UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST – CALOOCAN

College of Fine Arts, Architecture and Design

Department of Architecture

PROPOSED EVACUATION AND REHABILITATION CENTER

Submitted by:

Fontanilla, Paolo

Maque, Benjamae S.

Sarmiento, Ma. Katrina J.

FAR4101- ARCH 4A

Submitted to:

Ar.-EnP. Melanie C. Gime, MSCM

Adviser

October 21, 2021

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
__________________________________________________________________________________

I. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
A. Background of the Study………………………………………………………………………..3
B. Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………………………….4
C. Project Objectives………………………………………………………………………………..5
D. Significance of the Project………………………………………………………………………5

II. Review of Related Literature and Case Studies………………………………………………………….

A. Local RRL………………………………………………………………………………………....6
B. Foreign RRL………………………………………………………………………………………9
C. Foreign Case Studies…………………………………………………………………………..24
D. Local Case Studies………………………………………………………………………………28
E. National Building Code………………………………….………………………………………32

III. Architectural Programming …………………………………………………………………………….…..

A. Organizational Structure ………………………………………………………………………38
B. Space Program and Room Data Sheet……………………………………………………….39
C. Matrix Diagrams…………………………………………………………………………………52
D. Bubble Diagrams ….…………………………………………………………………………....54

IV. Design Translation…………………………………………………………………………………………..….

A. Group Design Philosophy………………………………………………………………………58
B. Overall Design Concept ………………………………………………………………………..58
C. Form Inspiration / Form Evolution ……………………………………………………………58
D. Design Objectives ……………………………………………………………………………...58
E. Design Considerations ………………………………………………………………………...59
F. Schematic Plans…………………………………………………………………………………59

V. Summary and Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………….......

A. Summary…………………………………………………………………………………………60
B. Conclusion………….……………………………………………………………………………60
VI. Bibliography………………………………………..………………………………………………………...61

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Natural disasters can happen in any part of the world and are uncontrollable it can happen
anytime. It doesn’t matter where you live or how you live natural disasters can ruin and even end lives
and being ready is the only way to survive a natural disaster. As of this year, the Philippines is ranked
9th place in the list of top 10 disaster-prone countries with 4,416,499 population affected.

The Philippines has suffered different kinds of natural disasters such as typhoons,
earthquakes, tsunamis, flash floods, floods, landslides, and volcanic eruptions. The main cause of this
is the location of the Philippines which is near or along the Ring of Fire or the typhoon belt which is a
pacific ocean region where most of the volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur. Out of the 80
typhoons that develop 18 of them enter the Philippines and six to nine typhoons made a successful
landfall according to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center.

The latest natural disaster that occurred in the Philippines is Typhoon Kiko which is a tropical
cyclone that greatly affected the Cagayan Valley and is the strongest typhoon to hit Batanes since the
last typhoon Meranti which occurred in 2016. Typhoon Kiko is equivalent to 5 typhoons just northeast
of extreme northeastern Luzon. Next is the typhoon Jolina which occurred in the central Philippines
and Vietnam. And the latest 5.7 magnitude earthquake forced the people to rush outside their homes.
The latest eruption of Taal Volcano that happened last January 2020 left a mark on Philippine history
as it affected so many parts spreading the ashes and the people were forced to evacuate because their
houses are being buried in ashes and it is no longer safe for them to stay as the ashes are not safe to
be inhaled. Natural disasters greatly affect people’s lives it has sent many families to evacuation centers
for their safety but some of them stay in evacuation centers because their houses are no safe places
anymore. Dealing with natural disasters without any preparation is a nightmare and would be a life-
and-death situation because it cannot be controlled and it just happens unexpectedly. There are new
inventions today that can detect natural disasters but it is not accurate to when and how hard it will hit.
Being prepared for times like this will be an advantage for all of us.

Masbate City is located in the center of the Philippine archipelago and it is administratively
assigned to the Region of Bicol. The city serves as the province’s main commercial center and a chief
seaport. Masbate is known to be prone to earthquakes and is one of the seismically active regions in
the country because it is located along the Uson Fault, Southern Masbate Fault, and Masbate segment
of the Philippines Fault. The latest earthquake that occurred in Masbate was August 18, 2020, a 6.6
magnitude earthquake and was followed by a 5.1 aftershock on August 19, 2020. It was felt in the entire
Bicol region and some of the provinces in the Visayas leaving 2 residents dead and 170 residents
injured. The epicenter is located in Cataingan town with a depth of 21 kilometers. According to some

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 sources 3,700 people had been affected by this earthquake with 1,176 residents are still staying in 14
evacuation centers and 725 houses were wrecked.

Masbate’s government response according to the Office of Civil Defense they quickly send
people to conduct search and rescue operations which were supported by the Red Cross local chapter,
military, and Police. They were able to give out 22,000 family food packs with the help of The
Department of Social Welfare and Development. They also were able to provide non-food items such
as tents, sleeping, and kitchen kits.

Bicol Region being prone to natural disasters specifically earthquakes it is much needed for an
evacuation center to be built as soon as possible. Evacuation centers will provide a temporary shelter
for people whose houses are no longer a safe place for them to stay. In some places, office buildings,
sports stadiums, churches, schools, residential homes, dormitories, and community centers are used
as evacuation centers but this kind of emergency evacuation plan is not advisable because it lacks the
requirements for the evacuation centers for the evacuees to stay, sleep and eat. This kind of plan also
makes the evacuees be vulnerable to outbreaks of infectious diseases because of overcrowding.

B. Statement of the Problem

Natural disasters are unexpected which resulted to make the school and other stadiums as temporary
evacuation site. The area of the Philippines is prone to catastrophe to the point that the evacuation and
rehabilitation centers should be necessary.

• Major problem
o How will the provided evacuation and rehabilitation center provide a solution to the basic
needs of the evacuees such as comfort, health, and safety and being a model of an
evacuation and rehabilitation center for cities during the catastrophe?
• Minor problem
o What are the necessary services and facilities required for the comfort and security of the
evacuees?
o How to present a healthy and safe environment in the evacuation center for the evacuees?
o How to handle other essential facilities to isolate highly communicable disease, person with
special needs and gender sensitivity?
o What will be the alternative solutions when there is an interruption of essential services
such as water and power?

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C. Project objectives
• Major objectives
• The study aims to propose an evacuation and rehabilitation center with the capability to
respond to natural calamities to prevent traumatic impact, bring safety to lives and find a
solution for the needs of help and immediate distribution on basic needs of evacuees.
• Minor objectives
• To design and provide solutions for problems linked on the case available in an evacuation
and rehabilitation center in the Philippines.
• To design and offer the basic facilities needed to ensure the comfort and security of the
evacuees.
• To design and plan an alternative purpose for the center aside from being a disaster
evacuation so that it can be used even without disasters.

D. Significance of the Study

a. Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (DRRMC),

Since DRRMC is responsible for ensuring the protection and welfare of the people during
disasters or emergencies, this study can give them ideas on building prototype shelters for
evacuation centers.

b. To the National and Local Government Unit (NGU/LGU),

This study will help benefit the government of the Republic of the Philippines, by means of
its local government of Aurora Province. It will also grant an opportunity to have a permanent
evacuation center that can accommodate resident families of the said province when calamity
comes.

c. Other Towns and Cities prone to Disasters,

This can be their model so many lives can be saved and managed during disasters.

d. To the Students,

This can be a guide to their research ideology and analysis. It will serve as reference of
the students in a project known as prototype evacuation center. Data gathering will be at ease for
students.

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 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

A. Local RRL
A. Article Title: BUILDING A DISASTER-RESILIENT COMMUNITY EVACUATION
CENTRE (A Practical Guide for Constructing Disaster-Resilient Community
Evacuation Centres in the Philippines)
This article focuses on how to implement a resilient design in community evacuation center
projects. The project implementation is divided into three the initiation and planning, design and
construction, and sustainable building operation and maintenance. It states here that in order to have
a good evacuation center and suitable for the evacuees it should be:

• Close to residences/home

• Causes minimal disruption to work, school, social arrangements, and cultural practices

• Located away from potential primary and/or secondary hazards

• Structurally sound and follows existing building codes

• Has adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities

• Has special shelter arrangements for more vulnerable individuals including lactating mothers,
children, the elderly, and persons with disabilities.

OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

• Identify and provide shelter and storage for livestock, pets, and property

• Smaller evacuation centers can be used to encourage self-regulation and foster solidarity

The first project implementation is the initiation and planning in this part the designer must
conduct an initial assessment to know if the location of the evacuation center is adequate for the
needs of the evacuees. Assessing to know all of the needs of the evacuees once they are using
the evacuation center. Identify and involve key stakeholders, develop the project proposal and
required cost, establish a project management structure, and lastly formalize the project.

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 Image 1. Project Implementation Structure

What to consider when selecting a project site?

1. Is it close to the home site of vulnerable communities?

2. Is the route going to the site safe?

3. Is it accessible to people (including those with special needs such as children, pregnant women,
the elderly, and persons with disabilities), public transport, trucks, and other vehicles?

4. Is the site free from secondary hazards (flooding, landslide, erosion, earthquake) in accordance
with the multi-hazard mapping/ hazard assessment?

5. Is the site feasible for income-generating opportunities to support maintenance costs?

COMMUNITY EVACUATION CENTRE TEMPLATE

Image 2. Template

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FLOOR PLAN

Image 3. Plan

KEY MITIGATION DESIGN FEATURES

Image 4. Key points

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WHAT TO CONSIDER WHEN DESIGNING THE BUILDING?

• Cost efficiency of construction and operation

• Integration of local architectural design

• Short time frame for construction

• Adherence to minimum standards for short-term relief response

• Dual functionality as evacuation shelter and community center

• Ease in maintenance and high durability

• Aid to local community livelihoods

• Potential installation of rainwater tanks and integrated solar power systems for self-sufficiency

• Provision for site enhancements such as parking, children’s playground, and space for tents

• Opportunity for public awareness on local DRR initiatives

SYNTHESIS AND ASSESMENT

To have an evacuation center ready whenever this time comes is a great investment for the
government and the locals. Building it as safe as possible and suitable for all the vulnerable people during
a natural disaster is an advantage. Evacuation centers are important to be able to save and protect lives in
times of disaster

B. Foreign RRL
A. Article Title: DESIGN OF GREEN EMERGENCY HOUSING FOR CALAMITY
STRICKEN COMMUNITIES

This article focuses on the design of green emergency housing in the Philippines. According to
these evacuation centers are a required aspect of any recognized operation plans. These are mostly
needed whenever a calamity arises especially in places prone to earthquakes and other natural
disasters. In some places, gymnasiums are used for temporary evacuation centers because they don’t
have a ready evacuation center that has complete facilities for the needs of the evacuees.

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 The main purpose of this project is to build a shelter for the calamity-prone areas in the
Philippines using container vans. These are the project objectives for the said project that was
accomplished using the National Structural Code of the Philippines

● Determining an appropriate layout of the floor plan for the entire system
● Designing the structural framing and the foundation that is generally fit to variable soil
conditions
● Proposing a plan for the electrical and water supply system; Utilizing solar energy as an
alternative source of electricity
Permanent structures as evacuation centers are great but the structure itself should be
cost-friendly and using container vans as a temporary evacuation center is the best alternative
budget-friendly material. And it can also be easily transported where it will be needed, unlike
permanent evacuation centers. Using used container vans also lessens the disposal of old
containers and we will be able to save trees because we are not using timber and concrete and
with solar panels, we can conserve energy.

The layout for this project is a double-decker bedroom area and other units which
determines the allocation of the openings, lighting, and ventilation.it will also determine the position
of each container for the ease and comfort of the evacuees.

Image 1. Sample proposed layout

Preparing the ground by identifying the soil type to determine the foundation that will be
used is the start of the installation of the container vans. The design of the said structure was
studied extensively for the efficiency and reliability of the structure and the National Building Code
of the Philippines was followed strictly to ensure a liveable space.

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Image 2. A. Front elevation of the 3-storey container van structure.

B. side elevation view of the 3-storey container van structure

Image 3. Clockwise from top left: Proposed 2-storey layout; Proposed 3-storey layout; Interior of
the 3-storey abode; Common kitchen; admin office; Common toilet and bath area; Exterior of the 3-storey
abode.

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SYNTHESIS AND ASSESMENT

Green emergency housing and mobile design using container vans for calamity-prone communities
as a temporary evacuation center were shown to be less expensive and conventional structures. The
proposed evacuation center is complete with wastewater plans and electrical plans. In terms of the kitchen,
toilet and bathroom are also included in the plan. An alternative energy source is also proposed because
calamity-stricken communities usually shut down electricity during this time.

B. Article Title: 10 THINGS TO REMEMBER WHILE DESIGNING REHABILITATION

CENTERS

According to this article, rehabilitation centers are used to restore someone’s health through
continuous therapy and training after something happened like being in prison, addictions, injury, and
illness. Helping people to overcome things by assisting them until they achieve a healthy functioning life
again.

Rehabilitation centers are not only for drug abusers they also cater to various types of patients and
should be a universal rehabilitation center to give a respective rehab program to each and every patient
that needs it. Rehabilitation centers also treat drug abuse, trauma, recuperating from injury, and etc. Having
the chance to design a rehabilitation center it is needed that the designer understands the character of the
spaces, requirements, and the behavior of the users and their psychological minds. These are the
guidelines in designing a rehabilitation center:

● Have a Salutogenic approach to design

This theory is about the factors that support human health which was proposed by Aaron
Antonovsky. In this theory, it is important to have an approach where the designer can simulate the
natural recovery of health through psychological stimuli. Good circulation, open spaces, and
healing gardens must be incorporated into the design.

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 Image 1. A salutogenic
model applied in designing Credit
Valley Hospital Cancer care
facilities can be seen by its large
open spaces, easy wayfinding, and
nature-inspired form.

● Home away from home

Materials, textures, accessories, and functions which are found in our home must be
incorporated into the design to have a familiar atmosphere in the design. It is beneficial for the
patients as it gives off a holistic experience and a familiar atmosphere which makes the patient at
ease and reduces social anxiety.

Image 2. Subtle, calm colors and ample amount of daylight of the Alpha healing center in
Gujarat make it feel like home for patients taking drug addiction treatment.

● Biophilic environment help in the healing process

It has been proven that nature can help in the process of healing and has positive effects
on the patients. The designer must incorporate more green spaces in the design as human tends
to seek nature and other forms of life such as plants, animals, landscapes, and etc.

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 Image 3. Example- Khoo Teck Puat Hospital in Singapore has designed healing spaces
with roof gardens, cascading greenery, sunken courtyards to make you feel close to nature.

● Layout of furniture
The placement of the furniture plays an important part in the design of the rehabilitation
center since it has a variety of users that the designer must consider. The design must be diversified
and must have variety whether the patient can have a social interaction or solitude depending on
the circumstances or the state of mind.

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 Image 4. One Taste Holistic Health Club in China utilizes natural materials such as stone
and wood for its interior. It uses niches for private seating and bigger open spaces for social
interaction and informal seating layout.

● Design open-air indoor activity spaces such as courtyards, amphitheaters, etc.

Courtyards in the Indian context helps in keeping the thermal comfort of the space as well
as provide an activity and interaction space for everyone. The spaces must gradually flow from
intimate, semi-public then public spaces. Designers must understand the personal and public
spheres of patients and work toward the interconnection of them.

Image 5. Example Muktangan’s amphitheater by Shirish Beri has an amphitheater in the

center of the ward. It enhances the social sphere and gives a protected feeling to the patient where
lots of activities can take place without the outside world’s distraction.

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● Focus on the sense of control and manageability by patients

The plan should be easy to navigate and should be patient-friendly. A patient should feel
he/she is in control of his environment and life circumstances are very fortifying. The feeling of
being totally out of control induces anxiety and is disempowering.

Image 6. Epilepsy residential care home by Atelier Martel is designed with a focus on self-
wayfinding and identification of spaces by patients weakened by seizures. The square plan has
four courtyards for different functions. The inner corridors have smooth tactile flooring and walls
are covered with colorful wool tapestry to give a sense of home and be an identification marker.

● Create a sensory experience

The design should incorporate different materials, textures, colors, and spaces which target
all five human senses. Reflexology track, healing gardens, water bodies, are some of the examples
which benefit different sensory actions.

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 Image 7. “A healing Space” designed by 2form architecture is inspired by Japanese design styles.
It creates a space that is rejuvenating from the moment you enter. It utilizes organic materials and textures
to give a holistic sensory experience of all senses to its patients.

● Design interactive social spaces

Large gathering spaces are needed for educational gatherings, group therapy, and social
interaction with family members. The architect should design a variety of exterior and interior social
spaces for the patient to use as per their treatment. The interactive environment reduces the feeling
of loneliness and fear in the rehabilitation center.

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 Image 8. Maggie’s Leeds center by Heatherwick studio explores natural and tactile materials, soft
lighting, and a variety of social interaction spaces. Rooftop gardens, multi-level spaces, and diverse
seating arrangements give plenty of choices for the patient’s needs.

● Include modern technology/simulation areas

Nowadays, with rapid progress in technology, rooms are being designed to enhance the
patient’s therapy by giving life-simulating virtual experiences. Such rooms sometimes need
soundproofing and high ceilings to incorporate the equipment.

Image 9. Ottawa Hospital installed state of art virtual simulation screens to help people with a temporary
disability to gain strength in walking and social activities.

● Include different activity spaces

Activities such as swimming, gyms, sports facilities should be included in the design so
that the patients can entertain themselves in their free time. Rehabilitation is about strengthening
the body as well as the spirit of patients through different activities.

Image 10. Musholm extension rehabilitation center by AART architects includes a large
multipurpose hall with sports facilities for physically disabled people.

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 Image 11. Therapeutic pools designed for La Esperanza School by Fuster + Architects

C. Article Title: NATURALLY SURVEILLED SPACE: THE DESIGN OF A MALE DRUG

REHABILITATION CENTER

The rapid growth of the drug abusers in Indonesia is not being treated or supported by the country
because of the lack of facilities to be used as a rehabilitation center. But despite having rehabilitation centers
drug abusers still use drugs and put their lives in danger. This article is about explaining the therapeutic
design of a proposed rehabilitation center in Bandung City, Indonesia. The rehabilitation allows the patients
of the users to feel at ease without feeling controlled and suppressed. The center used a behavioral
approach for the consideration of the user’s physical and psychological comforts. The design must be
focused on an inward orientation and circular approach for the therapy process of the users. The spaces
are carefully planned with unique conditions according to the physical requirements of the patients. The
landscape is a must and the design for the rehabilitation center must facilitate the drug addicts’ fast
recovery.

The design method used was a behavioral approach considering their behaviors and spatial needs.
According to the psychiatrist, counselors, psychologists, and other medical practitioners the designers must
conduct an observation of the drug abusers or participant observation. The spatial activities, and spatial
arrangement, motivations. Social interactions, privacy, comfort, and character were considered.

To guarantee patient security inside the rehabilitation center spatial arrangement were used to
have control over who can and cannot enter the facility. It is divided into zones the private zone is located
in the inner part of the site where the psychological rehabilitation and other private and high secured
facilities are situated and are restricted to patients and staff only. The public area is located in the outer part

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of the site which includes a parking area and can be accessed by visitors. The zone located in between the
private and public is the semi-public zone where services are situated.

Image 1. Site zoning

The site circulation considers the maximum surveillance on the site. Therefore, there is only single
access for the public and one for the service. A circular approach to design creates an inward approach to
the structure which is good for a rehabilitation center for the surveillance of the patients. It should also not
have dead space to avoid patients using drugs in places that cannot be seen.

Image 2. Site circulation

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 Image 3. (a) circle shape, (b) inward orientation, (c) treatment process, (d) building masses.

The interior design of the buildings should reflect the behavior and the therapy process of the
patients. This kind of layout system motivates patients to recover from addiction.

Image 4. (left) surveillance at the detoxification phase, (right) the isolated patient uses glasses for
constant observation by staff.

Psychological rehabilitation phase the patients are in control of their own minds but are still not sure
of their behavior. In this phase motivation and encouragement are needed to help the patients overcome
their drug addiction state. This design focuses on social interaction among patients. Having common activity
areas the designer expects the patients to grow.

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 Image 5. Surveillance at the psychological rehabilitation phase.

In the social rehabilitation phase, the patients gained back their social self-confidence and can
somehow interact outside but are still under surveillance and their space require more privacy.

Image 6. Privacy for patients at the social rehabilitation phase.

The penal facility design limits the movement of the patient with the use of a trellis.

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 Image 7. (a) Supervision room is placed inside the patients’ room; (b) Supervision room is placed
outside the patients’ room

Image 8. Vegetations to create a relaxing environment. (b) vegetations as subtle borders.

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 C. FOREIGN CASE STUDIES

A. Project Name: SUKAGAWA COMMUNITY CENTER

Project Location: FUKUSHIMA, JAPAN

Japan is one of the leading country when it comes to technological advancements such as
gadgets, machineries and equipment and different tools in improving our daily lives in the day to
day basis these technologies will ease our daily lives such as it helps to save time, ease mobility,
ease of maintenance and also cost-efficiency on the long run. These advantages of Japan also
have disadvantage when it comes to the wellbeing of the macro scale of the people living in Japan,
one of the disadvantage is the needs of the community to socialize with other people thus it lessen
the interaction of the community that strengthen the comradeship and the solidarity of the nation.
Japan being situated in pacific ring of fire that is widely known as the area with lots of volcanic
activities, tsunamis and strong earthquakes

Community centers, also known as community halls, are community gathering places
where people of one community can congregate for group activities, social support, public
information, and for different reasons. It is sporadically available to the entire community or to a
specific group within the larger community. Religious community centers is one of the example of
community center focused in to the beliefs of the specific religion.

The Sukagawa Community Center hosts a variety of cultural and recreational events aimed
at revitalizing community life and establishing a long-lasting and flexible connection between the
city and the people. The multifunctional building is divided into distinct zones of action by activity
themes such as raise, play, create, learn, and meet, while traditional library divisions are
categorized to create a whole new system.

The Sukagawa Community Center is designed by UNEMORI ARCHITECTS a Tokyo-

based firm, the center is cited at the Fukushima Prefecture in Japan. It is built to revitalize and to
help to reconstruct the community after the great east Japan earthquake in 2011 the most powerful
earthquake ever recorded in Japan’s history, The Sukagawa Community Center is a five-story
structure that includes libraries, a museum, a lecture hall, daycare centers, and cafés. It is also
created for the forum of the public, disaster relief activities for the natural disaster occurring to the
country serving as a temporary evacuation facility in the event of disaster. It is situated on a
13,698sqm total floor area with 4,876sqm on a 7,723sqm lot site.

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 1ST FLOOR PLAN

2nd FLOOR PLAN 3rd FLOOR PLAN

4th FLOOR PLAN

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Complex Structural System

The community center was built by UNEMORI ARCHITECTS as an interlocking building with
distinct floor slabs separated into tiny parts and separated to provide an incremental setback on the site
facing the historic main street. The form of the building therefore provides several terraces for additional
outdoor a activities and socializing areas, while the recessive façade of the building enables
adequate distance to the adjacent residences.

The Sukagawa Community Center's internal structure is distinguished by an open floor plan and
offset floor levels that appear to float freely in the center's hollow, producing varied openings and dynamic
open vistas all through the various floor slabs. In order to implement this complicated structural system, a
megastructure consisting of the third and fourth floors has been designed, which includes a steel frame
made up of trusses. The lower floor's overhanging slab is suspended from the megastructure and supported
by columns on the upper levels, whose locations are changed to absorb the weight.

SYNTHESIS AND ASSESMENT

In relation to the proposed evacuation center and rehabilition center the concept of focusing on the
well-being of the community without disregarding the technological advancement is applicable for the
proposed project since this concept is the reality of the new generations that the focus of the community is
unto the advanced technology and disregarding their physicological and mental health. Also, the structural
system of the Sukagawa Community Center is great for the maximum flexibility of the structure and also
the space. Being an Earthquake- proof as a temporary shelter in times of disaster and catastrophe ensures
the safety of the resident of the structure.

B. Project Name: BELMONT COMMUNITY REHABILITATION CENTRE

Project Location: BELMONT, AUSTRALIA

Rehabilitation is treatment that can help you regain, maintain, or enhance abilities that you require
for everyday living. These skills might be physical, mental, or cognitive in nature (thinking and learning).
You may have lost them as a result of a sickness or accident, or as a result of a medical therapy.
Rehabilitation can help you live a better life and operate better. Rehabilitation center is a facility specifically
designed for the facilitation and treatment of the person who suffers from injury, illness or sometimes
diseases these structure has tools and equipment to restore the patient’s physiological and mental needs
that are lost due to the different events and factors.

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Belmont Community Rehabilitation Centre provides an active, goal-focused rehabilitation program. The
program focuses on avoiding future impairment by assisting clients in reducing the likelihood of relapses
and improving their overall well-being. The Rehabilitation Centre, which is located adjacent to the Kardinia
Health GP Super Clinic and connected through an enclosed pedestrian link to the Community Health
Centre, with which it shares reception, is an essential addition to this community healthcare hub four
kilometers from Victoria's.

SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

The building shape and materials attempt to connect with the surroundings because it is located
on a prominent corner. Because of its sustainability, inherent warmth, and natural attractiveness, white
cypress lumber was chosen as the principal façade material. The façade is articulated with recessed self-
shading windows on the street elevations and expressive sunshades on the garden area windows. The
strong theme of glass and timber highlights the natural texture and color of the timber, conveying the shape
and design of the façade and creating a non-institutional and engaging structure that is simple to construct
and maintain. A new mobility garden provides outside rehabilitation facilities and sits in a wind-protected
sun courtyard between the new Rehabilitation Centre and the old Community Health Centre in a peaceful
setting. The courtyard façade, which faces north-west and interacts with the garden and solar orientation,
is composed of ship lap wood framed panels that contrast with large windows covered by dynamic folded
sun shades. The clean paneled wood defines a precise pattern that contrasts with the lively shadows of the
colours. The single-story Centre benefits from natural light, air, and views of the surrounding garden thanks
to large self-shading windows in all living spaces.

SYNTHESIS AND ASSESMENT

The Belmont Community Rehabilitation Centre is a healing structure on which the structure helps
the users to reconcile and restore their health with the utilization of the environment making the structure a

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healing environment, the structure attaches the users to the natural surrounding but not sacrificing the total
aesthetic of the Community Rehabilitation Centre. The setting of the Community Rehabilitation Centre in
Belmont is a prototype for the evacuation which not focusing only on the sole purpose but rather foreseeing
other factors that affects the users of the structure.

C. LOCAL CASE STUDIES

A. Project Name: SIRUNGAN HA GUIUAN

Project Location: GUIUAN, EASTERN SAMAR

Philippines is one of the country that is situated near the Pacific Ocean, Pacific Ocean is
the largest ocean where strongest typhoon is formed due to the wind blows into the areas of the
ocean where water is warm and eventually collects moisture. The strong typhoons were formed
due to the vast ocean area around the pacific region and one of the country that is highly to hit by
typhoon is the Philippines specifically the eastern part of the Philippines that is facing the Pacific
Ocean.

Super Typhoon Yolanda (international name Haiyan) made its first of six landfalls at
Guiuan, Eastern Samar, on November 8, 2013. After absorbing the full power of the storm, the
municipality suffered tremendously. Guiuan has increased its disaster risk reduction measures
more than two years after Yolanda in order to mitigate the consequences of future disasters.

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 The International Organization for Migration (IOM) launched an initiative to develop resilient
structures that would give community safety during calamity evacuation and rehabilitation. These
structures are appropriately scaled for the community population by choosing between two models,
either a 1,500 sqm or a 750 sqm built-up area. During regular times when the facility is not need to
be used as an evacuation center, it is mostly used as a community center for the surrounding area.

STRUCTURE FEATURES

FLOOR PLAN

The Sirungan ha Guiuan (Guiuan Shelter) was built with plenty of illumination to reduce
bullying and gender-based violence in crowded emergency circumstances, as well as stairs and
handrails for persons with impairments and the elderly. The layout emphasizes natural light and
ventilation while also providing room for registration and information sharing during mass
evacuations. It also includes room for supplies, generators, and gasoline. It is built with Reinforced
concrete building with structural steel roof framework The structure was built to withstand 320 kph

29
 winds and earthquakes in seismic zone 4. Water storage was also included in the facility as part of
the restoration and restoration measures.

SYNTHESIS AND ASSESMENT

Philippines is one of the first to run over since it is the pathway of strongest typhoon, the character
of Filipino to be resilient in times of the disaster are well-known in the world but it is not the solution
to the problem. The solution is building structures that are resilient to the natural phenomena such
as typhoons and earthquake protecting, sheltering and rehabilitation for those people who affected
the natural disaster since the disaster is inevitable to struck to the country. Utilizing these
techniques and incorporating the strategy to the whole country which are victim to the natural
phenomena will help to the community in the long-run, creating a model for evacuation center that
can easily replicated.

D. Project Name: OTON EVACUATION CENTER

Project Location: OTON. ILOILO CITY

Every community needs an evacuation center since it can offer habitation to individuals impacted
by calamities, catastrophes, and natural disasters. Evacuation Centers in the Philippines are typically
located in schools, halls, and gymnasiums, or in a large space that can offer minimal refuge and also doesn’t
suit to the needs of other people such as elderly and disabled person since it only offers basic needs. In
the midst of the pandemic that we are currently facing, these evacuations are also appropriate for this users

30
who are positive to the virus. These centers can accommodate patients, but only to a limited extent because
they are not designed for these events, as opposed to the structure dedicated to the pandemic situation

FAÇADE OF OTON EVACUATION CENTER

TOP VIEW OF OTON EVACUATION CENTER

The regional government of Iloilo proposed building two evacuation centers in various towns in
Iloilo late 2019. According to Jerry Bionat, chief of the PDRRMC (Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Council), the local government units of these towns volunteered to provide lands where the
evacuation centers might be built within or near schools. "The objective," according to Bionat, "is for each

31
local government unit to establish an evacuation center to eliminate the present practice of turning schools
into temporary evacuation centers when disasters such as flooding, landslides, earthquakes, or fire hit."

The Oton Evacuation Center was built at Brgy. Tagbac Sur, Oton, Iloilo, and opened on December
15, 2015. The OCD (Office of Civil Defense) initiated the building of the PHP32-million regional evacuation
facility. The facility has a three-story structure that will be utilized for mass evacuations during disasters and
calamities. The evacuation facility, which is 1,000 square meters and can accommodate up to 600
evacuees or 33 families. It includes six buildings that are fully equipped with services such as prayer rooms,
water facilities, conjugal rooms, community kitchens, toilets, and baths, where evacuees can cook and
bathe. The facilities can be also converted to be used during conferences and can utilize for sports or
indoor games and for cultural presentations and other occasions when there is no disaster.

SYNTHESIS AND ASSESMENT

In relation to the proposed evacuation and rehabilitation center, Oton Evacuation Center can be a model of
the evacuation and rehabilitation center because of its capabilities and facilities that can accommodate
families in times of natural phenomena struck their community. Providing the needs of the community will
also boost the morale of those people who is victim of disaster and calamities, these features will help the
people to be resilient and to be strong physically and mentally. Even though the fact that an article said that
the regional director stated that there is a lack of electricity and water. The connection has already been
installed by the town's water district as per the government. The government also stated that Zarraga Mayor
John Tarrosa will coordinate the requirement for a transformer for 300,000 pesos with Iloilo Governor Arthur
Defensor Jr.

D. National Building Code

CHAPTER IV

TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION

SECTION 401. Type of Construction

For the purposes of this Code, all buildings proposed for construction shall be classified of identified
according to the following types: (5) Type V- Type V buildings shall be fire – resistive. The structural
elements shall be of steel, iron, concrete, of masonry construction. Walls, ceilings, and permanent partitions
shall be incombustible fire- resistive construction.

SECTION 402. Changes in Types

32
 No change shall be made in the type of construction of any building which would place the building
in a different sub-type or type of construction unless such building is made to comply with the requirements
for such sub-type of construction: Except, when the changes is approved by the Building Official upon
showing that the new or proposed construction is less hazardous, based on life and r~ risk, than the existing
construction.

SECTION 403. Requirements on Type of Construction

Subject to the provisions of this Chapter, the Secretary shall prescribe standards for each type of
construction, and promulgate rules and regulations therefore, relating to structural framework, exterior walls
and openings, interior walls and enclosures, floors, exits and stairs construction, and roofs.

CHAPTER V

REQUIREMENT FOR FIRE HAZARD

SECTION 501. Fire Zones Defined

Fire zones are areas within which only certain types of buildings are permitted to be constructed
based on their use or occupancy, type of construction, and resistance to fire.

SECTION 502. Buildings located in more than One Fire Zone

A building or structure which is located partly in one fire zone and partly in 100ther shall be
considered to be in the more highly restrictive fire zone, when more than one-third of its total floor area is
located in such zone.

SECTION 505. Center Lines of Streets

For the purpose of this Chapter, the center line of an adjoining street or alley may consider an
adjacent property line. Distances shall be measured at right angles to the street or alley.

CHAPTER VI

FIRE-RESISTIVE RATING IN CONSTRUCTION

SECTION 601. Fire-Resistive

33
 Rating defined Fire-resistive rating means the degree to which a material can withstand fire as
determined by generally recognized and accepted testing methods.

SECTION 602. Fire-Resistive Time Period Rating

Fire-resistive time period rating is the length of time a material can withstand being burned which
may be one-hour, two-hours, three-hours, four-hours, etc.

SECTION 603. Fire-Resistive Standards

All materials of construction, and assemblies or combinations thereof shall be classified according
to their fire-retardant or flame-spread ratings as determined by general accepted testing methods and/or
by the Secretary.

SECTION 604. Fire-Resistive Regulations

The Secretary shall prescribe standards and promulgate rules and regulations on the .ning of
construction materials for flame-spread characteristics, tests on fire damages, fire tests of building
construction and materials, door assemblies and tingled fire doors 100 window assemblies, the installation
of fire doors and windows and smoke and fire detectors for fire protective signaling system, application and
use of controlled interior finish, fire-resistive protection ·for structural members, fire-resistive walls and
partitions, fire-resistive floor or roof ceiling, fire-resistive assemblies for protection of openings and fire-
retardant roof coverings.

CHAPTER VIII

LIGHT AND VENTILLATION

SECTION 801. General. Requirements of Light and Ventilation

(a) Subject to the provisions of the Civil Code of the Philippines on Easements of Light and View,
and to the provisions of this part of the Code, every building shall be designed, constructed, and
equipped to provide adequate light and ventilation

(b) All buildings shall face a street or public alley or a private street which has been duly approved.

(c} No building shall be altered nor arranged so as to reduce the size of any room or the relative
area of windows to less than that provided for buildings under this Code, or to create an additional
room, unless such additional room conforms to the requirements of this Code.

34
 (d) No building shall be enlarged so that the dimensions of the required court or yard would be less
than that prescribed for such building

SECTION 803. Percentage of Site Occupancy

(a) Maximum site occupancy shall be governed by the use, type of construction, and height of the
building .and the use, area, nature, and location of the site; and subject 1D the provisions of the
local zoning requirements and in accordance with the rules and regulation propagated by the
Secretary.

SECTION 808. Window Openings

Every room intended for any use, not provided with artificial ventilation system as herein specified
in this Code, shall be provided with a window or windows with a total free area of openings equal to at least
ten percent of the floor area of room, and such window shall open directly to a court, yard, public street or
alley, or open water courses.

CHAPTER IX

SANITATION

SECTION 901. General Requirements

Subject to the provisions of Book II of the Civil Code of the Philippines on Property, Ownership,
and its Modification, all buildings hereafter erected, altered, remodeled, relocated or repaired for .human
habitation shall be provided water adequate and potable water supply, plumbing installation, and suitable
wastewater treatment or disposal system, storm water drainage, pest and vermin control, noise abatement
device, and such other measures required for the protection and promotion of health of persons occupying
the premises and others living nearby.

SECTION 902. Water Supply System

(a) Whenever available, the potable water requirements for a building used ·for human habitation
shall be supplied from existing municipal or city waterworks system.

(b) The quality of drinking water from meteoric, surface or underground sources shall conform to
the criteria set in the latest approved National Standards for Drinking Water.

35
 (c) The design, construction and operation of deep wells for the abstraction of groundwater shall
be subject to the provisions of the Water Code of the Philippines.

(d) The design, construction and operation of independent waterworks systems of private housing
subdivisions or industrial estates shall be governed by existing laws relating to local waterworks
system.

(e) The water piping installations inside buildings and premises shall conform to the provisions of
the National Plumbing Code of the Philippines.

SECTION 905. Pest and Vermin Control

(a) All buildings with hollow and/or wood construction shall be provided with rat proofing.

(b) Garbage bins and receptacles shall be provided with ready means for cleaning and with positive
protection against entry of pest and vermin.

(c) Dining rooms for public use without artificial ventilation shall be properly screened.

CHAPTER XII

GENERAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

Section 1205. Floor Construction

(a) Floor shall be of such materials and construction as specified under Chapter 5 Fire Zones and
Fire-Resistive Standards and under Chapter 6 Types of Construction.

(b) All floors shall be so framed and secured into framework and supporting wall as to form an
integral part of the whole building.

(c) The types of floor construction used shall provide means to keep the beam and girder from
lateral buckling.

SECTION 1207. Stairs, Exits, and Occupant Loads

(a) General. The construction of stairs and exits shall conform to the occupant load requirements
of buildings, reviewing stands, bleachers, and grandstands,

36
 (1) Determination of Occupant Loads. The occupant load permitted in any building or portion
thereof shall be determined by dividing the floor area assigned to that by the unit area allowed per
occupant as determined by the Secretary.

(2) Exit Requirements. Exit requirements of a building or portion thereof used for different purposes
shall be determined by the occupant load which gives the largest number of persons. No
obstruction shall be placed in the required width of an exit except projections permitted by this
Code. 19

(3) Posting of Room Capacity. Any room having an occupant load of more than 50 where fixed
seats are not installed, and which is used for classroom, assembly, or similar purpose shall have
the capacity of the room posted in a conspicuous place near the main exit from the room.

(4) Changes in Elevation. Except in Group A Occupancies, changes in floor elevations of less than
300 millimeters along any exit serving a tributary occupant load of 10 or more shall be by means of
ramps:

CHAPTER XIII

ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL REGULATIONS

SECTION 1301. Electrical Regulations

All electrical systems, equipment and installation mentioned in this Code shall con· form to the
provisions of the Philippine Electrical Code, as adopted by the Board of Electrical Engineering pursuant to
Republic Act No. 184 as amended by Republic Act No. 7920 otherwise known as the 11New Electrical
Engineering Law

SECTION 1302. Mechanical Regulations

All mechanical systems, equipment and installations mentioned in this Code shall conform to the
provisions of the Philippine Mechanical Engineering Code, as adopted by the Board of Mechanical
Engineering pursuant to Commonwealth Act No. 294 as amended, otherwise known as the Mechanical
Engineering Law.

37
 CHAPTER III

ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING

A. Organizational Structure

38
B. Space Program and Room Data Sheet
a. ADMIN BUILDING

39
40
41
42
43
44
b. CHAPEL

c. GREENHOUSE

45
d. LIVESTOCK

46
e. MAIN BUILDING

47
48
49
50
51
 LEGEND
Matrix Diagram ADJACENT
SEMI
a. ADMIN BUILDING
ADJACENT
NOT
ADJACENT

LEGEND
PUBLIC
SEMI
PRIVATE
PRIVATE
PRIVATE

52
b. CHAPEL

c. GREENHOUSE

d. LIVESTOCK

e. MAIN BUILDING

53
B. Bubble Diagram
LEGEND
a. ADMIN BUILDING PUBLIC
SEMI
PRIVATE
PRIVATE
PRIVATE

54
55
b. CHAPEL

c. GREENHOUSE

d. LIVESTOCK

e. MAIN BUILDING

56
57
 CHAPTER IV
DESIGN TRANSLATION

A. Group Design Philosophy

" Architecture is the interpretation of ideas and design that should reflect the user’s behavior
with the right application through an established analysis."

B. Overall Design Concept

“UNITY IN DIVERSITY”

Concept of showing unity between groups of individuals despite being different. In unity,
there is strength which is the characteristic that will be seen and felt by the users in entering the
structures of the proposed evacuation and rehabilitation center. The aim of this project is to provide
shelter and ease to vulnerable people in times of disaster.

C. Form Inspiration / Form Evolution

The form concept of the proposed rehabilitation center is a symbol of human unity or
clasping hands which is a universal gesture signifying solidarity. A circular layout will be used in
the structures to focus and give an inward orientation in consideration of the therapy process of the
users. Having a circular layout for the structures will improve and encourage patients to recover
from addiction. It also provides more open spaces and avoids dead spaces.

D. Design Objectives
• To be able to design a proposed evacuation and rehabilitation center that will provide an
equitable service to a diverse group of people.
• To be able to design a proposed evacuation and rehabilitation center that has an
atmosphere similar to a home to reduce anxiety and provide a safe space for the users.
• To be able to design a proposed evacuation and rehabilitation center that provide Indoor
and outdoor activity area to improve their social interaction skills.
• To be able to design a proposed evacuation and rehabilitation center that uses sustainable
materials, textures, and colors to target all five senses and provides more greener spaces
like healing gardens and bodies of water.

58
E. Design Considerations
• HEALTH & SAFETY- Ensures the physical and mental health of the users, a secured place
for the temporary and permanent user of the structure protecting them from different
elements.
• ACCESSIBILITY- Spaces must in accordance to the easiness of different needs of various
users such as elder and disabled person, also in case of unusual situation and
emergencies
• CIRCULATION- Zoning the structure with the function and adjacency of each area in order
to create an uninterrupted flow of the different types of users.
• FLEXIBILITY- Designing the structure that can adapt depending on the situation and not
relying upon the sole purpose of structure converting to another purpose and function.
• EFFICIENCY- Zoning the structure according to the correlation of different areas to
minimize the work and effort of the users maximizing the efficiency of every user.
• ANTHROPOMETRIC- Designing a structure with a human-focused intention for the user
to feel at home and

F.Schematic Plans

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 CHAPTER V
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

A. SUMMARY
The study is about evacuation and rehabilitation center where it will be the response when
it comes to natural disasters. Natural disasters are unexpected which resulted to make the school and
other stadiums as temporary evacuation site. The area of the Philippines is prone to catastrophe to the
point that the evacuation and rehabilitation centers should be necessary. The problem of the study is
to provide an evacuation and rehabilitation center with a solution to the basic needs of the evacuees
such as comfort, health, and safety and being a model of an evacuation and rehabilitation center for
cities during the catastrophe and to reach the objectives the related studies provided will be the guide
on building, planning and designing the structure. The spaces and its zoning are provided to be the
guide of the circulation of the spaces on the structure. The design concept is “unity and diversity” where
the form concept will be related to it.

B. CONCLUSION
As a collective result of this research paper, natural disasters can occur in any area of the world
and are unexpected; they can occur at any moment. Natural disasters may damage and even take lives
regardless of where you live or how you live, and being prepared is the only way to survive. The
Philippines, being an archipelago country, faces the world's largest ocean in our world that creates
natural disasters and calamities such as typhoons and other phenomena caused naturally. Natural
disasters may occur in any area of the world at any moment and it is uncontrollable. Natural
catastrophes may damage and even take lives regardless of where you live or how you live, and being
prepared is the only way to survive a catastrophe. Natural disasters are unplanned, which has resulted
in the school and other facilities being used as temporary evacuation sites, and also temporarily
hindering the natural everyday routine of a community since these buildings are occupied by the
devastated residents in order to survive in an appropriate facility that does not provide their day-to-day
tangible needs and also does not provide intangible things that are also required to stay healthy
physically and mentally. Makeshift evacuation centers that fulfill the purpose of the center sheltering
community but only for a short period of time, and those individuals who have nothing to go back to
endure and survive with no permanent address, settle in illegal settlements to meet their basic need,
which is shelter. The evacuation and rehabilitation center is a picture-perfect solution for the community
who lost their house, as well as for those who are at risk of natural disasters, as it will offer not only
their basic needs but also their other desires and recreation that a temporary evacuation center cannot
offer.

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