DEPARTEMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

TECHNICAL WRITING AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS

ASSIGNMENT NO 2

SUBMITTED BY:

FARZAN MEHMOOD

SECTION:

BATCH -11(EE)

ROLL NO:

UET-29

SUBMITTED TO:

DR.TALHA GUL

REMARKS:

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Define the following terms in details.

1. Bibliography
2. References

3. Citations

4. Problem Statement

5. Paraphrasing

1: Bibliography:

The definition of a bibliography is a list of sources you used when writing a scholarly article or
paper or a list of books or articles an author has published on a specific subject. An example of
a bibliography is the list of sources you include at the end of your thesis paper.

A bibliography is a list of the sources you used to get information for your report. It is included at
the end of your report, on the last page (or last few pages).

Examples:

Basic bibliographic information includes title, author or editor, publisher, and the year the current
edition was published or copyrighted.

2: References:

Every sentence in the research section needs a reference to its source, followed by it date of
publication. If a direct quotation is cited, APA in-text citation/parenthetical documentation require
the author, the date, and page number or paragraph number must be cited.

When your professors or instructors say you need to give reference to some work that you used
in your paper, it means that you should indicate where you got the work or information from.

3: Citations:

Citations are the way in which you give credit to others for their work and avoid committing
plagiarism. They are also the way in which you join the professional or scholarly conversation
on a given topic.
Citing or documenting the sources used in your research serves three purposes: It gives proper
credit to the authors of the words or ideas that you incorporated into your paper. It allows those
who are reading your work to locate your sources, in order to learn more about the ideas that
you include in your paper.

4: Problem statement:

A problem statement is usually one or two sentences to explain the problem your process
improvement project will address. In general, a problem statement will outline the negative
points of the current situation and explain why this matters.

Example:

A problem statement is a clear concise description of the issue(s) that need(s) to be addressed
by a problem solving team. ... For example, our problem is that we don't have an ERP system.
Method - the process that will get followed to solve the problem. For example , DMAIC or
Kaizen.

5: Paraphrasing:

Paraphrasing means expressing information or ideas from other sources in your own words in a similar
number of words as the source text. Paraphrasing is NOT simply replacing words with synonyms or
rearranging the structure of sentences. It involves rephrasing a text substantially while retaining the
original meaning. Paraphrasing involves acknowledging the original source with proper referencing.

When you write what you read in your own words. It is a summary but also a restatement of a main
aspect that is relevant to your information need.