Carlos Hilado Memorial State College

Talisay City, Negros Occidental

Topic: Cognitive and Metacognitive Factors of Learning

Subject: EDFLCT
Reporter: Kaye Marie Gomez Program: BTLED HE-2A
Instructor: Prof. Aljaven Bruce C. Laganhon Sem and AY: 1st sem. 2021 - 2022

I. Introduction:
Cognitive and Metacognitive factors in learning refer to the higher order thinking which involves
active control over a cognitive process engaged in learning. It uses strategic thinking in their
approach to learning, reasoning, problem solving and concept learning. It is also the understanding
and using of strategies to help them reach learning and performance goals, and to apply their
knowledge in novel situation.

II. Content:
A. COGNITIVE AND METACOGNITIVE FACTORS

1. Nature of learning process

The learning of complex subject matter is most effective when it is an intentional process of
constructing meaning from information and experience.
Learning is a highly active social process. Social constructivism specialists see learning as an active
process in which learners should learn to self-discover the principles, concepts and facts, this is why
it is important to encourage guessing and intuitive thinking on the part of learners.
For example, a child learns to clap when watching someone else clap. Learning also takes place
through direct experiences. For example, a child learns to write as they practice writing. A child is
normally taught by his or her parents, teachers and the environment.

2. Goals of the learning process

The successful learner, overtime and with support and instructional guidance, can create
meaningful, coherent representations of knowledge.
Learning objectives allow you and your students to concentrate on what they are meant to
learn. When learning objectives are explicit, they guide your students’ decisions about where to focus
their efforts and inform what they need to do in a given task.
Students who set their own learning goals are more confident in completing more challenging tasks,
regardless of their abilities. Their motivation for improving and mastering a task improves and their
self-esteem remains strong, even if they fail.

3. Construction of knowledge
The successful learner can link new information with existing knowledge in meaningful ways.
As students move beyond the reproduction of knowledge to generate new ideas or understandings for
them, and the major demand of the activity is the construction of knowledge through interpretation,
analysis, synthesis and/or evaluation. Where they negotiate comprehension by interaction and diverse
approaches.

4. Strategic Thinking
The successful learner can create and use a repertoire of thinking and reasoning strategies to
achieve complex learning goals.
In its simplest form, strategic thinking is a capacity to plan ahead. It is the ability to develop
strategies and ideas that will take into account both changing environments and future challenges.

In this field, learners learn it in their own strategy.  The learner simply reflects on how they used to
do things or uses their own methods to accomplish a difficult task or situation.

5. Thinking about thinking

Higher order strategies for selecting and monitoring mental operations facilitate creative and
critical thinking.
The ability to observe and think about one’s own cognitive processes.
6. Context of learning
Learning is influenced by environmental factors, culture, technology, and instructional
practice.
The learning context is defined as the situation where something is learned and understood, a
situation that can affect the way something is learned or taught. 
An example of a learning environment is the external learning environment, including the quality of
the equipment and facilities and the degree of teacher training.

III. Activity:

IV. Evaluation:
Answer the following question in essay form.
1. How do you describe a successful learner and an effective teacher based on the principles
presented?
2. Why are cognitive and metacognitive necessary to the learning process?

References:

Learner-Centered Principles: Mentoring the Online Student (instructure.com)