Data and Computer Communication

- Networking Principles -

Transmission Medias
the key concerns of designing a data
transmission systems are data rate and the
distance
Electro Magnetic Spectrum for Data Communication
 Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -

Data Representation
For data representation we use four deferent type of number
systems
• Binary (0 and 1)
• Octal (0 to 7)
• Decimal (0 to 9 )
• Hexa-decimal (0 to F)
 Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -

Data Representation
A group of bits are use to represent a character / number /
special symbol / control characters
• Two bit code (binary) can represent 4 characters (22 = 4)
• Five bit code can represent 32 characters (25= 32)
• Seven bit code can represent 128 characters (27 = 128 )
• Eight bit code can represent 256 characters (28 = 256)
 Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -

Data Representation
A group of bits are use to represent a character / number /
special symbol / control characters
• Two bit code (binary) can represent 4 characters
0 and 1 (two bits)
00 0
01 1
10 2
11 3
 Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -

Data Representation
How to convert Binary data to Octal data, or Octal to Decimal or Binary to Decimal

Decimal to Binary
Convert decimal 8 in to binary
2 8
2 4 -0
2 2 -0
2 1 -0 810 = 10002
0 -1

( Sinhala – English )
 Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -

Data Representation
 Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -

Hexa-decimal Data Representation

Each single symbol represent by

4 bits

This Hexa-decimal symbol helps

Humans to communicate
 Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -
Binary addition
0 0 1 1
+ 0 + 1 +0 + 1
0 1 1 10

0101
+ 1001
1110
 Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -
Image representation
Image with seven segment can be represent by
seven bits
0 - ABCDEF – 1111110
1 - BC - 0110000
2 - ABEDG - 1101101
3 - ABCDG - 1111001

A - ABCEFG - 1110111
F - AEFG - 1000111
 Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -

Data Representation
A code set is the set of codes representing a character /
number / special symbol / control characters
Very common code sets are
• ASCII –
• EBCDIC –
• Baudot Teletype –
 Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -

Data Representation
A code set is the set of codes representing a character / number /
special symbol / control characters

• ASCII – This is ANSI’s 7 – bit American Standard Code for Information Interchange
• It is an 8 bit code with often used with an 8th bit known as parity bit used for
detecting errors during Data Transmission
• Parity bit is added as Most Significant bit
• Total 128 characters – 96 codes are graphic symbols
• 94 codes are printable
• 02 codes such as SPACE and DEL are non printable
• 32 codes are control symbols – all are non printable
 Data and Computer Communication
- Networking Principles -

Data Representation
A code set is the set of codes representing a character / number /
special symbol / control characters

• EBCDIC – This is IBM’s 8 – bit Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
• it is an 8 – bit code with 256 symbol
• No parity bit for error checking
• The graphic symbols are almost same as ASCII
• Several differences in control characters are compare to ASCII