Name ________________________

Date ____________ Period _______

Chemistry and Water Review
Chemistry Vocabulary
Atomic mass - the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Neutron – neutral (0) charge, found in the nucleus of an atom
atomic mass – proton number = neutrons
Proton – positive (+) charge, found in the nucleus of an atom
Electron – negative (-) charge, found spinning around the nucleus of an atom
Atomic number – equal to the proton number AND the electron number

Chemistry Basics
1. Fill in the chart below.
Element Element Protons Neutrons Electrons Atomic Atomic Mass
Symbol Number
Barium Ba 56 81.33 56 56 137.33

Zinc Zn 30 35.38 30 30 65.38

Bismuth Bi 83 125.98 or 16 83 83 208.98

2. How many protons does Copper contain? 29

3. How many neutrons does Manganese contain?30

4. How many electrons does Xenon have? 54

5. Which is heavier, Lead or Tungsten? Explain.

Lead because it has a bigger atomic mass.

Water and Its Properties Vocabulary

Polarity – the unique way water’s electrons are balanced, it gives water many of its properties
Hydrogen bonds – the bonds holding oxygen to hydrogen in water molecules
Covalent bonds – the bonds holding water molecules to each other
Cohesion – water sticking to water
Adhesion – water sticking to something else
Specific heat – water needs a lot of energy to raise its temperature
Acid – many H+ ions, 0-6 on the pH scale
Base – many OH- ions, 8-14 on the pH scale
Water density – ice is less dense than liquid water
Surface tension – water molecules hold together on the surface, forming a barrier
Solvent – something that dissolves something else
Solute – something that is dissolved in something else

Water Basics
6. Draw 2 water molecules in the box to the right. Include and label:
 a hydrogen bond
 Name ________________________
Date ____________ Period _______
 where the negative charge is
 where the positive charge is
 how they bond together (opposites attract)

7. Water is considered a “universal solvent.” Explain what this means and give a real-life example.
It means that it can dissolve more substances than any other liquid.

8. Explain why insects like water striders can “walk on water.” Give another example of this property.
They can walk on water due to surface tension, for example mosquitoes when they lay their eggs on your pool.

9. Explain how water can go against gravity. Use the terms “cohesion” and “adhesion” in your answer (and think about
the celery).

10. Why is it that water in a pot takes a long time to boil but the pot itself gets hot almost instantly? Use the term “specific
heat” in your explanation.
It takes a long time because water maintains a specific heat for example since we are made 70% of water then all that
allows us to maintain a stable internal temperature.

11. Why is it a good thing that water’s solid is less dense than its liquid? Reference an pond ecosystem in your answer.
Is a good thing because if it would be denser then all the organism living inside of body of water would die due to the
extreme pressure it would release.

12. Where can the following be found on the pH scale?

 An acid 0-6
 A base 8-14
 where neutral is 7
 where distilled (pure) water should be 7

***IF YOU FINISH EARLY, FIND SOMEONE TO WORK ON VOCABULARY WITH!!***