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Module 1 - Introduction To Organic Chemistry
Module 1 - Introduction To Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
1.1 What is Organic Chemistry?
1.2 The Unique Nature of Carbon
1.3 Classification of Organic Compounds
1.4 Factors Affecting the Physical Properties of
Organic Compounds
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1 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.1
What is Organic
Chemistry?
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2 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.1 What is Organic Chemistry (SB p.2)
Organic Chemistry
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3 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.1 What is Organic Chemistry (SB p.4)
Living Carbohydrates /
things Proteins / Fats /
Vitamins / Antibiotics
A variety of
organic products
obtained from
living things
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4 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.1 What is Organic Chemistry (SB p.4)
Chemistry
Organic Inorganic
compounds compounds
obtained from obtained from
living organisms non-living sources
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6 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.1 What is Organic Chemistry (SB p.3)
(Inorganic (Organic
compound) compound)
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7 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.1 What is Organic Chemistry (SB p.3)
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8 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.2
The Unique
Nature of Carbon
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9 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.2 The Unique Nature of Carbon (SB p.5)
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10 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.2 The Unique Nature of Carbon (SB p.5)
Ability to Catenate
Ability to Catenate
C – C > Si – Si > Ge – Ge > Sn – Sn
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13 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.2 The Unique Nature of Carbon (SB p.5)
Ability to Catenate
C–C>N–N>O–O
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14 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.2 The Unique Nature of Carbon (SB p.5)
Ability to Catenate
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15 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.2 The Unique Nature of Carbon (SB p.5)
* X = halogens
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17 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.3
Classification of
Organic
Compounds
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18 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.3 Classification of Organic Compounds (SB p.7)
Functional Groups
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19 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.3 Classification of Organic Compounds (SB p.7)
Functional Groups
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20 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.3 Classification of Organic Compounds (SB p.7)
Functional Groups
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21 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.3 Classification of Organic Compounds (SB p.7)
Functional Groups
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22 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.3 Classification of Organic Compounds (SB p.7)
Functional Groups
and
Homologous Series
A homologous series is a series of
compounds that have the same functional
group, and each member differs from
the next member by a – CH2 – unit in
their formulae.
Homologous Series
• Members in the same series can be
represented by a general formula.
alkenes: CnH2n
alkynes: CnH2n-2
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27 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.3 Classification of Organic Compounds (SB p.13)
Homologous Series
• Members in the same series can be
represented by a general formula.
aldehydes: CnH2n+1CHO
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28 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.3 Classification of Organic Compounds (SB p.13)
Homologous Series
Functional group
Chemical
of an organic
properties
compound
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29 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.3 Classification of Organic Compounds (SB p.13)
Homologous Series
• The physical properties change gradually
along the homologous series
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33 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.4 Factors Affecting the Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
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34 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.4 Factors Affecting the Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
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35 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.4 Factors Affecting the Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
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38 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.4 Factors Affecting the Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
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39 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.4 Factors Affecting the Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
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43 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.4 Factors Affecting the Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
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44 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.4 Factors Affecting the Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
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45 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.4 Factors Affecting the Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
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46 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.4 Factors Affecting the Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
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47 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.4 Factors Affecting the Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
Aromatic
ArH Benzene
hydrocarbon
Phenyl group
50 R = CnH2n+1 –
50 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.3 Classification of Organic Compounds
General Functional Example
Family
formula group Formula IUPAC name
¾X
Haloalkane RX CH3Cl Chloromethane
halo group
¾ OH
Alcohol ROH CH3OH Methanol
hydroxyl group
¾O¾ CH3 ¾ O ¾
Ether R¾O ¾ R Methoxymethane
oxy group CH3
Aldehyde Methanal
carbonyl group
R = CnH2n+1 –
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51 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.3 Classification of Organic Compounds
General Functional Example
Family
formula group Formula IUPAC name
Ketone Propanone
carbonyl group
Carboxylic
Ethanoic acid
acid
carboxyl group
RNH2
Amine R2NH CH3NH2 Methylamine
R3 N amino group
¾CºN
Nitrile RCºN CH3CN Ethanenitrile
nitrile group
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52 R = CnH2n+1 –New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.3 Classification of Organic Compounds
General Functional Example
Family
formula group Formula IUPAC name
Methyl
Ester
ethanoate
ester group
Ethanoyl
Acyl halide
chloride
acyl halide
group
Amide Ethanamide
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amide group
New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level 3A
53 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A R = CnH2n+1 –
1.3 Classification of Organic Compounds
Acid Ethanoic
anhydride anhydride
acid anhydride
group
R = CnH2n+1 –
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54 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
The END
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55 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A