• Maximum voltage = (0.8-0.

9) open circuit voltage

• Maximum current = (0.85-0.95) short circuit current

1.5 FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE OF SOLAR PANEL ARRAY

1. Operating temperature
2. Solar intensity
3. Sun angle

4. I- V operating point (load matching for maximum power)

1.6 I-V CHARACTERISTIC OF SOLAR PANEL

Solar panel I-V Characteristic Curve show the current and voltage (V-I) characteristics of a particular
photovoltaic ( PV ) cell, module or array giving a detailed description of its solar energy conversion
ability and efficiency. Knowing the electrical V-I characteristics (more importantly Pmax) of a solar
cell, or panel is critical in determining the device's output performance and solar efficiency.

1.7 PARAMETERS OF SOLAR PANEL

1. Short Circuit Current of Solar cell: The maximum current that a solar cell can deliver
without harming it own constriction. It is measured by short circuiting the terminals of the
cell at most optimized condition of the cell for producing maximum output. It is denoted by Isc.

2. Open Circuit Voltage of Solar Cell: It is mea used by measuring voltage across the terminals of
the cell when no load is connected to the cell. This voltage depends upon the techniques of
manufacturing and temperature but not fairly on the intensity of light and area of exposed surface.
Normally open circuit voltage of alarm cell nearly equal to 0.5 to 0.6 volt. It is normally denoted by
Voc.

3.Maximum Power Point of Solar Cell: The maximum electrical power one Solar cell can
deliver at it standard test condition. If we draw the I-V characteristics of a solar cell maximum power