THE EFFECTS OF COVID-19 TO THE SMALL BUSINESSES AT VALENCIA CITY,

BUKIDNON

Submitted by:

MONISSE M. MAGALLANES

CEDNY MARIE T. DEQUILLO

TRISHA IZZABELLAR. ANASCO

A RESEARCH STUDY SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF

ENGLISH AT VALENCIA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL. IT IS FOR THE PARTIAL

FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SUBJECT.

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

October 2021
 Table of Contents

Acknowledgement & Dedication………………………………………………….1

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

There are a number of few people without whom this research might not have been

written, and whom we are greatly indebted.

To our Almighty Father, who has given us wisdom, presence of mind, and virtue of

patience in writing this research paper.

To our subject teacher, who been with us and never get tired of us in teaching us

how make research paper thank you so much for your expert, sincere and valuable

guidance and encouragement extended to us.

To our understanding parents, who never get tired of inspiring and supporting us in

any way or another and the unconditional love they have showed us. To our siblings,

who is always there to guide me in making this study thank you so much.

Dedication

It is our deepest gratitude and warmest affection that we dedicate this research to

our loving family who has been a constant source of inspiration and our greatest

support system. To the teacher who taught us the beauty of literature, and to the

students and other people as well who might find this work interesting.

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 Abstract

COVID-19 caused a massive loss of life and had a global impact that has no

geographical borders or timetable for its effects to fade. It has impacted countries all

over the world, disturbing economic levels and enterprises in every industry, as well

as affecting people's daily lives. The goal of this study is to see how the coronavirus

pandemic has affected entrepreneurs' businesses as well as their impressions on the

shift in consumer behavior throughout this period. The data show that the pandemic

had a detrimental influence. Many firms have had to close their doors permanently

due to low production and earnings. Surprisingly, when compared to pre-COVID-19

times, female businesses do not observe a change in consumer behavior.

Interestingly, the results indicate there is a negative impact on employees’ efficiency

to conduct work in which almost no research has conveyed such a finding.

A survey of 25 male and female entrepreneurs in Valencia City, Bukidnon, was done

for this aim, employing a simple random sample over three days.

Finally, this research will aid entrepreneurs in gaining a better grasp of this new

environment, which will enable them to take the required precautions and adapt to

keep their enterprises afloat during unusual times.

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 INTRODUCTION

COVID-19 is not just a health issue, but it is also the start of a financial disaster.

The worldwide health crisis, which began in 2020, impacted small and medium-sized

businesses and industries. In recent months, the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak

on businesses, employees, customers, communities, and each other have been felt

all across the world. Some countries have suspended economic activities and

instituted social distancing measures to avoid human-to- human transmission. To

slow the spread of COVID19, various measures are being implemented, ranging

from national quarantines to school closures, as well as mandatory quarantines and

voluntary recommendations to stay at home, as well as the closure of certain types

of businesses, embargoes on event planning, and indefinite bans on public

gatherings. Lockdowns, reduced consumption, closures have all resulted as a result

of this. COVID19 has revealed many companies flaws, such as poor financial

planning, an inability to understand customers' true needs and how the product or

service can help them, a lack of competitive analysis, insufficient diversity of sales

channels, and a lack of regular review analysis to account for existing market

innovations, and so on. The risks in the actual world are minimized when a has

revealed concept is examined while considering different bad possibilities, and this

must be apparent in the company's life force. While a few industries have

demonstrated resilience or even created new company segments, the majority of

small and medium-sized service businesses are experiencing a "new normal"

economic climate. So, every sector and every individual must be involved in the

fights.

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The real pandemic impact will be measured in a few years. In the meantime, the

pandemic has created new markets and needs, as well as highlighted the

significance of certain services and products, resulting in new business opportunities.

During a critical period, such as the COVID-19 pandemic disaster, which is fraught

with fear and uncertainty, people all over the world are deeply committed to

cooperating and supporting one another in any way they can. However, the business

communities are not invulnerable. They should continue to assist their workers,

customers, and communities through various corporate social responsibility

programs, as they have done in the past, throughout this moment of difficulty.

Simultaneously, the crisis presents an excellent opportunity for us to learn more

about the basic principles driving large-scale revolutionary change, which is badly

required in a number of economic systems throughout the world. As an optimist, I

would like to believe that, after the difficult period of recovering from personal and

business, the economy will remain interconnected, but in a more organized manner.

The new alternative ideas to strategy for small and medium-sized enterprises should

help increase the likelihood of overcoming the pandemic's impact, as small medium

sized have been severely impacted financially due to limited resources and expertise.

People who were already vulnerable (physically or financially) face additional risks

and uncertainties regarding their health, income, shelter, and other well-being. The

first priority is now to ensure human health and safety, as well as to assist

vulnerable people in surviving in society in any way possible. The lesson of the

coronavirus pandemic will necessitate greater investments in worker health security

and safer working environments, even if this results in lower profits. Only such
changes, in the long run, can protect the world from another pandemic like the

COVID-19 pandemic.

Statement of the Problem

In Valencia City Bukidnon public market is where the study would happen.

However, the study will tackle the following but first we first need to state the

problem of this study.

This study is an effort to investigate how COVID -19 influence the small business

entrepreneurship in the city. How it influences their daily income and their daily

living. As well as the effect of COVID-19 too to their customers and to their supplier

as well.

Hypothesis

The expectation and prediction that might be proven in my research is, this

study will be solve. It will be solved through this research. Through this research my

prediction of the effects of the covid-19 to the small entrepreneurs will be proven at

the end of this study. In which it does not lack. As well as no more lapses will

happened.

Specific Objectives

This study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What are the effects of COVID-19 to the small businesses in the city?

2. What businesses mostly faces these failures?

3. Does this situation affects their family daily income too?

4. What are the remedies and better prevention for this situation?

Significance of the Study

The present research is an effort to investigate the effects of COVID 19 to the

small businesses Also, it as well could help readers to gained knowledge about this

study. It which it will solved all the questions they have about the COVID-19. This

research study moreover will strengthen also, the view that most individuals have

indeed varied perceptions in life about coronavirus whereas it affects their daily

existence and their manner of living. Thus, this study will help students and

everyone else who are acquainted in small businesses and by this study they will be

aware what are the effects of covid 19 not just in their body but to their businesses

as well. In addition, through this too, we can learn what are the suitable solution for

this diseases to unleash and prevent this from spreading and causes harmful effects

in the human body. Specifically, this study is beneficial because it will help the

following group of individuals:

Entrepreneurs- this study is beneficial to the entrepreneurs because this will give

them an idea on what strategies and investments and safer working environments

even if there is pandemic and will apply in their business. The result of this study will

help them to generate better sales for the progress. improvements for the greater.

Additionally, this research will act as a wake-up call for students to do additional

research that will benefit future generations.

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Scope and Delimitation

The scope of the study focuses on the effects of covid 19 in Valencia City, Bukidnon.

In which the age of the respondents is mostly already in 18-50 years old.

However, this study delimits only the effects of the coronavirus on small business

entrepreneurs. As well as its effects on their life. Yet, other factors aside from socio-

economic and educational background were omitted in the process of conducting the

study.

Definition of Terms

In the process of conducting the study, the researcher found words that

are important to elaborate on. In which with regards to its denotative and

connotative definition to wholly extrapolate what these words are all about.

COVID-19 - are a broad family of viruses that cause a variety of illnesses, from the

common cold to more dangerous infections like Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-

related Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related

Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) (SARS-CoV). Coronavirus can also infect agricultural

animals and domesticated pets, causing a variety of diseases.

Entrepreneur - an entrepreneur is someone who creates a company and is prepared

to take a risk in order to profit.
Entrepreneurship - is described as either the act of creating and running your own
business or a desire to work for yourself in your own businesses. A guy who runs his
own firm is an example of entrepreneurship.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This is the review of related literature of this study. The purpose of these is to

prevent duplication and give credits to other researchers.

The empirical study of Xiemin Wang entitled “the effect of corona virus on the

nature”, based on Hubei data, estimated the economic impact of this virus on China

and on the global economy, highlighting that coronavirus has some effect on the

nature of the economic impact, where the exit effect is crucial, as businesses

function as a network [87]. Also on the effect on economies, Ruiu, based on Italy’s

response to this crisis, argued that the pandemic crisis was affected by

mismanagement of communication.

On the various studies address the global economic impacts, with Danylyshyn [84]

and Danylyshyn and Bohdan [85] highlighting the shortage of scientific studies on

other crises to allow some conclusion to be drawn and studying the current economy

in the Ukraine; Ilyin and Morev [86] studied the economic shock in Russia compared

to other countries, as a function of government decisions; Ataguba [68] compared

this pandemic with a war, in which the economic impacts, both micro and macro,

will be devastating for Africa.

Another research stream studied supply chains, which were greatly affected by the

pandemic, with severe or lockdown effects, which raised questions about the
sustainability of international organizations, characterized by great fragmentation of

work, particularly those with a high level of specialization [89].

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Keynesian theory

- According to the theory, it is founded on two basic concepts: the marginal efficacy

of invested capital and a well-functioning demand channel (Zhao, 2020). In keeping

with the previously stated premise, the Keynesian theory indicates that poor product

demand in a certain region's economy, in this case, China's, is thought to play a big

role in generating a major downturn in that region's economy (Hepburn et al.,

2020).

Theory of comparative advantage

- The mentioned theory highlights a company's capacity to supply

goods and services at a lower opportunity cost than its competitors in order to

achieve higher sales margins than its competitors. According to the explanation

supplied in the preceding point, the specified theory is regarded as a tool that is

used to serve the goal of making appropriate modifications to the production

channels within China's small to medium companies (Naradda Gamage et al., 2020).

As a result of the changes made to small- and medium-sized firms' production

channels, it can be said that the businesses' ability to allocate precious resources to

other areas that are critical to their survival and sustainability has increased (Addison

et al., 2020). To clarify the preceding component, it should be noted that by

allocating resources to relevant divisions of the business, small and medium firms

increase their chances of building a competitive advantage that sets them apart from

their competitors (Naradda Gamage et al. 2020).

Research Paradigm

Independent Variables

Dependent Variable

Figure 1 depicts the impact of COVID 19 on small enterprises throughout the city.

The Study's Hypothesis

The following null hypotheses were developed for testing at the significance level of

0.05:

Ho1: The standard deviation is not substantial between the two services

Ho2: The difference in service standard deviation is not substantial.

Methodology

Research Design

This study used descriptive research design and employed mixed approach

that means the study was conducted through both qualitative and quantitative

research approach.

Research Environment
The study will be taken at Valencia City, Central Market (Mercado). In which the

market have so many small business that are most of the time the COVID- 19 has

effected. That is why this place is a right place for conducting this research study.

Research Respondents

As said in the research title the respondents of this study is the small business

entrepreneurs. The vendors to be exact of the said market. The vendors that at the

age of 18 to 50 years of age. In which the one of most affected people and

entrepreneurs in this time of pandemic that suffers a lot in terms of affluentness.

Research Instruments

I think the best instrument for our research is structure interview. Due to the fact

that I want to set a questions that is posed to each interviewee. Also, to record my

research using a standardized procedure. For my perspective, this research

instrument just contains clear and definite instructions.

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Appendices

Appendix E: Letter to the participants

Republic of the Philippines

VALENCIA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
STUDENT
October 18, 2021

Dear Ma'am/Sir,

We would like to invite you to participate in the study entitled "The effects of COVID

19 to the Small Businesses at Valencia City.” This is to examine the virus's impact

and to determine which retailers or markets have consistently been the most

afflicted. The information acquired will be kept private because none of you will be

forced to give personal information. It will undoubtedly be kept hidden from the

view of other students.

Please sign below if you agree to participate in this study willingly. Your signature

acknowledges that you have read and understand the terms of your participation in

this study.

You can reach the researcher at +63 977 403 5174 for further information.

_____________________ ____________
Signatures of participants Date

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Effects of COVID-19 to the Small Businesses

Valencia City Questionnaire

Name: (Optional) Place:

Business: Age:
Sex: ____ Male ___Female
Directions: For each state in the survey, please indicate how much extreme or how
much effect that the COVID-19 cause to your business by putting check in the box
on the right side of each statement. There are no right or wrong answers. Since its
your own opinion. Please be reminded to be honest while answering.
Scale: 5- Extreme Effect, 4-Difficult Effect, 3-Mild Effect, 2- Bearable Effect,
1-None
Questions:

5 4 3 2 1
Extreme Difficult Mild Bearable None
Effects Effects Effect Effect
What rate
are the
effects of
Covid 19 to
Vegetables
Vendors?
What rate
are the
effects of
Covid 19 to
Fruit
Vendors?
What rate
are the
effects of
Covid 19 to
the Meat
 Vendors?
What rate
are the
effects
Covid 19 to
the Fish
Vendors?
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Hao, F., Xiao, Q., & Chon, K. (2020). COVID-19 and China’s hotel industry: Impacts,
a disaster management framework, and post-pandemic agenda. International
Journal of Hospitality Management, 90, 102636.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102636

He, P., Niu, H., Sun, Z., & Li, T. (2020). Accounting index of COVID-19 impact on
Chinese industries: A case study using big data portrait analysis. Emerging Markets
Finance and Trade, 56(10), 2332–2349.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2020.1785866

Hepburn, C., O’Callaghan, B., Stern, N., Stiglitz, J., & Zenghelis, D. (2020). Will
COVID-19 fiscal recovery packages accelerate or retard progress on climate change?
Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 36(Supplement_1), S359–S381.
https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/graa015 Kaberia, S. K., & Muathe, S. M. (2020).
Effect of Covid-19 pandemic on performance of women owned micro, small and
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Social Science Studies, 9(1), 7–21. https://doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v9i1.5089

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