CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY

The use of remote control for the operation of home appliances is on increase

owing to its ease of use and comfort. The concept of controlling appliances using

human voice is interesting. Many researchers have worked in this area and findings

have been presented on how to remotely control appliances. Some of them used

internet, wireless technology to communicate and control appliances. Others used

remote, computers etc, for controlling the appliances. The main aim of our system

is to build a perfect companion for someone to be at home or in his/her office and

control electronic appliances using voice. It’s a Bluetooth and GSM technology

system based that can accept voice as direct commands and process them. The

system is reasonably cheap, easy to configure and easy to use. The users should be

able to control all the appliances from any point in their home by establishing a

wireless control via Bluetooth. The proposed scheme in this paper can produce an

integrated portable system that can wirelessly control two or more appliances. We

demonstrate a system that can be integrated as a single portable unit and allows the

user to wirelessly control home electrical appliance by turning them ON and OFF

accordingly. The voice command conveyed to the control unit is been converted to
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binary sequence by the microcontroller which switches the load ON/OFF as

desired. The microcontroller unit takes command and performs the required

decision.

We live in a world which is rapid in advancements, through these advancements in

fields like wireless communication and information technology it’s now possible to

integrate various aspects of smartness in a house. Now looking into comfort living

and easy living, technology as made available various consumer electronic [home

appliance] such as central air conditioned and heating, lighting systems and others,

controlled by different units based on infra-red or just normal switch systems.

On the other hand, voice recognition wireless home automation as created an

avenue for real life voice command interaction between the consumer electronics

[home appliance] and the consumers/users which is done wirelessly. Basically

looking into the demography of the world’s population we see 15-64 years of both

male and female taking the most percentage of the population [65.9%], in this

percentage are home owners, elderly, disabled etc. (wikipedia, 2019) caring for and

supporting the growing population is the major concern for the Governments

worldwide, this home automation meets the needs of consumers looking for

luxury, sophistication, and special needs so it’s basically for everyone. This system

majorly provides better control locally and remotely, improving usability and

functionality of any home it’s installed in enabling savings on cost and power.

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This project is generally changing the conventional methods of switching on/off of

house hold appliance without necessarily being close to the appliance , with the use

of transceivers [as far as 1.1km from the appliance] creating a wide range of

connectivity between the user and the appliance wirelessly, a V3 voice recognition

module [text dependent] which can comprehend about 80 commands for

application, just to mention a few aids .the focus of this report is the detailed

analysis of the design and prototype testing of home automation with voice

recognition done wirelessly.

The method adopted is the use of two systems, one handling the voice recognition

and sending the results wirelessly to the other system handling the home

automation in which all steps and procedures to arrive at this is explained later on

in the report including studies on the subject matter, importance of this project

can’t be over emphasized cause it’s an avenue of making living more comfortable

and not to a certain set but to all including people with special needs.

1.3 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

A home is significant to its owner and everyone within it, every upright

person/family has a home, where is termed as a refuge, where rest and care must be

available for occupant(s) for the comfort of living, we all know human wants are

insatiable and for this, comfort must be improved on steady base and not only for

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the consumption of a certain set of people but for all worldwide. To meet this

standard smartness must be integrated to homes and also being at a safe pace and

being security and environmentally conscious, various means of integrating

smartness to a home is available but this project is focused on voice

recognition for the home’s automation done wirelessly it can be used a lot more

than home automation like security and all but this project is sticking to just home

automation.

1.4 HYPOTHESIS AND RESEARCH QUESTION

The project is to build a Voice Control Home Automation System Using Arduino

and HC-05. This project utilizes a microcontroller and Bluetooth module. A

microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit designed to govern a specific

operation in an embedded system. So in this system the microcontroller controls

the function of the lights. HC-05 module is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP (Serial

Port Protocol) module, designed for transparent wireless serial connection setup.

This way the lights can be controlled wirelessly with Bluetooth.

1.5 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The aim of this project is to design and implement [prototype testing] a smartness

of voice interaction for home automation done wirelessly for switch on/off of the

electrical appliances connected to it.

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 Objectives are to;

1. To integrate smartness into homes or offices or anywhere need be usable

to all

2. To eradicate conventional switches and ease up the condition of living

3. To allow automation interaction over a wide range of distance.

1.1 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The project deals with households and can also be applied/shifted to spaces in need

of such smartness, it’s a means to ease the method/condition of living, integrating

smartness/automation to buildings applied to with the beauty of voice recognition.

Some major significance is; Voice interaction with home appliance Wireless

communication at a wide range between the operating the automation and the

system operating the voice recognition.

The project is profitable for all as to any sound can be comprehended as a

command

1.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Though, this proposed system has its various applications in different places, but

for the purpose of this paper, its application is limited to that of television.

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1.3 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

There were not many problems encountered but still it’s not an ideal system as to

some problems were still encountered, while working on the system these are the

problems encountered;

1. The voice recognition system produces error in response to background

noise, and requires absolute silence and solitude to work properly,

otherwise it can pick noise signals, and produce error in response to it.

2. Another thing noticed about the system development is, that since the voice

recognition module sends out a unique address each time a command is

spoken, it must have a distinct decoder to match addresses with. This way,

there is the requirement to use many different decoders for each

approaching address, which makes the circuit design slightly complicated.

3. The receiver and transmitter circuits will work only at voltage between

3.3V – 5V, so batteries and voltage regulator used should be of good quality

and be kept under check.

4. Another problem is the selection of components where the components

available were clones and do not conform to the basic principles.

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 CHAPTER 2

2.0 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Kubilay TASDELEN, in the year made audio controlled home automation

possible with EasyVR microphone, sounds are detected through the use of the

card/module, the EasyVR commander is then tasked to with the program, the result

of this comparison to determine the Arduino Uno decision giving out the

instruction to the relay card which switching to be done provides the necessary

control, in conclusion to the project the performance and efficiency of the project

are changing from time to time due to differences in voice resounding. Criticizing

the use of the microcontroller, a more portable and cheaper one could have been

used like the Arduino Nano to safe cost and space for the device, also criticizing

the use of direct communication to the device in a wide range without a secure

channel as to sound can reflected as to the result of the conclusion.

Awadalla Taifour Ali and Gayatri R.Shinde in the year 2015 maneuvered using a

wireless channel (RF modules) which is an exemplary idea but still voice

commands are trained and on the Easy VR2.0 voice recognition unit utilizing the

software “Easy VR Commander” but (Gayatri R.Shinde, July 2015) used a V3

recognition module and added a keypad for a non-voice controlled automation.

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The two projects give an option of registering any custom voice command and then

training the module to recognize the command. Also, that voice command can be

tested for an accurate recognition by speaking it in the microphone and then the

software indicates the command spoken on the screen. This software also has a key

feature of generating an ARDUINO-based code depending on the number of voice

commands trained, which is compatible with “Energia”. Here, the software

“Energia” is used to program the Arduino UNO development board, which

contains the Atmega328-IC [6-8]. In conclusion of the project the preliminary test

results are promising.

(Marlon Jose and, 2015) procured a project on the development of a voice

command system as the Offline Google Speech Recognition Engine taking care of

the recognition part. The system’s user intermediary is a cell phone Android

Application, which send instruction also to an Arduino board to execute the

commands, in conclusion of the project sometimes, the Google Speech

Recognition was not able to recognize the speech. Therefore, that opens up the

opinion that this tool is not fully reliable, and further development of a more

reliable speech recognition tool should be considered.

(Rahul Deokar, in the year2019, proving a voice-controlled home automation

system could be incorporated with an ATmega328p instead of an Arduino board

where the voice commands given by the user via AMR application which coverts
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voice to electrical signal is transferred by Bluetooth to the microcontroller which

detects the voice command and proceeds with the switching accordingly.

(Aqeel-ur-Rehman, 2014) proposed a system is an innovation to this technology

where the VCHAS (voice command home automation system) is introduced to be

more compatible and comfortable by bringing a mobile device to the consumers.

VCHAS incorporated a transducer, keyboard, Integrated circuit for speech

recognition, RF module, and AVR microcontroller primarily. Additional

equipment such as the LCD is commonly added to develop the home automation

systems capabilities and make it more users friendly.

2.2 CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE

The system is a smart advancement in technology and a major eye opener to what

technology can achieve, with the use of compact components and technical

thinking for the mode of operation, as made the system of optimal status with the

key advantage of portability and flexibility making it a major elevation from the

use of conventional switches.

2.3 PROPOSED SYSTEM’S THEORIES

In this project, a Bluetooth wireless technology as a wireless means of

communication is used. The Bluetooth module receives the command from mobile

phone and passes to the Arduino and from the Arduino to the relay circuit. The

main purpose of using Bluetooth wireless technology is to provide the desired

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range and feasibility. The microcontroller device with the Bluetooth module and

relay circuit needs to be attached to the bread board. The microcontroller is

instructed to switch ON/OFF an appliance when the android base application

“Smart Voice” is launched. After getting the instruction through the Bluetooth

module, the microcontroller gives the signal to the relay board. The application

first searches for the Bluetooth device. The voice recognizer is launched if the

application finds the appropriate available Bluetooth. The audio signal is converted

to a string having read the voice by the application. A value is produced for each

appliance and sent to the microcontroller. A signal is sent to the parallel port for

the purpose of activating the relay circuit when the input data is read and decoded.

2. 4 EXPECTED RESULT

In the present day, robotization is getting the chance to be particularly essential

with the true objective of advancing our life condition. The voice-controlled

automation system offers a present-day way of life in which an individual

gets the chance to control his entire house or office appliances.

Many research works have been carried out in this area. However, there has been

no clarity as regards the circuit and schematic diagrams of the systems in the

literature as well as coding of the microcontroller (Arduino) for comprehensive

understanding.

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 CHAPTER THREE

3.0 DESIGN METHODOLOGY

A complete detail of the design methodology of this project research is

explained in this chapter. It will also give the components connections,

values/types, parts lists and why they are used for this design including circuit

diagrams and pin configuration where necessary.

3.1 MATERIALS PARTS LIST

S/N Components Quantity Item

Description
1 Arduino Uno 1 Uno
2 Channel Relay 1 5V
3 Bluetooth module 1 hc05
4 Power Supply 1 9V, DC
5 Load(TV) 1 Portable
6 Connecting wires Several Low resistance

wire
7 Vero board 1 Strip board type
8 Smartphone(Bluetooth enabled) 1 Andriod
9 Battery clip 1 9V jack and

battery cap

3. 2 HARDWARE DESIGN METHOD

Using the above mentioned components, the project was implemented on a

breadboard. The microcontroller device with the Bluetooth module and relay

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circuit needs to be attached with the switch board. Then the android based

application-“AutoHome” was lunched on the Smartphone. Through the application

the microcontroller is instructed to switch on/off Television. After getting the

instruction through the Bluetooth module the microcontroller gives the signal to

the relay board.

The application first searches for the Bluetooth device. If it is available then it

launches the voice recognizer. It reads the voice and converts the audio signal into

a string. It produces a value for each appliance which will be given to the

microcontroller device. The microcontroller uses the port in serial mode. After

reading the data it decodes the input value and sends a signal to the parallel port

through which the relay circuit will be activated

FIGURE 3.3: PROPOSED SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

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ANDROID BASED PHONE

Android is a mobile operating system (OS) based on the Linux kernel and currently

developed by Google. With a user interface based on direct manipulation, the OS

uses touch inputs that loosely correspond to real-world actions, like swiping,

tapping, pinching, and reverse pinching to manipulate on-screen objects, and a

virtual keyboard. We have used the Android platform because of its huge market

globally and it’s easy to use user interface. Applications on the Android phones

extend the functionality of devices and are written primarily in the Java

programming language using the Android software development kit (SDK). The

voice recognizer which is an in built feature of Android phones is used to build an

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application which the user can operate to automate the appliances in his house. The

user interface of the application is shown in the figure below:

Figure 3.4 Interface for the Voice Control Application

The microphone button is tapped and the voice command is given to switch the

corresponding device on/off. The voice recognizer listens and converts what is said

to the nearest matching words or text. The Bluetooth adapter present in the phone

is configured to send this text to the Bluetooth module on the Arduino Uno board

that would in turn control the electrical appliances through the relay boards.

Power Supply

All electronic devices need a form of power supply to carry out its operation. The

type of power supply required by an electronic device is the DC power supply.

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 (b)
(a)

Figure 3.5: (a) 9V battery and (b) a battery clip

Relay Boards

A relay is defined as an electromechanical switch. Historically, the first relay was

used in long distance telegraph circuits as amplifiers, and they were also used in

early computers to perform logical operations.

There are various kinds of relays operating at different voltages. A trigger voltage

is always considered when circuits are designed.

When a circuit is built, the voltage that will trigger it has to be considered. In this

paper, the relay circuit is used to turn the appliances ON/OFF. The high and low

voltage signals received by the relay is supplied by the Arduino

Unomicrocontroller. The high and low voltage supplied to the relay to switch an

appliance been connected signifies that the appliance be put ON/OFF respectively.

The relay circuit drives two appliances in the voice controlled automation system

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as shown in figure below. The number of loads to be connected to the relays can be

modified as desired by the designer.

Bluetooth Module

Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short

distances (using short-wavelength UHF radio waves in the ISM band from 2.4 to

2.485 GHz) from fixed and mobile devices, and building personal area networks

(PANs). The Bluetooth module being used allows us to transmit and receive

signals . It receives the text from the Android phone and transmits it to the serial

port of the Arduino Uno

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Arduino Uno

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328p. It has 14

digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog

inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP

header, and a reset button [2]. It contains everything needed to support the

microcontroller. We either need to connect it to a computer using a USB cable or

power it with an AC-to-DC adapter. The Arduino circuit acts as an interface

between the software part and the hardware part of the project.

The Bluetooth module transmits the text to the Arduino Uno serial port. The text is

matched against the various combinations of predefined texts to switch the

appliances on/off. The appliance name and a command for on/off are stored as

predefined command. For example, to switch on a television the user needs to say

“television on” and to switch it off he needs to say “television off”. The appliances

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are connected via the relay boards to pin numbers 2, 3 and 4 of the Arduino Uno.

When the matching text is detected the corresponding pin number is given a high

or low output signal to switch the appliance on and off respectively.

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3.3 SOFTWARE DESIGN METHODS

3. 4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

CIRCUIT DISCRIPTION

The Bluetooth module and relay circuit are connected to the microcontroller while

the android based application is launched on the smart phone. The application can

orally be instructed by the user to control an appliance either ON/OFF. The

microcontroller sends signal to the relay board having received instruction through

the Bluetooth module. The application first of all searches for the Bluetooth device

to establish wireless connection. The voice recognizer is launched as soon as

connection is established. The audio signal read from the voice is converted into

string. Value is assigned to each of the appliances and fed to the microcontroller.

The microcontroller decodes the sends data signal and activates the relays for

appropriate loads switching.

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Figure 3.5: FLOW CHART

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 CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 TESTING OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

Bread board performance test and measurement were carried out for every

stage. Some of the procedures carried out during constructions are:

 All components were mounted on their respective circuit position onto

the bread board.

 The microcontroller was mounted with due consideration to pin output

to input as programmed, after which the microcontroller was programed

and tested to be “OK”

 At the end of mounting components on the bread board, the overall

system was tested and results measured.

The battery power supply of 9V was measured with a digital multi meter to

ascertain the power available for the circuit. This was to ensure that the supply was

enough to power the Arduino Uno. The laboratory implementation of illustrates

how the entire system was constructed.

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4.2 SOFTWARE RESULT AND ANALYSIS

This device has been trained with several words. Each word is stored through

programming the Arduino Microcontroller making it possible to communicate with

the relay to either switch ON/OFF any appliance connected to relay.

List of trained words using Bread Board for Testing is shown in Table 1.

TRAIN WORD DESCRIPTION

TV ON TV ON
TV OFF TV OFF
TV ON TV ON
TV OFF TV OFF
TV ON TV ON

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 SUMMARY

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The system as the name indicates, ‘Home automation’ makes the system more

flexible and provides attractive user interface compared to other home automation

systems. In this system I integrate a mobile devices into home automation systems.

A novel architecture for a home automation system is proposed using the relatively

new communication technologies. The system consists of mainly three

components. Namely; BLUETOOTH module, Arduino microcontroller and relay

circuits with other passive components.

5.2 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the system is a smart advancement in technology and a major eye

opener to what technology can achieve, with the use of compact components and

technical thinking for the mode of operation, as made the system of optimal status

with the key advantage of portability and flexibility making it a major elevation

from the use of conventional switches.

5.3 RECOMMENDATION

The following recommendation were made:

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i . Home with solar power and other renewable energy system can be added to

monitor and control via this device.

ii This system can be extended to manage automated inventory system.

iii Other home security system can be ingrate to this system to make home

safer.

REFERENCES

1. K. Mamata, N. Kaimal, P. Jadhav and S. Adnan Rizvi. “Implementation of Internet of

Things for Home

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Automation.” (2015).

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Visually Challenged”

International journal of Innovations in Engineering Research and Technology, volume 2, issue

4, Apr-2015.

3. B.M Krishna, V.N Nayak, K.R Reddy, B. Rakesh, P. Kumar, N. Sandhya “Bluetooth

based wireless home

automation system using FPGA” Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology,

Volume 77,

Pp.411-420, 2015

4. S. Sonali, C. Shamik, T. Raghav, B. Ankita. “Design of an Intelligent Voice Controlled

Home Automation

System” International Journal of Computer Applications, volume 121, 2015, pp. 39-42, doi:

10.5120/21619-

4904.

5. Abd, Mohamad, E. Mowad, A. Fathy, A. Hafez “Smart Home Automated Control

System Using Android

Application and Microcontroller” International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research,

Volume 5, Issue

5, ISSN, pp. 2229-5518, 2014

6. Y. Ming and S. Hao “Smart Living Using Bluetooth Based Android Smartphone”

International Journal of

Wireless & Mobile Networks (IJWMN) Volume 5, No. 1, 2013, doi: 10.5121/ijwmn.5105 65

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 7. B. Chakradhar, S. KrishnaveniI, and D. Naresh, D. “Bluetooth Based Home Automation

and Security System

Using ARM9”, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), Vol. 4

Issue 9, 2013, Pp.

4053-4058

8. Datasheet Bluetooth to Serial Port Module HC05 Retrieved from:

https://www.electronicaestudio.com/docs/istd016A.pdf (Accessed: 10th April, 2020).

9. Arduino Uno Projects Retrieved from: https://store.arduino.cc/arduino-uno-rev3

(Accessed: 10th April, 2020).

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