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Knowledge

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For other uses, see Knowledge (disambiguation).
Part of a series on
Epistemology
• Category
• Index
• Outline

Core concepts

• Belief
• Justification
• Knowledge
• Truth

Distinctions

• A priori vs. A posteriori


• Analytic vs. synthetic

Schools of thought

• Empiricism
• Naturalism
• Pragmatism
• Rationalism
• Relativism
• Skepticism

Topics and views

• Certainty
• Coherentism
• Contextualism
• Dogmatism
• Experience
• Fallibilism
• Foundationalism
• Induction
• Infallibilism
• Infinitism
• Perspectivism
• Rationality
• Reason
• Solipsism

Specialized domains of inquiry

• Applied epistemology
• Evolutionary epistemology
• Feminist epistemology
• Formal epistemology
• Metaepistemology
• Social epistemology

Notable epistemologists

• René Descartes
• Sextus Empiricus
• Edmund Gettier
• David Hume
• Immanuel Kant
• W. V. O. Quine
• more...

Related fields

• Epistemic logic
• Philosophy of mind
• Philosophy of perception
• Philosophy of science
• Probability

• v
• t
• e

Knowledge is a familiarity, awareness, or understanding of someone or something, such as


facts (descriptive knowledge), skills (procedural knowledge), or objects (acquaintance
knowledge). By most accounts, knowledge can be acquired in many different ways and from
many sources, including but not limited to perception, reason, memory, testimony, scientific
inquiry, education, and practice. The philosophical study of knowledge is called
epistemology.

The term "knowledge" can refer to a theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. It can
be implicit (as with practical skill or expertise) or explicit (as with the theoretical
understanding of a subject); formal or informal; systematic or particular.[1] The philosopher
Plato argued that there was a distinction between knowledge and true belief in the Theaetetus,
leading many to attribute to him a definition of knowledge as "justified true belief".[2][3] The
difficulties with this definition raised by

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