CASE

PRESENTATION
Integrated Management of Childhood Illness

BY. GROUP 1
 IDENTIFICATION OF THE CASE

This is a case of a 4 years old boy living in So. Tikhian, Manoot, Rizal,
Occidental Mindoro with a name of B.A.K, he was a part of indigenous people
"Mangyan" Based on our assessment, the classification of this child lies within
this category:

Moderate Acute Malnutrition

No Pneumonia: Cough and Colds
Fever: No Malaria
 ASSESSMENT,
CLASSIFICATION
& TREATMENT
DOCUMENTATION
DISCUSSION
 MODERATE ACUTE MALNUTRITION
Malnutrition Definition:

Malnutrition is a serious condition that happens when your diet does not
contain the right amount of nutrients. It means "poor nutrition" and can refer
to: under nutrition – not getting enough nutrients.

Since the malnutrition of px is related to parasitic infection the Hookworm

infections reduces food intake and/or increase nutrient wastage resulting of
having nutrient deficiencies.

 MODERATE ACUTE MALNUTRITION

TYPES OF MICROORGANISM

Previous research has found that the bacteria, viruses, and fungi
normally found in the digestive system called the gut microbiome
are also harmed by malnutrition. Some studies have suggested that
the resulting state of microbiome disrepair contributes to ongoing
malnutrition.

 MODERATE ACUTE MALNUTRITION

CAUSE OF MALNUTRITION

It is the result of chronic or recurrent undernutrition, usually

associated with poor socioeconomic conditions, poor maternal health
and nutrition, frequent illness, and/or inappropriate infant and
young child feeding and care in early life.
 COUNSELING
(MALNUTRITION)
 PREVENTION AND CONTROL
1. Primary Prevention

• Health Education to mothers about good nutrition and food hygiene.

• Immunization of Children
• Monitoring growth ( weight, height and measurement)
daily dose of the essential vitamins and minerals like vitamin C, A, D, B, iron, and
calcium.
• Prepare healthy meals and exercise good hand hygiene at home.
• Consult your doctor for treatment and follow a healthy and balanced diet.
• Promote daily exercise and physical activities in your household to boost your
child’s immune system.
 PREVENTION AND CONTROL
What food should you take to prevent and control Malnutrition?

• Discourage your children from consuming sweets and other processed

foods which provide little to no nutritional value to their diets.

1. Sweet potatoes
2. Leafy vegetables

3. Milk
4. Apples
5. Bananas
6. Carrots
7. Citrus fruits

8. Fish

 MANAGEMENT AND PRECAUTION

• Among specific individual, household, and environmental factors and the development of
acute malnutrition in children, the following are significant risk factors for MAM and SAM:
a. Inadequate dietary intake
b. Inappropriate feeding
c. Fetal growth restriction
d. Inadequate sanitation
e. Lack of parental education
f. Family size
g. Incomplete vaccination
h. Poverty
i. Economic, political, and environmental instability and emergency situations
 MANAGEMENT AND PRECAUTION
• The management of MAM can be broadly categorized into prevention and treatment
strategies

•Strategies for the prevention of MAM dovetail with public health interventions promoting
optimal child growth and development. These strategies include:
promotion of appropriate breastfeeding
supplementary feeding practices
access to appropriate health care for the prevention and treatment of disease
improved sanitation and hygiene practices
 MANAGEMENT AND PRE-CAUTION
• Strategies for Treatment
a. In 2008, the WHO established a working group on dietary management of MAM; since
then, the emphasis on exploring optimal food-based treatments for MAM has increased
b. The 2012 WHO technical note on supplementary foods for managing MAM in children
ages 6–59 months calls for providing locally available, nutrient-dense foods to improve
nutritional status and prevent SAM
c. The Community-Based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) Forum published a
technical brief in 2014
 MANAGEMENT AND PRE-CAUTION
i. recommended diet suitable for children with MAM
• Supplementary Feeding
• Recommended Nutrient Requirements for MAM

ii. counseling caregivers

• Nutrition Counselling and Education
• Routine Medical Care
• Monitoring and Evaluation

iii. decision-making framework for selecting appropriate supplementary feeding program

(SFP) approaches
• MAM Management Decision Making Framework
MANAGEMENT AND PRE-CAUTION
MANAGEMENT AND PRE-CAUTION
MANAGEMENT AND PRE-CAUTION
 BASIC REMEDIES (NATURAL/HOME
REMEDIES)

Moderate acute malnutrition - In children aged 6–59 months, moderate

acute malnutrition is defined as moderate wasting (i.e. weight-for-height
between –3 and –2 Z-scores of the WHO Child Growth Standards
median) and/or mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) greater or equal
to 115 mm and less than 125 mm.

 BASIC REMEDIES (NATURAL/HOME

REMEDIES)

Treating moderate acute malnutrition:

The following ideas will help you to increase the amount of calories and
protein
• Eat ‘little and often’ – 3 small meals a day with 2-3 snacks in-between
meals
• Include protein at each meal such as meat, fish, chicken, eggs, beans or
lentils
• Avoid low fat, sugar-free, diet foods and drinks for example skimmed
m,ilk
 BASIC REMEDIES (NATURAL/HOME
REMEDIES)
• Add high calorie ingredients to meals and drinks including full cream milk,
cheese, butter, olive oil and cream

• Try not to have drinks just before meals to prevent you from feeling full

• Try including 1 pint of full cream milk each day - this can be enriched by
adding 4 tablespoons of dried milk powder. Use this instead of milk and water
in drinks, cooking, cereals and puddings
 BASIC REMEDIES (NATURAL/HOME
REMEDIES)
Ideas for adding high calorie ingredients to food and drink:
 BASIC REMEDIES (NATURAL/HOME
REMEDIES)
Ideas for high calorie and protein snacks:
• avocado
• thick and creamy yoghurts
• desserts
• dried fruit
• nuts and seeds
• cereal bar
• mini pork pie, sausage roll, scotch egg
• hocolate, biscuits, pastries and cakes
• fruit with chocolate spread or peanut butter
 HEALTH PROMOTION
HEALTHY DIET

• Eat variety of food that includes staple food like cereals such as wheat,
barley, maize or starchy tubers or roots, vegetables, fruits and food from
animal sources.
• Eating unprocessed and fresh foods will help maintain the right amount of
essential nutrients.
• Avoid processed, packed and preserved foods as far as possible to avoid high
amounts of salt, sugar, and preservatives they contain.
• Ensure you take at least 5 portions of fresh fruits and vegetables each day.

 HEALTH PROMOTION
• Take at least 8 glasses of water each day.
• Include protein at each meal such as meat, fish, chicken, eggs, beans or
lentils
• Avoid low fat, sugar-free, diet foods and drinks for example skimmed milk
• Choose nourishing drinks such as milky drinks (malted drinks, hot
chocolate, milky coffee and milkshakes) or high sugar drinks such as fruit
juice, smoothies, fizzy drinks or squash.

Aim to limit eating calories from:

• Added sugar foods
• Saturated and trans fat
• Sodium
 HEALTH PROMOTION
HYGIENE
(Deworming)

•Deworming improves your child's immunity, and thereby protecting him/her

from chronic illnesses caused by worms.

Hygiene and food safety

Food-born diseases are preventable with simple steps for good hygiene
practice.

 HEALTH PROMOTION
Body Hygiene:
• Wash hands
• Having regular baths or shower
• Brushing your teeth twice a day
• Washing your hands after handling pets and other animals
• Covering your mouth and nose with a tissue (or your sleeve) when sneezing
or coughing.
• Trimming nails (longer fingernails can harbor more dirt and bacteria than
short nails, thus potentially contributing to the spread of infection)
• Get rid earwax
 HEALTH PROMOTION
Food safety and Hygiene:
• Throughly cook foods
• Wash fresh produce before eating
• Correct food storage
• Wipe down counter tops
• Change dishtowels, sponges and dishcloths regularly
• Don't cross-contaminate
• Clean your chopping board after use
• Bin basics
• Stop grease in its tracks
• Keep the fridge clean
• Scrub your sink daily
 HEALTH PROMOTION
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Physical exercise improved these indicators and generated weight gain, thus
reversing the biggest feature of malnutrition.

• Most of the physical activity should be aerobic, where kids use large muscles
and continue for a period of time.

• Make physical activity part of the daily routine. From household chores to
an after-dinner walk, keep your family active every day.

 HEALTH PROMOTION
• Allow enough time for free play. Kids can burn more calories and have more
fun when left to their own devices. Playing tag, riding bikes around the
neighborhood.

• Keep a variety of games and sports equipment on hand. It doesn't have to be

expensive an assortment of balls, hula-hoops, and jump ropes can keep kids
busy for hours.

• Be active together. It'll get you moving, and kids love to play with their
parents