CAN SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES

SUPPORT THE GLOBAL ENERGY TRANSITION AND HOW

SUSTAINABLE IS IT?

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
INTRODUCTION:....................................................................................................................2
BACKGROUND:......................................................................................................................2
OBJECTIVE & AIM:................................................................................................................2
LITERATURE REVIEW:.........................................................................................................3
METHADOLOGY:....................................................................................................................3
IMPORTANCE:.........................................................................................................................3
REFERNCES.............................................................................................................................4

INTRODUCTION:
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Sub-Saharan Africa is home to one of the world's greatest resource reserves. The mining
industry, on the other hand, have failed to contribute to the greater population's social and
economic progress. At the same time, industrial sectors all over the world require access to
raw materials from African countries in order to make the shift to green energy technology a
success

BACKGROUND:
Although Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is the epicentre of global energy poverty, its portfolio of
energy resources, if adequately developed and equally dispersed, is more than enough to meet
the world’s overall energy needs. SSA now has roughly 588 million people without access to
electricity and 783 million people without access to safe cooking fuels. If we talk Globally a
rough estimate of 940 million people are deprived of electricity, what we call a basic need.
Given that almost all the nations' present energy systems are dominated by fossil fuels and
traditional biomass, the problem becomes much more daunting in the context of climate
change. Significant investments in the sub-energy region's industry will be required to further
socio-economic development throughout the world. Many SSA nations have recognised this
and have prioritised energy on their political agendas. Furthermore, as a result of increased
worries about this issue, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have
made energy access, renewable energy, and energy efficiency its aim number seven.
Energy derived from biomass, animal waste, wind, sun, geothermal, and fossil fuels has long
been a component of human history and development in worldwide, where the bulk of the
population is influenced by infrastructure, productivity, and energy usage. Economic growth
is linked to higher metal usage, and it is projected that all the nations globally, particularly
those in Sub-Saharan Africa, would increase their need for metals during the next decade,
potentially affecting climate change.
Africa can use its rich supply of more cost-competitive renewable energy to meet rising
electricity demand while avoiding a global fossil-fuel lock-in. Energy demand at Global level
is predicted to nearly quadruple by 2040, even with efficiency measures in place, as
populations rise and living standards improve. Africa can generate new employment
worldwide, experience stronger economic growth alongside other nations, and reap social and
health advantages while helping to prevent the disastrous effects of climate change by
selecting sustainable energy sources over fossil fuels.
Access to an inexpensive and efficient energy supply, stable and diverse energy sources, less
reliance on traditional fuels, and a focus on renewable, sustainable energy sources are all
factors that contribute to sustainable development (e.g., biomass, solar, wind, and
geothermal). Around the world in many parts, energy is provided in insufficient quantities, at
a cost, in a form, and of a quality that limits the majority of the population's usage.

OBJECTIVE & AIM:

The general goal of this research is to look at the implications of several sustainable energy
routes for the world through Sub-Saharan Africa's energy system in the shadow of Extractive
Industries.
This article aims to do the following:
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 Evaluate the future trend of energy consumption for various policy paths
 Investigate the impact of various policy options on environmental emissions.
 To answer the question whether Sub-Saharan Africa is capable of helping the world
to transition from non-renewable sources to renewable ones.

LITERATURE REVIEW:
For various developing nations and the SSA sub-region, residential energy systems have been
simulated. Individual nations in SSA, on the other hand, have garnered less attention over
time. The Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System (LEAP) model was used to
predict the energy usage of certain households in Ethiopia, an SSA nation.

METHADOLOGY:
The approach which is to be adopted here is to see how much metal of interests are available
in the Sub-Saharan Africa and comparing it with the total energy and resources required to
transition towards the Green World Approach. Hence both, quantitative and qualitative
techniques can be adopted.
In this study, the TIMES model generator will be used to create a home energy system model
for the world. The International Energy Agency's Energy Technology System Analysis
Initiative (ETSAP) will guide the development of TIMES in a collaborative programme
(IEA). For the sectoral, local, national, multi-regional, or global energy system, TIMES is a
multi-period bottom-up partial equilibrium model generator. It employs an optimization
method and assumes perfect foresight in order to deliver the lowest-cost energy system based
on a set of user-defined restrictions (e.g. resource availability, technology penetrations,
emissions cap etc). It's also one of the most well-known energy systems modelling platforms,
with over 70 nations using it.

IMPORTANCE:
This research will deal with how the Extractive industry of Sub-Saharan Africa can be a
blessing in the objective of the World to shift from non-renewable to renewable sources and
green transition. For this purpose we will focus only on the metals such as nickel, cobalt and
aluminium and not on the depleting sources such as Oil and gas extraction industry, also a
great part of the Sub-Saharan Africa’s industries.
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REFERNCES
1. Andreasson, S. (2015). "Varieties of resource nationalism in sub-Saharan Africa's
energy and minerals markets." The Extractive Industries and Society 2(2): 310-319.

2. Hilson, G. and J. McQuilken (2014). "Four decades of support for artisanal and small-
scale mining in sub-Saharan Africa: a critical review." The Extractive Industries and
Society 1(1): 104-118.

3. Kebede, E., et al. (2010). "Energy consumption and economic development in Sub-
Sahara Africa." Energy economics 32(3): 532-537.