AND

R ACADEMIC
H FO
ENGLIS

ES
NAL PURPOS
SSIO
PROFE

Academic text

and

it's structure

MAÁM AIRA ALIWALAS

 AND
R ACADEMIC
H FO
ENGLIS

ES
NAL PURPOS
SSIO
PROFE

Academic text

and

it's structure

MAÁM AIRA ALIWALAS

 English for Academic an
ENGLISH FOR d Professional Purposes
to enhance your comm aims
unication skills particu
ACADEMIC AND
writing academic and p larly in
rofessional composition
PROFESSIONAL
also designed to develo s. It is
p your abilities to utiliz
PURPOSES appropriate language i e
n academic writing fro
various disciplines usin m
g correct text structu
res.
 E WE
EFOR
B

T
STAR

What have
you written
so far?
 What have
you written
so far?
 Difference

NON-ACADEMIC ACADEMIC TEXT

TEXT
Book Review
Movie Review
Summer Vacation
Proposal Paper
Christmas Vacation
Concept Paper
Letters
Research paper
Poems
Skit writing
 Description
DEMIC
N- ACA
NO

TEXT

A writing that is personal.

emotional, impressionistic

or subjective in nature.

Informal in tone
opinions

emotional appeal of the author

 DEfinition

C TEXT
DEMI
ACA

Is defined as critical, oBjective,

specialized texts written by experts

or professionals in a given field using

formal language.

BAsed on facts
formal, technical

SOlid basis
and objective
 Academic text
ONAL OR
S
IMPER

JECTIVE
OB

AVOID
DIREC
T REF
EREN
CE
TO PE
OPLE
OR FE
ELING

MUST
BASE
D ON
FACTS

ONLY
.

DATA driven
 Academic text

NICAL
TECH

BY US
ING VO
CABU
LARY
SPEC
IFIC T
O THE

DISCI
PLINE
 virus

ICT-TVL
STEM STUDENTS
academic

writing
 RY ANALYSIS
LITERA

A literary analysis essay examines, evaluates, and

makes an argument about a literary work. As its name
suggests, a literary analysis essay goes beyond mere
summarization.

It requires careful close reading of one or multiple

texts and often focuses on a specific characteristic,
theme, or motif.
 RCH PAPER
RESEA

A research paper uses outside information to support a

thesis or make an argument. Research papers are written
in all disciplines and may be evaluative, analytical,
or critical in nature.
Common research sources include data, primary sources
(e.g., historical records), and secondary sources
(e.g., peer-reviewed scholarly articles).
Writing a research paper involves synthesizing
this external information with your own ideas.
 ISSERTATION
D

A dissertation (or thesis) is a document submitted at the

conclusion of a Ph.D. program.
The dissertation is a book-length summarization of the
doctoral candidate’s research.
Academic papers may be done as a part of a class,
in a program of study, or for publication in an
academic journal or scholarly book of articles a
round a theme, by different authors.
 TEXT

STRUCTURE

is an important feature
of academic writing.
ACADEMIC TEXT
 STRUCTURE
TEXT

A well-structured text enables the reader to

follow the argument and navigate the text.

In academic writing a clear structure and a

logical flow are imperative to a cohesive text.
 STRUCTURE
TEXT

These are the two common structures of

academic texts that you need to learn which
depends on the type of assignment you are
required:

the three-part essay structure and

the IMRaD structure.
 Y STRUCTURE
REE-PART ESSA
THE TH

The three-part essay structure is a basic structure that consists of

introduction, body and conclusion.
The introduction and the conclusion should be shorter than the
body of the text.
For shorter essays, one or two paragraphs for each of these
sections can be appropriate.

For longer texts or theses, they may be several pages long.

 DUCTION
INTRO
 THE BODY

It develops the question, “What is the topic about?”.

It may elaborate directly on the topic sentence by giving
definitions, classifications, explanations, contrasts, examples
and evidence.

This is considered as the heart of the essay because it

expounds the specific ideas for the readers to have a
better understanding of the topic. It usually is the
largest part of the essay.
 NCLUSION
CO

The conclusion is closely related to the introduction and is often described as

its ‘mirror image’.
This means that if the introduction begins with general information and ends
with specific information, the conclusion moves in the opposite direction.
The conclusion usually begins by briefly summarizing the main scope or
structure of the paper, confirms the topic that was given in the introduction,
ends with a more general statement about how this topic relates to its
context.
This may take the form of an evaluation of the importance of the topic,
implications for future research or a recommendation about theory or
practice.
 AD STRUCTURE
THE IMR

The sections of the IMRaD structure are Introduction, Methods,

Results and Discussion.
The Introduction usually depicts the background of the topic and the
central focus of the study.
The Methodology lets your readers know your data collection
methods, research instrument employed, sample size and so on.

Results and Discussion states the brief summary of the key

findings or the results of your study.
FEATURES OF

ACADEMIC

WRITING
 2 Types of Text

NON-ACADEMIC ACADEMIC TEXT

TEXT
Book and Movie Review
Proposal Paper
Summer Vacation
Concept Paper
Christmas Vacation
Research paper
Letters
Poems
Skit writing
 FEATURES OF ACADEMIC WRITING

PURPOSE to inform, to persuade and to argue. it is also considered a formal

mode of writing intended for academic or scholarly type of audience.
FORMAT It usually includes an introduction, a body and a conclusion which wraps
up any final thoughts. Either be the 3 Part Essay or the IMRad
TONE Academic Tone, Formal and Professional
MODE it is also considered a formal
mode of writing
 FEATURES OF ACADEMIC WRITING

Style Style also involves word choice, coherence, conciseness, and

correctness.
it is generally written in a third person point of view, and tends to rely heavily on
Point of View
research, factual experimentation and evidence, and the opinions of other educated
scholars and researchers, rather than on the opinions of the author.
Take note!
The subjects within academic writing are as limitless Keep in mind that in writing academic
since anyone could write any subject provided that it
text you have to make sure that your
is within a scholarly context, and that the topic,
stand, or argument is clearly stated and sustained all statements are backed up with strong
through-out the discussion. and valid evidences.
Organizational

Patterns
 Description

This type of text structure features a detailed

description of something to give the reader a
mental picture.
 Cause and Effect

This structure presents the causal relationship between a

specific event, idea, or concept that follow. The results of
something are explained.

Example: Global warming is the

tremendous increase of the global
temperatures, which results due to the
trapping of heat in the atmosphere.
 Comparison/Contrast

This type of text examines the similarities and differences between two or
more people, events, concepts, ideas, etc. two or more things are described.
Their similarities and differences are discussed.
Example: The Technical Vocational Livelihood or TVL Track is
designed to provide students with job-ready skills that they
will need in the future while the Academic Track help students
prepare for the subject specialization of the college course to
be taken in the future.
 Order/Sequence

This text structure gives readers a chronological of events

or a list of steps in a procedure.
Example: Planting cactus and succulents is
easy. First, prepare your pot, soil and plant.
Next, put the soil into the pot, then dig a little
hole in the middle and put the plant in it.
 Problem-Solution

This type of structure sets up a problem or problems, explains the

solution, and then discusses the effects of the solution. a problem is
described and a response or solution is proposed or explained.
Example: Thousand of people have died since this
pandemic broke out. What we can do for now is to
stay at home, observe physical distancing, and
wash hands often.
 AND
R ACADEMIC
H FO
ENGLIS

ES
NAL PURPOS
SSIO
PROFE

Academic

text
Thank You!