Tugas Menerjemahkan ke Bahasa Inggris

Mata Kuliah Geografi Tanah

Dosen Pengampu :
Prof. Dr. Dedi Hermon, MP
Kode Seksi : 202111360052

Disusun Oleh Kelompok 1 :

1. Alita Putri Diyangara (20136004) 9. Julia Fitri (20136052)

2. Arimbi Triana (20136089) 10. Malik Ibrahim (20136058)

3. Bagus Muhammad Saputra (20136091) 11. Nurfadhilla Armi (20136065)

4. Dinda Dewi Safitri (20136040) 12. Poppy Nurkhairani (20136066)

5. Ezi Mulyadi (20136017) 13. Regi Cania (20136121)

6. Habib Muhammad Syawal (20136044) 14. Shindy Aulia Wardani (20136074)

7. Indra Mahkota (20136050) 15. Sutanto Alamsyah (20136078)

8. Ifni Asyifa (20136048) 16. Wilda Safitri (20136130)

1.

Geografi
Fakultas Ilmu Sosial
Universitas Negeri Padang
 MEETING 13
CLASSIFICATION OF LAND CAPABILITIES

Land capability classification is the grouping of land into special units according to its
ability for the most intensive use and the treatment required to be used continuously. In other
words, this classification will determine the most suitable type of use and the type of
treatment needed to be used for sustainable agricultural production.

Basically, the land capability classification system used is the system developed by
the USDA. This system is carried out by testing the values of soil properties and locations
against a set of criteria for each category through a screening process. These values are first
tested against the criteria for the best land class, but if not all criteria can be met, then the
land will automatically fall into a class lower.

The USDA land capability classification system uses a number of assumptions,

namely: (1) interpretive land capability classification based on the permanent properties of
the land, (2) land in one class is similar in the severity of the inhibiting factors, but not
necessarily the same in the type of factor. inhibition or management required, (3) high
management of management, (4) management of available land, product description for a
particular plant species, although input to yield may assist in determining class, (5) the
system itself does not show the most useful use benefits that can be carried out on a plot of
land, (6) if the inhibiting factors can be removed or improvements are being made, then the
land is assessed by the inhibiting factors that still exist after the improvement, (7) the
assessment of the land capability of an area can change with a reclamation project that
changes permanently state of nature, and (8) the grouping of Land tenure will change as new
information about land becomes available.

The USDA land capability system has VIII land capability classes, where classes I to
IVare classes that can be cultivated for agriculture, while classes V to VIII are classes that
cannot be cultivated for agriculture.

Class I, the soil in this class has only a few fixed limiting factors and therefore the
risk of damage is also small. Soils belonging to this class are very good and can be cultivated
for all kinds of agricultural businesses. These lands are generally flat, the danger of erosion
small, deep soil solum, good drainage, easy to cultivate, can hold water well and responsive
to fertilization. It should be noted that these soils face the risk of decreasing fertility and
compaction, therefore, in order to continue to be productive, fertilization and maintenance of
soil structure are required.

Class II, soils in this class have few limiting factors that can reduce the choice of use
or require moderate conservation measures. Therefore, soils in this class require careful soil
management including conservation measures, avoiding damage, and improving water-air
relations in the soil when planted. The limiting factor in this class can be one or a
combination of gentle slope factors, moderate erosion sensitivity, and poor soil structure.The
existence of these factors, of course, requires serious attention if we want to cultivate the
land, such as tillage according to contour, strip cropping, crop rotation, fertilization and
liming, and the construction of water canals.

Class III, soil in this class has more limiting factors than soil in class II, and if it is
used for agricultural purposes it will require significant conservation measures serious
problems, which are generally more difficult to implement and maintain. Factors The barrier
on this class of land can be in the form of a slightly sloping slope, quite sensitive to erosion,
poor drainage, very slow soil permeability, shallow solum, low water holding capacity, soil
fertility and productivity is low and difficult to improve. With the factors limit, then there are
limitations in the selection of plants. Conservation measures such as strip cropping, crop
rotation, terrace making, addition of organic materials and fertilization, is an action that is
very necessary.

Class IV, soil in this class has a greater limiting factor than class III, so that the types
of use or types of plants cultivated are also very limited. land on This class is located on a
fairly steep slope (15% - 30%), so it is very sensitive to erosion, drainage is poor, the solum
is shallow, and the water holding capacity is low. With the factors the barrier, then if it is
used for a more special seasonal crop farming business and relatively difficult, both in
implementation and maintenance, compared to the previous classes. It should be endeavored
that the soil is always covered with plants, such as giving mulch.

Class V, the soil in this class is in a flat or rather sunken place, always wet or
underwater, or too many rocks on the ground. Because it's the land on this class not suitable
for a darting farming business, but more suitable for planting with permanent vegetation is
like cattle or domesticated plants.

Class VI, the land in this class is on a pretty steep slope, so it is easily eroded or has
undergone very heavy erosion or has a solid finish so shallow. Based on that, the soil in this
class is also not suitable for use agricultural land, however more suited to permanent
vegetation such as prairies, crops of feed cattle, or razed. If used for pastures, pasturage
should not be harmful weed soils. Whereas if it is used for a forest, then lumber must be
selective and follow conservation codes.

Class VII, the soil in this class is located on a fairly steep slope, has been heavily
eroded, solum is very shallow, and rocky. Therefore this land is only suitable for planting
with vegetation permanent. If it is used for grassland or forest, it must be followed by
management which is more specialized than that required on class VI soils.

Class VIII, the soil in this class is located on a very steep slope, the surface is very
low rough, covered with loose rock or outcrop rock or sandy soil on the beach. Because it's
land on This class is left in its natural state under natural vegetation (nature reserves,
protected forests, or other places of interest recreation).

To clarify the above description may present a schematic relationship between the
land capability class with its intensity and manner of use.

Land Intensity and variety of USES increases

capability Natureres Forest grazing vitale
class erve Limited Average Limited Aver mediu Intensif S.Intensif
age m
O I
B II
S III
T IV
A V Thestoryis showing
C Appropriate use of
L The classes involved
E VI
N VII
VII

Relationship scheme between land capability class and intensity And the kind of land
use (setae, 1991)

Factors for the classification of land capability

As described above, the classifying factors of glacial katego are permanent or difficult
boundary factors. As for somebut factors are (1) slope. (2) the texture of the soil. (3)
permeability, (4) solum depth (5) drainage, and (6) erosion.

a) Slope

Slope for land capability classification is divided into seven classes of slopes, namely:
l₀ : flat (0-3%)
l₁ : sloping / choppy (3-8%)
l₂ : slightly tilted/wavy (8-15%)
l₃ : sloping / hilly (15-30%)
l₄ : rather steep (30-45%)
l₅ : steep (45-65%)
l₆ : very steep (>65%)

b) Soil Texture
What is meant by texture here is the texture of the top soil, where in soils that have not been
disturbed. Textures can be grouped into five classes, namely:

t₁: smooth, includes clay and dusty clay

t₂ : moderately fine, includes sandy loam, dusty clay loam, loamy loam, loam sandy clay
t₃ : medium, includes dust, silty clay, and clay
t₄ : slightly coarse, covering sandy loam
t₅: coarse, includes loamy sand and sand

c) Efficiency

Ejection is the ability of the land to do water and air. quantitatively, which is conditioned
at the rate of flow on the united time saturated soil ata specific hydraulic gradient, can be
grouted into the class's aim:

P₀: very slow ((< 0.125 cm/ hr)

P₁: slow 0125.0.5 cm/ h)
P₂:a little slow (0.5. 2.0 cm/ h)
P₃: moderate (2.0'625. 12.5 cm/ hr)
P₄: rather quickly (6.25.12.5 cm/ hr)
P₅: fast (12.5.25.0 cm/ h)
P₆: very fast (>25.0 cm/ h)

d) Depth solum

The depth of solum is the thickness of the entire horizon a or horizon b or the plant's rooting
depth. The solid state can be grouped into four classes:
K₀: in (>90cm)
K₁: moderate (50-90 cm)
K₂: shallow (25-50 cm)
K₃: very shallow (<25 cm)

e) Drainage

Drainage describes the water system in the soil which can be seen from the color of the soil
profile. Based on this, drainage can be grouped into six classes, namely:

d₀ : good, where the soil has good air circulation, the entire soil profile from the top layer to
the bottom layer is uniform in color, there are no spots
d₁ : rather good, where the soil has good air circulation. There is no yellow, brown or gray
patches on the top and bottom layers of
d₂ : rather bad, the topsoil has good air circulation, so on This layer has no spots, but the
entire lower layer is full of spots.
d₃ : poor, the topsoil is slightly blotchy and the bottom layer is full of spotting
d₄ : very bad, the entire soil layer is full of blotches
d₅ : bad, the soil is always flooded or submerged in water

f) Erosion
Erosion assessment is based on erosion symptoms that have occurred. Erosion can be group
into five class, like :
e₀ : no erosion
e₁ : light, if < 25 % topsoil is lost
e₂ : moderate , if 25 – 75 % topsoil is lost
e₃ : weight, if > 75 % of the topsoil is gone and < 25 % of the subsoil is to is lost
e₄ : heavy, if >25 % subsoil is lost

g) Rock Outcrop

The distribution of rock outcrops can be groups into five classes, namely :
b₀ : none ( < 2 % area)
b₁ : little ( 2 – 10 % of the area), where tillage and planting is somewhat disturbed
b₂ : medium ( 10 – 50% area), where land preparation and planting have been disturbed
b₃ : a lot ( 50 – 90 % of the area), where tillage and planting are very disturbed
b₄ : very much (> 90 % of the total area), where the land is completely uncultivated

h) Flood Threat

The intensity of the flood threat can be grouped into five classes, namely:
O₀: never, where in a period of 1 year the land has never been flooded for more than 24 hours
O₁ : occasionally, flooding covers the ground >25 hours and irregular in period less than 1
year
O₂: for more than 1 month the land is covered by flooding >24 hours
O₃ : for 2-5 months in 1 year the soil is always covered by flood >24 hours
O₄ : for >6 months the land is always covered by flood >24 hours

To clarify the descriptions above, it can be seen in the following table:

Relationship between Limiting Factors with Land Ability Class

Limiting Land Ability Class

Factor
I II III IV V VI VII VIII

1. Topsoil t2/t3 t1/t4 t1/t4 T1/t4 t1/t4 t1/t4 t1/t4 t5

Texture (40cm)
 2. Subsoil t2/t3 t1/t4 t1/t4 t1/t4 t1/t4 t1/t4 t1/t4 t5
Texture

3. Slope (%) I0 I1 I2 L3 I3 I4 I5 I6

3. Slope (%) do/d1 d2 d3 D4 d5 d4 d4 d4

5. Solum Depth K0 K0 K1 K2 K2 K3 K3 K3

6.Erosion State e0 e1 e1 E2 e2 e3 e4 e4

7.Rock Outcrop b0 b0 b0 B1 b2 b2 b2 b3

8. Flood Threat O0 O1 O2 O3 O3 O3 O3 O3

Source : Arsyad (1990)