environments 10 44. Typical coating systems and theit components 24 5, Methods of blas-ciearing 45 6. Classification of abrasives used for elesningstest 46 7, Gommon types of masties and zeatante 55 B. Inspection guide 6a 9, Teeatment of previously painted steelwork 8 10, Site treatment of previously metal-costed steelwork 77 11, The effect of atmospheric pollution on corrotion 80 12, Comparison of paint performance with the corrotion rate of bare stel 80 13, Suggested layout of @cost-caleulaion rable 95 Figures 1 Typical lives of zine coatings in selected environments 2 2, Corrosion points a 3. Geewees a 4, Air circulation e.g, pipeline support 85 5. Drainage 85 6. Protection ofa stanchion at ground level 36 7. Corrosion ot gap in surrounding concrete 87 8, Design toe coating as 9, ecets for maintenance 88 10, Shop coating cost alate to thickness of steel 95 11, Acsessment of steel cleaning 96 Index 101 assistance to users where coatings or materials do not ‘comply with the relevant British Standards. Although some ‘compositional requirements ofthe coating materials are Included, thezs ara nat sufficiently detailed to provide ‘more than a general indication of the characteristics of the coatings, and are not intended to be used as standards The treatments suggested represent the minimum acceptable standard of good practice for important steet structures, In some buildings ond svusturee of importance lower standards of protection may be acceptable but the reduction of initial costs will generally Fesult in higher maintenance costs. Where steelwork is fully encased, eg, in concrete, the standard of protection vil generally be lower than that recommended hers Protective processes are constantly being developed and improved, the recommendations inthe code cannot, therafore be final and ate not intended to discourage the use of other measures and materials where they ean be show to be eauivalnt to or better than those recommended here. BS 5493 has been amended to accord with current UK. health and safety legislation, af a holding exercise pending changes in legislation resulting from EC Directives. Foterences in 88 6402 co other Bitch Standards have also been updated. BSI BS*5493 O2 MM LE246b9 O3SLLS0 418 mm RS 8493 : 1977 Section one British Standard Code of practice for Protective coating of iron and steel structures against corrosion —e———————— Section one. General 1. Scope This code classifies recommended methods of protection sgainst corrosion of iron and steel structures exposed to environments commonly encountered. It deseribes the various methods in deval and gives guidance on how to specitv 9 chosen protective system, how ta mncire ite correct application, and now it should be maintained, The code does not include specific recommendations for ships, von els, offshore platforms, specialized chemical equipment, or cladding materials: nor does it include detailed recommendations for nlatics coatings or cement-mortar linings. For some situations, weathering steel may be an alternative to ordinary structural sta! with applied coatings. No detailed recommendations on the use of weathering steels are given in this code and when their use is con- templated, aavice snould be sought t-om the steel industry. 2. References The code makes frequent reference to Swedish Standard SIS 05 59 00 ‘Pictorial surface preparstion standards for Peinting steel surfoces’, which may be purchased through the British Standards Institution ‘The ttles of the other standards publications referred ro in this code are listed on the inside back cover, Bibliographical references ar listed in appendix J 3. Use of the code 3.1. General. The mot frequent use of this coe is ikaly 10 be made when choosing ad specitying a protective system for @ new or proposed structure, For such a use the basic procedures ae a follows. (6) Identify the environment with the help of table 1. (b) Decide on the life requirement and select suitable systems (Irom the relevant part of table 3), () Compare those systems (with the assistance of the detailed information in table 4) and select the preferred system, {4} Detine the system as completely as possible using table @ and specify with the assistance of section thee, Thote four fundemental procaduras may be subdivided into more precise steps according to (1) the soverty of the environment, its local variations and any special conditions (2) the size and nature of the structural contract; and (3) the experience and technical expertise of the user of the code (see 3.2 end 3:3) “The code allocates kay taterence lettre ta the prineipal ‘groups of protective systams (se tables 2 and 3}. Some ‘ses of the code may be tempted to specify @ protective system by quoting only he system reference {third column of table 3} and on rare aecasions this minimum reference. may suffice fora specification, but in most cases it would leave a very wide choice of components and combinations ‘to be selected. It would therefore usually be wiser to salect more exeety (from the relevant part of table 4) the products to be used and to ensure that they are agreed by all parties concerned (see note following table 4F, part 4). ‘Altiough the correct selection ota protective system and the correct specification of materials and methods are both ‘essential, they do not, by themselves, ensure the adequate ‘ performance of the chosen system. The recommendations ‘ven in sections four, five and six are equally important to the fll realization of 3 eucoersful corrotion protection schome. ‘3.2 Use by the experienced specifier. A specifier who is ‘experienced inthe technology of protection against corrosion will need little quidanes on how to find the information required in the code, Nevertheless, thelist of ‘questions given in clause 4 may be a useful guide. ‘Attention is drawn especially to section three because its very important that decisions and requirements in 3 ‘complex specification be stated clearly and completely. 2.8 Use by the nontechnical specifier. A specifier with limited knowledge or experience ot corrosion protection will probably seek expert advice on any but the simplest of projects, but may and should study the code carefully ‘with a view to using it in one of the following ways (a) To vistinguish between the problems that do anc | {do not have simple solutions. (6) To consider tactors (eee clmise 4} that will provide evidence of the advantage of one type of system over another for specific requirements, {ec} To check thet a protective system or specification offered by a supplier fulfils the requirements of the code, {a To select, in accordance with 3.1(a) anid (8) above, a number of systems that meet the assessed environ: ‘mental conditions and the lite requirements and then tose clauses 10 to 13 to narrow the choice before seeking quotations, Attention is drawn to the step-by-step appruaus i appendix H. ‘The non-technical specifier may find in the code some ‘unfamiliar terminology. Most ofthe technical terms Used are defined in BS 2015, 3.4 Spectication requicements. Attention 1 drawn particularly to claiso 1 covering the need to specity, fully and coherently, all the required operations. The lives to first maintenance indicated in able 3 will be achieved ‘only by ensuring that the materials conform ta the specification and thatthe application, handling and inspeetion procedures given in sections three and four be followed, Nevertheless, the details given in this code (or imany standara} are often insutticient to seta quality standard and when a specifier finds this to be the cate he should require the suppliers of coatinas and other materils to provide appropriate performance data, Copyright by ie ants Stanuaras fesutoion ‘Thu Apr 08 09-2606 1988 BSI BS*5493 8S 5493: 1977 Section two Section two. Factors influencing the choice of protective systems 4, General 4.4 Recognition of the problem. Ihe design of structures is based largely on data and functional requirements which can be quantified. On the other hand the selection of a protective system involves qualitative judgement on the Felative importance of many factors that can vary widely tcxurtiny to the type of structure, it function, ite general location, its immediate environment, and any changes (natural or otherwise) that may occur in its environment. “There are other factors affecting the salection (such as required ife to first maintenance, thickness of coatings, fete) which may appear to be quantitative, but should be ‘Viewed with eaution, because in practic, the degree of variation may differ between one coating system and 02 M™ 2624569 03865) 354 a another, and between one proprietary material and another within an individual system. Costs may vary considerably even for the same coating system, and great care is necessary to ensure that quotations for apperently ideatial products or services o in fact cover tha same materials or application with the same degree of consistency and control. Appendix ‘ale with the overall economic asessinent of costs, ‘Some of the critical conditions and circumstances that have to bo taken into account before selecting a protective system are listed below in question form. Not every ‘question willbe relevant fora particular application and {he importance of each relevant question may vary. “The order of relevant questions may have to be changed. because some answers might be modified in the light of ‘answers to later questions, The list should therefore be studied asa whole before the questions are considered in detail 42 Questions related to design, use and site requirements 421 Function (a) What is the main function of the structure? {b) What are the secondary functions ofthe structur 422 Lite (a) For how longis it required to fulfil this function? (b} What isthe life to fist maintenance? (It may not be possible to decide this until further questions have been answered.) 4.23 Environment ‘e) Wet is the general (atmospheric) environment atthe site of the structure? (6) What localized effects exist or are to be expected (e.g. fumes from chimneys)? (ec) What other factors may affect the structure (69. surface temparanie and abrasion’? 4.2.4 Appearance (a) What isthe structure required 10 look like (colour and finish}? {b) Is the final coat to be applied on site? 8.29 special properties (a) What special properties are required ofthe coating {0.a.coefficient of friction)? 4.2.6 Maintenance (a) What access is there going to be for effective maintenanes? (b) What isthe possibiity of effective maintesnce? 4.2.7 Health and safery {a} Are any problems to be taken into account during initial treatment? (6) Ate any problems to be taken into account during maintenance ‘weatment? 4.28 Tolerance ‘Does the coating need to be tolerant of {6} indifferent surface preparation (b) indifferent application techniques (cl departures fcom specification? Sources of information Design remit Design remit Design emit, clauses 6 and 7, table 3 Conideratians of use and evoarsohy, clause 5, tabie 1 Table 1 Table 1 Design remit Depends on costing system solseted, 26,1 and consideration of (a) above Design emit, clauses 7 and B Consider design remit and site, 47.2 and A286 Section sx. Consider design and ste Clauses 9 and 17 Digcretion and experience Clause 17, discretion and experience Copyright by The Bath STandarasTestoton ‘Thu Apr 08 082607 1988 BSI BS¥S493 02 MH 124669 O386b52 290 Mi BS 5403 : 1077 Section two 4.3 Questions relating to costing systems 4.3.1. Coating systems {a} What coating systems are suitable? (b} Are these systems readily available? {c} Are the system elamonts mutually compatible? {d) Can the coats be applied by brash roller airless spray ther? describe) 4.3.2 Coating facilites () Are the coating facilities really wvilable (1) for factory application (2) for site application? (b) Do they cover all sizes and shapes of fabrication? {c} Do they permit speedy application? (a) Do the Foclities permit work to adequate standard? 4.3.3 Compatibility with engineering and metallurgical features (@) 1s the design and jainting of the structure compatible with the preferred coating technique? (b} Does surface preparation (blasting, pickling) or application of costing affect the mechanical properties of the stel in any way that matters? (6) Is the system compatible with cathodic protection? 434 Delays What delays should be allowed between (2) fabrication ana trst provective coatings (b) application of primer and undercoat; (6) application of uncercoat and finishina coat (4) final shop coat and erection; (6) etection and final treatment? 4.3. Transport, storage, ana nanaling How well does the coating withstand ‘excessive or careless handling: (b) ebrasion and impact; (6) early stacking; (8) exposure to sea water dating tare? 4.38 Experience (G) What is known of the consistent performance af the co 432 Export (a) What special precautions should be taken when the steelwork is exported? 4.38 Maintenance ) Is the deterioration of the coating rapid and serious if maintenance is delayed? 4.99 Costs (a) What are the approximate costs of (1) the basie system: (2) any addivional items (3) transport; (4) secs? () What are the approximate costs of maintenance? ‘Soures of information Clauses 10, 11, 12 and 24.1 Jom ae 08 cam one Clauses 7 and & 10.2, 19.2.1 and 162.3 Consult specialist 105 and 22.2.6, consult speciaist Clauses 12.1.6 and 24 Case histories Full cantieration af environment ‘uring transport, storage, and use Section five Cant analysis of previous contracts, appendix E: consult suppliers and contractors Cost analysis of previous maintenance; ‘appendix E; consult suppliers ‘and contractors The manner in which this list of questions ean asst in choosing a pratective system ix demonstrated in appendix H Cpynene by the sntsh Stanaaras nesutonon ‘Thu Apr 08 08-2608 1986 BSI BS*5493 02 MMH 2b24b9 038bb53 127 BS 5493: 1977 Section two 5. Environment bal Glasstication of types. Table 1 ives details of the most ‘common types of environment (extorior atmospheres, incudina the problems of sheltered conditions, building interiors, 2a water, fresh water, sol) and of special situations requiring additional or priority treatment {high temperatures, rofrigoeated turfacos, fungal and bacterial growth, chemicals, abrasion or impact local mining and encasement in concrete. “The definitions of environment and recommendations for coatings are primarily related to conditions in the United Kingdom. Hovraver, nnuch oversea construction is supplicd by and controlled from the United Kingdom. Ii chould be noted therefore, that subtropical and especialy tropical environments can be much more corrasive than those in Britain, because of the much higher and wider range of temperature, rainfall and humidity. The surface temperature of a structure can, after heavy rain, quickly reach 70°C or 80°C, and humidities ator lose to 100 % ean persist for long periods The salinities of both fresh and salt waters ean be much higher because of the high evaporation rater of yround water: and high water temperature promotes rapid growth (of corrosive bacteria, Ix should also be borne in mind that ‘when coated or uncoated goods are shipped trom a temperate climate into oF through a tropical climate, the environmental conditions eiting tansnort may be much more aggressive than those in which the coatings {ate intended to serve, For all these reasons, specialist advice sould be sougTt when considering protective schemes in such environment. 5.2 Identitieation of relevant types. When selecting @ protective system, identification of the environment ‘hould be allowed for by answering the following questions (a) What is the nature ofthe general anvironment? {b) Will the environment change markedly after ‘completion of the structure or in the foreseeable future? (6) I there local pollution, e.9, sulphur dioxide, which could make the enviconment more corrosive + than isa first apparent? (¢) Should the worst environment be allowed for wien determining protective systems or should the project be divided into diferent parts from an environmental standpoint? (0) War special situations apply. e.g. watersplanh and residual pools, vulnerability of posts to traffic near ‘ound level ar tloor levels? 6. Life required of coating 6.1 Detinition, Most structures are designed for a specific functional life, In the rare cases where access for repair or maintenance of the coatings is impossible, the inital protective coating will be required to have the same life ‘8 the sueture, More usually, however, the lie require ‘ont of the initial protectve coating is based on the time ‘which can elapse before major ar general maintenance of the coating becomes necessary. That tim is known a the ‘life to first maintenance’ and its values, elated 10 types fof environment and coating systems, are given in table 3 ‘which also indicates which systems have special maintenance requirements, ‘Copyright Dy We BAD STandarasTestoTion ‘Thu Apr 08 08-2608 1986 ‘Section five of the code gives details of conditions of ‘coating which indicate that maintenance is due. 6.2 Catego 6.2.1 Life to frst maintenance. The K life are used in table 3 lowing ranges of Very long typically 20 years or more tong typically 1010 20 yeors Medium typically 5 t0 10 years Short ‘woically les than 5 years It should be noted however, that there may be wide variability in the environment and in the application of the coating system which may shorten or lengthen the expected maintonance-fee life. However, when rraintenance i du after 20 years or more on ‘very lon Iie" systems in the more unfavourable combinations of cireumstanees, the coating may have deteriorated to such fnextent that it may be necanary to blastcean ond recoat the steelwork (eee clause 85), On structures with 2 design life of moce than 50 years itis advisable to tnspeet the coatings earlier than the date scheduled for ‘maintenance, It an then be decided if maintenance work {Should be putin hand earlier than the scheduled date in order to preserve the integrity of the coating that was applied initially. Mechanical darage to coatings during handling, transport and erection is not considered in table 3 but is discussed in clause 24 aid table B 2ection Four). 6.2.2 Life between subsequent maintenances. After gavan- ined or metal-eprayed structures have been painted subsequent maintenance will be of the paint scheme. ‘Well maintained painted structures may have longer lives between maintenance operations a te total intact paint Film becomes thicker. 16.3: Aszorement of life requirement. It may he necessary 10 assess the life ofeach part of 2 structure separately (eee 5.21d) and (e) and 15.6) For each assessment {wethor or not more than one is required) the foltowing points should be taken into account. (a) Required life of structure (b} Decorative aepects; the decorative life of a coating is not usally as ong asthe protective lif. (6) Irreversible deterioration if scheduled maintenance is delayed. (4) Difficulty oF eae of access for maintenance (see clause 7) (6) Technical and engineering problems in maintenance (1) Minimum acceptable period between maintenances. (@) otal maintenance costs, Including shut owe of plant, closure of roads, access costs, et. 7. Design of the structure “The design of the strucgure may intluence the choice of protective system, It ay be appropriate and economic to Frodify the design (see BS 4479) to suit the preferred protective system. The following points should be borne in mind when designing. {a) Easy access for protection and maintenance should be provided and, wherever possible, pockets and recesses in which water and dict may eallect should be avoided, Corrosive ehemiate including de-icing salts, should be directed away from structural components, e.g. by drainage tubes BSI BS*5493 02 MMH b24bb9 0386654 O63 a BS 5493 : 1977 Section two Table 1. Environments and special situations en cotesorr | mriton Relerant category] Oeseriton Relea peor partof {abies ole ne es ane “ypleaty ena mines, Portia Seemed War hamid conditions Nowpotuwes | Most ut and suburban ars wth | Part 1 Water present oH 2.50 11) and NOTE: Sore sopra nonindra} Eneasement | Altaine concrete anay trom Part 4 Se teccing fo meeting wing low to surace snd in cracks Potuied | Airborne stprur oxen. ororner | P52 canguaua” | ponmsoe nea to inoswiow ont tana en min eee easccatman | [eames oisese Non potted | As nonalltediniind witha | par 7 Coon! ‘ecctabe, Typsaly mae Sst Wig “The temperate apectsunsally of | Part 1 than a ean aieh may be st temperature | grater importance the the ere fe 025 kor a mach km, seriecn | stmorptere. Thermal shock mey ‘coring to prevating wind a ers tobe comndned Topoaroty tout mit fequen lt = ‘pray wea at ea water ol core) cs Pott eat acreanea nea pata Rettsond | Spesticcorasion haters tom | Part 16 coastal eect: Typical nearer coum, ana Bot quid ne vapour than a tans en may be tle Iter | ust soln and petroleum Ozeemorsemch ar 9m setieror | progicu win guraton etec rng to prevating wndand thane” | on many organic costings Tepegaohy out with freuant iss Rood Sales containing shorides wind io | Par 17 SR ec naa UGozing | tpprentice formation ore sits portly on igre Serie, | Artherescceosnos meted sein, [FO%3 Aiymion "| Aitionalconideracon insome | Part 18 Setered | baciyventiated, ane normaly Sime | Sete sibjct a condration pn ‘et hie Fongi ana | Acciona consigeration some | Park 19 tactrie | Sppistons Interor | lide buildings which may or may Normaty | stows tor sme condensation and | Part 6 aw {ovexteror conan curing Frequent | Subsantt condensation, comp nde | a. swimming bme ten? Nonaatie | Potbi and non porate water Pane Doplicaie vo ver stations, nd domestic wate oyters immersed | Permanent immerson.e..submerd | Par 10 splat zore | wondane voter ares of foting ond | Part 9 sot rth sand, rock, ete Many taved [Pan 13, ral of tunnel ond underround rap tanks * Gopyrene by ie ontsh Stanaaras resutonon ‘Thu Apr 08 08-2609 1988 BSI BS*S493 02 MH b24G9 O38bb55 TTT Mo 8S 8499 : 1977 Section two (b) Cartain areas may, after erection, be inaccessible for maintenance and so may require a coating system designed to last forthe total life of the structure. (6) Some structural sections may be more suited to some coating ystems than others: e.9, hollow sections can be more eatily wrapped than structural shapes. (a) The method or size of febrication may preclude oF limit some coating systems. (6) The absence of sharp adzes facilitates the even application of paints which might recede from aris. (1) If materials are chosen which may give serious bimetallie corrosion problems additional measures are necessary. (See PD 6484.) The effect of contact with ‘ther Building materials ehowld be coasidered (soe cause 28) (a) Electrical continuity in some exposed steel structures can be important. If continuity is not otherwise provided, copper tapes may have to be Lome to the stee! ports to bridge the discontinuity {e.g lightning conductors) but this creates ask of bimetallic corrosion. Metal coatings retain electrical continuity and most paint coatings provide electrical 8. Fabrication 8.1 General. Full protection applied inthe shop immediately after fabrication normally results in 2 longer life of the protective eyetom. However, damage during transportation and erection may subsequently necessitate widespread repair or touch-up of coatings, s0 specifiers may prefer to leave a final coat or coats of a multicoat ‘ystom for application on site. This may, however, Gelay site mtrk, 2g. removal of scaffolding. When the final cast of paint i applied on sito the specifier should choose ‘a system that is tolerant of delay (with possible contami acon) ar shi stage. The specification shuld state clearly who is to be responsible for quality control at each stage inthe fabrication and processing 8.2 Faying surfaces of friction grip joints." The faying 1c of Teietion-grip bolted joints (see BS 3294 and BS AGUS) require special attention. left Dar, ait points where moisture could gain access should be effectively staled. The elternative isto protect the faying surfaces, but in this ease the effect of the protective schemes on the slip factor has t0 be closely investigated, and their Lectuavioun under static, dynamic and sustained loeding should be considered. If adequate test results are not available they should be obtained. Consideration should also be given to possible losses of pre-tension arsing from the behaviour of protective coatings on fasteners and in IWietion-grip joints. Sprayed aluminium or zine, hota galvanizing, paints of the zinc silicate type, or special ‘paints with abrative additions may be considered. Most organie-based protective coatings, nctuaing strippable coatings, ols, and waxes, would greatly reduce the slip factor below the accantable values for properly prepated steel (Copyright by The Bren Standards Testoton ‘Thu Apr 08 0926.10 1988 8.3 Fasteners. Fasteners which aco exposed after assembly, stich a5 steel pipe- and cable-hangers, are zinc: oF ‘aluminium coated, or blast-leaned and primed before ‘welding-on (f not blast-cleaned with the structure]. Fining nuts and bolts may be galvanized (soe BS 729), sherardized (see BS 4921}, or electroplated (see BS 3382 and table 4), An adequate thickness of zinc should be Specified, and when the zine coating on fasteners (Gpplied by galvanizing, elecwoplating or sherardizing) is too thin forthe life requirement, further coatings ‘ould be applied on surfaces exposed after assembly 28 follows. {a) Zine

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