English for Tourism

‘Transport for Tourism’

Lecturer: Wawat Srinawati, S.Pd., M.Pd

Arranged By Group 5th:

Agnia Afipah Firdaus (0142S1C018021)
Meuti Aulia Kristi (0142S1C018009)
VII / A

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS

SEKOLAH TINGGI KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN
MUHAMMADIYAH BOGOR
TAHUN 2021
 INTRODUCTION

Transportation has been an integral part of the tourism industry; transportation links
tourists with various tourist attractions. There is a general agreement that tourism
expands more when there are better transportation systems. In many part of the world
tourism had been underperforming compared to the natural heritage the country is
endowed with. One of the things mentioned as the reason for under performance is poor
transportation systems.

Transportation needs for tourism promotion and tourism development among others, to
be maintenance of the existing roads, construction of more roads/rail track/sea and air
transportation, and construction of local airports and enhancement of local flight
operations. And established that the level of security and safety in transportation
systems is not bad though transportation costs are considered high by tourists. Tourism
development could be even bigger if more could be done in various elements of
transportation systems. It is an important for all its stakeholders to take part to develop
tourism in their regions. (The government, and other stakeholders of tourism).

Tourism sector is one of the main important sectors of the economy. Many countries
take advantage of covering the budget deficit with the help of profits coming from
tourism. That is why tourism sometimes is called a factory without chimney. But
tourism has its own unique features that differentiate this sector from the others. Like in
the other service industries, in tourism the customers, that is, the tourists come to the
destination where the tourism services are provided. As the matter of fact it is difficult
to think of tourism sector without transportation. Transportation is the main mean to
carry passengers, that is, the tourists to the actual site where tourism services are
performed. Based on the explanation above, the writers want to explain more about the
Transport for Tourism in this paper. And also the writers hope that this paper will useful
for readers.
 TRANSPORT FOR TOURISM

A. Definition and Concept of Transport

Transport is one of the essential components of tourism activities. The
movement of human beings at national and international level is taking place
because of various means of transport. Millions of tourists are being transported
safely, quickly, and comfortably to their destinations at a reasonable cost. In
fact, transport and its associated infrastructure have facilitated human mobility
on large scale. Besides, here are the concept of Transport;
 The term transport is derived from the Latin word trans meaning across a
port. Thus, the movement of people or goods from one place to another
by a means of transport is called transportation. Each tourist must move
from place to place and needs transportation for his or her movement.
Transport helps people to move from tourist generating area to tourist
destination area.
 In between, there is a transit route. There are different modes of transport
like road transport, rail transport, water transport and air transport. In
earlier times road transport was more popular than railways or
waterways.
 Those days travelers generally travelled on foot. When emperor Jahangir
(1605 - 1627 AD) noticed some walls measuring to 3 gas long along the
roads in Gujarat, he realized how handy they were to the porter who was
tired and wanted to rest.
 He could easily place the luggage on the wall and left it again with ease
and without any assistance from any one and proceeded to his
destination. Jahangir liked the system so much that he ordered such walls
to be constructed in all towns at government expense.

B. Linkages between Transport and Tourism

 Tourism plays a key role in the socio-economic and cultural progress
through creation of jobs, enterprise and infrastructure and revenue earnings.
Transport occupies a key position in tourism sector, and it is an important driver
for socio-economic progress. It plays an important role as it would be impossible
for tourists to visit many tourist sites without it. It provides an essential link
between points of origin to its destination areas. Due to new innovations in
transport system, the growth and patterns of tourism are changing. In India,
Planning Commission has identified tourism as the second largest sector in the
country in providing employment opportunities. Most of the semi-skilled
workers are engaged in supportive activities of tourism industry.

C. The role of Transportation in Tourism

Litman (2008) elaborated on 12 transportation factors that effect a
destination’s accessibility, specifically: (i) Transportation modes – quality of
transportation options, such as with respect to speed, comfort, and safety; (ii)
Transportation network connectivity – density of link and path connections, or
directness of travel between destinations; (iii) Travel cost or affordability; (iv)
Mobility – travel speed and distance, capacity, or travel time; (v) Integration of
the links and modes within the transportation system; (vi) Transportation
demand; (vii) User information – availability of reliable information on mobility
and accessibility options; (viii) Mobility substitutes – telecommunications and
delivery service substitutes for physical travel; (ix) Transportation management;
(x) Land use factors; (xi) Prioritization of travel activities; and (xii) The value of
inaccessibility or isolation. Improving these accessibility factors can contribute
to the economic success of a tourist destination (Currie and Falconer 2014,
Celata 2007).
The introduction of railway laid the foundation for modern tourism,
followed by the revolution of the automobile, which changed the style of
regional and inter-regional tourism. International tourism was made possible
soon thereafter by innovations in long-haul air transportation, which allowed for
tourism in previously unreachable destinations. While energy-intensive forms of
 motorized transportation are preferred for long-haul travel because they save so
much time, riding bicycles or walking at the destination can provide tourists
with the on-site experiences they desire, such as relaxation or adventure. Cruise
ships and ferries, categorized as modes of water transportation, have not only
recovered the travel demand at the end of 20th century and into the 2000s , but
have also become tourist destinations in their own right and formed tourism
destinations in some cases .
The two locations within the transportation network. Activities that
widen links, or providing well-organized taxi connections for tourists near
central bus or train stations can also improve connectivity between the
transportation network and accommodations. In some exceptions, improving
transportation infrastructure may reduce accessibility. For example, in congested
conditions, adding a new link or improving an existing link may increase
average transportation costs, due to the potential differences between users’
equilibrium and the transportation system’s optimum state.
This development will affect tourism flows from the place of origin to
the destination, rather than enhance tourism flows generated at the destination
itself, travel costs include the actual amount of money they pay for the
transportation service and the cost in terms of their travel time. The enhanced
quality of related tourism services – specifically, communication and
information, booking procedures, restaurants, accommodation, and related
transportation services etc. – can not only improve the accessibility of the
destination, but can also affect tourists’ preferences. Many studies have shown
the importance of travel-related services in tourism.

D. Characteristics of Tourist Transportation

A good system of transport plays an important role in sustaining
economic growth and development of a country. Because of the fast-moving
life, people have less time and they want to visit more and more places in a
shorter period. Each and every mode of transport has its own characteristics with
regard to travel and tourism. So, here are the characteristic of these modes of
transportations.
Characteristics of Road Transportation
 Road transport provides basic accessibility in connecting various places
and people. It also has a number of advantages like good flexibility,
reliability, speed, cheaper cost etc. It is accessible to a large number of
people and is more efficient than other means of transport.
 It can take the tourist up to the final destination point.
 National and State Highways both are very important in the development
of a fine network of roadways. Both flyovers and good conditions of
road have helped to increase the travel and tourism activities across the
world.
 Different types of road vehicles are used like car, taxi, coaches, buses
and jeeps which can connect rail, air and water transportation to each
other.
Characteristics of Rail Transportation
Railway is the most suitable and cheap means of transport for long distance
travelling. As compared to road transport, it is very cheap and comfortable for
longer distances. There are various categories of coaches including General,
Sleeper, AC Classes, AC Chair Car etc. The railway provides basic
infrastructure for movement of tourists to nearly all parts of the country.
Characteristics of Water Transportation
 Travel by ship was the main means to travel overseas until the middle of
20th century? The earliest type of boat was the raft, made of grasses, logs
and other light material. Now the quality of boats and ships has improved
a lot and most of the discoveries of the world were made through water
transport. This is evident as tourism through cruises is increasing day by
day and has an excellent potential.
 Lakes, rivers, canals, Backwaters Sea are very important modes of water-
based tourism all over the world.
Characteristics of Air Transportation
  At the global level, air travel is the second most popular mode of
transport after road. It is the fastest means of transport. One can reach the
destination in hours covering the distance of thousands of kilometers. Air
transportation has connected all nations of the world. It has transformed
the whole world into a Global Village. This mode of transport is free
from surface hindrances such as inaccessible mountains, dense forest,
marshy land, flooded areas, hot and cold desert.
 High speed that saves time and providing luxurious journey are
important characteristic of air transport. It is a convenient, comfortable
and luxurious source of transport.

E. Growth of Transport for Tourism

Transport for tourism has grown substantially in the last four decades. The two
most important modes of tourist transportation are private car land air travel. Air
travel developed rapidly during the early stages of mass tourism, recording
annual increases of between 10 and 17%, and thus underpinning the rapid
development of many new destinations (Holloway, 1989; Shaw, 1990). While
international air travel forecasts suggest slowing growth, the market is still
expected to pick up (Adams, 1996). For example, major airports forecast
passenger throughput at 3–4%, per year, over the next decade, driven in part by
an increase in the national Gross Domestic Product by household products
produced by developing countries.
 CONCLUSION

Transport is one of the essential components of tourism activities. The

movement of human beings at national and international level is taking place because of
various means of transport. Whereas Tourism sector is one of the main important
sectors of the economy. Many countries take advantage of covering the budget deficit
with the help of profits coming from tourism. Tourism plays a key role in the socio-
economic and cultural progress through creation of jobs, enterprise and infrastructure
and revenue earnings. Transport occupies a key position in tourism sector, and it is an
important driver for socio-economic progress. It plays an important role as it would be
impossible for tourists to visit many tourist sites without it. It provides an essential link
between points of origin to its destination areas.

So, it is clear that the relationship between tourism and transport will continue to
be closely intertwined, and the undulations (political, economic, structural, geographic).
As long as mobility is a central element – and sometimes even the focus – of the
touristic experience, transportation to, from and within destinations will be paramount.
And also both transportation and tourism will always related to each other.
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