UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

Centre for Diploma Studies

________________________________________________________________
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
HIGHWAY AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING LABORATORY
LAPORAN MAKMAL/LABORATORY REPORT

Nama Kursus/
HIGHWAY AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING
Course Name
Kod Kursus/
DAC 20903
Course Code
Tajuk Ujikaji/
SPOT SPEED STUDY
Title of Experiment
Lecturer/ Instructor
CIK NAIDA BINTI ROSLI
Name
Seksyen /Section
Kumpulan/Group C3
5
Nama Ketua
MUHAMAD AMIRUL ASYRAF BIN No. Matrik
Kumpulan /Group
MALIKI AA201032
Leader Name
Nama Ahli Kumpulan/
No. Matrik Penilaian / Assessment
Group Members
MUHAMMAD AFIQ
1. AA201107 Data (Data) 25 %
FAWWAZ BIN FAHMIZAM
MUHAMMAD ADIB BIN
Analisis/Keputusan
2. SALIM AA200174 25 %
(Analysis/Result)
Perbincangan
3. 30 %
(Discussion)
Tarikh Ujikaji / Kesimpulan
20 %
Date of Experiment
ULASAN PEMERIKSA/COMMENTS (Conclusion)
Tarikh Hantar /
JUMLAH / TOTAL 100%
Date of Submission
COP DITERIMA/APPROVED STAMP
 UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Centre for Diploma Studies
________________________________________________________________

STUDENT CODE OF ETHIC

(SCE)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CENTRE OF DIPLOMA STUDIES

I, hereby confess that I have prepared this report on my own effort. I

also admit not
to receive or give any help during the preparation of this report and
pledge
that everything mentioned in the report is true.

_________________
Student Signature
Name : MUHAMAD AMIRUL ASYRAF BIN MALIKI
Matric No. : AA201032
Date : …………14/11/2021………………………………
 UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Centre for Diploma Studies
________________________________________________________________
1.0 INTRODUCTION

Speed is the rate of a vehicle movement, generally expressed in kilometer per hour (km/h). A
spot speed study is a study of traffic free flow velocity at one point or spot on a traffic way
usually at a midpoint. It consists of a series of individual speed observations. These
observations are used to estimate the speed distribution of the entire traffic stream at that
location, under the conditions prevailing at the time of the study. Spot speed study can be
used to investigate speeds at problematic locations to justify complaints related to speeding or
road safety issues. Other than that, spot speed study also can be used to validate suitable
posted speed limit on a new road based on its 85th percentile speed.

2.0 OBJECTIVE

a. To determine the speed parameters of traffic (mean, mode, median, 85th percentile,
pace & standard deviation)
b. To justify the speeding issue at the location of study

3.0 APPARATUS

3.1 Laser Speed Gun

3.2 Forms SS1 and SS2

3.3 Graph Papers

3.4 Safety Vest

 UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Centre for Diploma Studies
________________________________________________________________
4.0 PROCEDURE
4.1 Suitable location to collected speed data was identified
4.2 The speed of vehicles according to their respective vehicle class was measured
using the laser speed gun.
a) Class 1 – Motorcycles
b) Class 2 – cars
c) Class 3 – vans & Medium Trucks
d) Class 4 – Large Trucks & buses

4.3 All speed measurements was recorded in form SS1

4.4 The data in form SS1 was transferred to form SS2

5.0 DATA ANALYSIS

speed class class Mid value, class fx precentage in cumulative upper

 UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Centre for Diploma Studies
________________________________________________________________
frequency,f
(km/h) x (km/h) (veh) class (%) percentage (%) class
30-38 34 1 34 2 2 38.5
39-47 43 6 258 12 14 47.5
48-56 52 17 884 34 48 56.5
57-65 61 12 732 24 72 65.5
66-74 70 10 700 20 92 74.5
75-83 79 4 316 8 100 83.5
Total 50 2924

Frequency Histogram
18
16
14
Class Frequency, f (veh)

12
10
8 Frequency Distribution curve
6
40
4
35
2
Cumulative Frequency Distribution Curve
30 0
100 30-38 39-47 48-56 57-65 66-74 75-83
Precentage in class (%)

25 90 speed class (km/h)

20 80
Cumulative Precentage (%)

70
15
60
10 50

5 40
30
0
30 20 40 50 60 70 80 90
10 Class Mid Value, x (km/h)
0
30 40 50 60 70 80 90
upper class
 UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Centre for Diploma Studies
________________________________________________________________

Mean :

fx
∑
n

2924
¿
50

¿ 58.48km/h

Mode:

17km/j

Frequency Distribution curve

40

35

30
Precentage in class (%)

25

20

15

10

0
30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Class Mid Value, x (km/h)

Pace: 48-60
 UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Centre for Diploma Studies
________________________________________________________________

Cumulative Frequency Distribution Curve

100
90
80
Cumulative Precentage (%)

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
30 40 50 60 70 80 90
upper class

Median (50th percentile):

n
L+
(
[ ]
2)
−fL

fm
×C

50
56.5+ [ ]
2( )
−24

12
×9

¿ 57.25km/h

85th percentile: 71km/h

 UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Centre for Diploma Studies
________________________________________________________________

Standard deviation:

∑ fx2 −¿ ¿ ¿ ¿
¿
√ n−1

(2924 )2
¿
√ 33658
−
50−1 50(50−1)

=√ 3608.735−3489.704

¿ √ 119.031

¿ 10.91

6.0 DISCUSSION

a) List two factors that effect the data collection.

I. There is construction going on beside the road
II. There is pot holes scattering on the road

b) Briefly explain the function of 85th percentile speed

To create a suitable speed limit for the road

c) If the spot speed analysis show majority driver are over speeding. Suggest
TWO techniques to control the speeding area
I. Physical changes in the road for such as roundabouts, speed humps,
and bulb-outs
II. Speed limit legislation
 UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Centre for Diploma Studies
________________________________________________________________

d) Conclusion
Statistics clearly show that the majority of drivers did not care about speed
limits at the time. When looking at the mean, mode and median speed, it is
clear that everything is above 30 km/h. the speed limit is 30km/h because there
is a construction area on the road that we run the experiment The average of
the data is more than the speed limit, and it remains according to a relatively
normal distribution with a small tilt to the left. Data are based on patterns with
a speed range of 48 km/h to 60 km/h. The aggregate frequency graph also
reveals that only about 1% of drivers remain at the 30 km/h speed limit.
Despite our best efforts, statistics would have been more accurate if human
error had been eliminated. The data will most likely be more accurate and
eliminate its own inaccuracies due to human error and response time if the
experiment uses a sensor instead of a stopwatch With an armed marker and
timer. Another technique for getting more accurate data is to make sure the
data collection process doesn’t tell drivers that they are being given time.
When they noticed that we had waited for time to dump our data, some drivers
either accelerated or slowed down the car.