BAC GRAMMAR REVIEW

TENSES 

The Simple Past Yesterday/last week/…ago/the previous…/when I was young/In

2011/once/In my childhood
The Present Perfect Since(+a fixed date)/for(+a duration)/just
(has/have +past /yet/recent…./recently/lately/ever/never/always/already/so far/until now/ever
perfect) since/this month/over the years, the past twenty years/throughout the
years…….
The Present Simple Usually/always /never/sometimes/often/every week

The Present Now /currently/At the moment

Progressive(Am/Is
/Are+Ving)

The Past When/while/as (referring to a long action in the past)

Progressive(was,were
+v ing)

The Future Next/in the coming decades, years/In 2052/When I get older, grow up….
/soon

The Past *An action taking place before another action in the past(Past in the past)
Perfect(had+past
participle)

CONDITIONAL
 IF+SIMPLE PRESENT+FUTURE / PRESENT(AN AUTOMATIC RESULT)
 IF+SIMPLE PAST+WOULD +BARE INFINITIVE
 IF+PAST PERFECT(HAD+PAST PERFECT)+WOULD HAVE+ Past Perfect
UNLESS=If……not
CONCESSION
Despite/In spite of +Noun/VING
Although/Though +clause (subj+verb+object…)

PAST OF UNREALITY

Wish-if-as if-as though-if only-it’s(high)time

Present situation Simple Past
Past situation Past Perfect
I wish I were there now.
I wish I had been there yesterday.

Verb +ING :after

*look forward to
*worth
*mind
*can’t stand
*can’t help BUT help someone do or to do sthg
*be/get used to
*be/get accustomed to
*it’s no use
*begin/start/stop/keep/avoid/admit/consider/suggest/postpone/imagine/miss/deny/commit,dedicate, devote(to)
BARE INFINITIVE: after
*used to/would (past habit)
*causative verbs: let/make/have someone do something. BUT allow /enable someone to do something
*needn’t
*would rather (‘d rather)
*had better(‘d better)
*Modals: must-can-could-should-may –might

INVERSION: after
Negative adverbs : Nowhere/By no means/Little/In no way/No longer/Nor/Only now /Only then/Barely /Hardly/Not
only/Seldom, scarcely ,rarely/No sooner/Not even.
RULE
Negative adverb +do/does/did+ subject +verb(infinitive)
Negative adverb+ modal+ subject+ verb(infinitive)
Negative adverb+ has /have/had +subject +past participle

COMPARATIVE/SUPERLATIVE (Irregular adjectives)

Adjective Comparative Superlative

Many/much More The most
Little Less The least
Good Better The best
Bad Worse The worst
Far Farther(physical distance) The farthest.
Further(figurative) The furthest.
Happy Happier The happiest.
Clever Cleverer The cleverest.

PREPOSITIONS
Deal with Provide someone with sthg
Aim at/to Depend on/upon Provide sthg for someone
Associate with Deprive of Prevent from
Aware of Differ from Put off(delay)
Account /accountable for Disappointed with/in(someone) Put aside(save)
Apply to someone for something(a Pay tribute to someone for something
job) Famous for/by( the name of) Rely on
Familiar with Reluctant (unwilling)to
Believe in Focus on Result in
Benefit from Fed up with React/reaction to
Beware of Recognition of
Harmful to Reward with
Consist of(parts)/in(definition) Interested in Suffer from
Contribute to Involved in Skilled at
Cope with Insist on Short of
Concerned about /with(involved) Mistake for Succeed in
Care for /take care of Married to Suspicious of/about
Complain about Object to Tired of
Carry on(continue) /out(perform)

WATCH OUT
To search for BUT in search of
To recognize someone for something BUT in recognition of

ADVERBS
ADJECTIVE +LY e.g Obvious +ly : Obviously/increasing increasingly /beautiful beautifully/
complete completely /

BUT Dramatic dramatically specific specifically busy busily

Favourable Favourably probable probably Whole wholly true truly

I worked hard.
      I have hardly enough time to finish.

      He threw the ball high into the air.

      He is highly successful in what he does.

      The class began late.

      The weather has been cold lately.

      I held my breath as the squirrel crept near to get the nuts.

      I have nearly finished reading the book.

      I opened the door wide.

      That theory is widely believed.
WORD FORMATION
efficient/efficiency Sufficient/sufficiency proficient/proficiency vibrant /vibrance committed/commitment
approve/approval lose/loss require/requirement enquire/enquiry suffer/suffering
Acquire (language)/acquisition beneficial/benefit emit/emission adequate/adequacy
influence/influential enroll/enrollment distinguish/distinction desperate/despair high/height
Relieve/relief abolish/abolition consume/consumption assume/assumption excited/excitement
Retired/retirement impaired/impairment adopt/adoption adapt /adaptation
Short/shortage scarce/scarcity literate/literacy distract/distraction convenient /convenience
Unable/inability unstable/instability maintain /maintenance
PREFIXES
Uncommon/irregular/dishonest/unfamiliar/irresponsible/impatient/abnormal/inaccurate/illogical/illegal/
Immoral /immature/inappropriate/inadequate/uninhabited//inaccurate/inconvenient/inexpensive/imbalance
SOUMISSION