PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

1.Form
The Present Perfect Continuous is the present tense of have + been + an-ing form
Positive: S + have/has + been + V_ing
E.g: I have been studying at this school for 3 years.

Negative: S + haven't/hasn't + been + V_ing

E.g: He hasn't been playing games with me in a year.

Question: Have/Has + S + been + V_ing?

WH- + have/has + S + been + V_ing?
E.g: What have you been doing here for 2 hours?
Has he been playing chess for a month?

2.Use
+ We use the Present Perfect Continuous for an action over a previous of time
leading up to the present.
E.g:  I've been working for 3 hours.

+ We can use the Present Perfect Continuous to talk about repeated actions up to
now.
+ We can also use it to talk about an action which ends just before the present.
E.g: I’ve been taking a shower. I feel cold.

3.Adv
FOR, SINCE, HOW LONG and RECENTLY.

4.Note
The present perfect continuous emphasizes the continuation of an action that
started in the past and continues up to the present.

PAST PERFECT
1.Form
The Past Perfect is had + a past participle
Positive: S + had + p.p
E.g: She had had breakfast before we came

Negative: S + hadn't + p.p

E.g: Linda hadn’t washed the dishes when her mother came home

Question: Had + S + p.p?

WH_ + had + S + p.p?
E.g: Had he left when we went to bed?
What had you done before midnight yesterday?
2.Use
- To describe an activity that happened and completed before another action in
the past.
E.g: Jane had cooked breakfast when we got up.

- Describe an action that happened and lasted up to a certain time in the past
E.g: We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.

- To describe an action that happened before a certain time in the past

E.g: She had travelled around the world before 2010. 

- Use in conditional sentences type 3 to express unreal conditions in the past

E.g: If I had known that, I would have acted differently.

- Describe an action that occurs as a first condition for another action

E.g: Tom had prepared for the exams and was ready to do well.

- Used to express disappointment about something in the past

E.g: We wished we had purchased the ticket.

3.Adv
- Until, by the time, prior to that time, before, after, for, as soon as, by the end of
-- Time in the past, ...

4.Note
Sometimes we can use Past Perfect Tense in wish sentences in the past.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

1.Form
The Past Perfect Continuous is the present tense of had + been + an-ing form
Positive: S + had + been + V_ing
E.g: She had been crying for ten minutes before her mother came home

Negative: S + hadn't + been + V_ing

E.g: Justin hadn’t been doing his homework when his parents came home.

Question: Had + S + been + V_ing?

WH- + had + S + been + V_ing
E.g: Had James been playing video games when we came?
How long had you been sitting there?

2.Use
- Describe an action that happened in preparation for another action
E.g: I had been practicing for five months and was ready for the championship.

- Describe an action that was happening before a past action (emphasis on

continuous)
E.g: I had been thinking about that before you mentioned it.

- Describes the process of an action that started in the past and continued until
another time in the past
E.g: He and his wife had been talking for about two hours before the
policemen arrived.

- Describe an action or event that was the cause of a certain action or event in the
past.
E.g: James gained three kilograms because he had been overeating.

3.Adv
Until then, by the time, prior to that time, before, after, ...

4.Note
The past perfect continuous can be used in conditional sentences type 3 to
express unreal conditions in the past.

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Form:
( + ): S + will/shall + V-inf
Ex:
 I will buy a cake tomorrow.
 My family will travel in HCM City next week.

( - ): S + will/shall + not + V-inf

Ex:

 I won’t come your house tomorrow.

 I promise I won’t tell this anyone

( ? ): Will/Shall + S + V-inf ?
 Will you marry me? -> Yes, I will /No, I won’t
 Shall we dance? 

Use:
1. Describe a certain decision or resolution at the time of speaking. There from the
time only signal in the future.
 Ex: I miss my grandmother so much. I will drop by her house after working
tomorrow.
2. Expressing an unfounded prediction.

Ex: I think she won’t come and join our party.

3. Make requests, suggestions, invitations.

Ex: Will you go out for dinner with me?

Will you pass me the pencil, please?
4. Expressing promises

Ex: I promise I will write to her every day.

5. Express a warning or threat.

Ex: Be quiet or MyDuyen will be angry.

6. Used to offer to help others.

Ex: Shall I get you something to eat?

7. Used to give some suggestions.

Ex: Shall we play football?

8. Used to ask for advice.

Ex: What shall I do?

9. Used in type I conditional sentences, expressing a possible assumption in the
present and future.

Ex: If she learns hard, she will pass the exam.

Adv:
Next day/ next week/ next month/ next year/ soon…
Think/ believe/ suppose/ assume/ promise/ hope/ expect…
Perhaps/ probably/ maybe/ supposedly…
Note:
- will = ‘ll
- will not = won’t

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

1.FORM
(+) S + will + be + V-ing
Eg: I will be studying online at 7 a.m next Monday
(-) S + will not/won’t + be + V-ing
Eg: My mother won’t be staying at home at this time tomorrow
Yes/No question: Will + S + be + V-ing + ... ?
(?) Eg: Will you be doing exercise at 6 a.m tomorrow?
WH-question: WH-word + will + S + be + V-ing + ...?
Eg: What will you friends be going there at this time tomorrow?
2. USES:
2.1: For an action over a period of time ( It means that at some time in
the future we will be in the middle of an action)
Eg: My best friend can’t go to the party. She’ll be studying all day tomorrow.
2.2: For single actions ( an action which will happen in the course of envents)
Eg: The party will be starting at ten o’clock
2.3 : For something that will happens as a part of routine
Eg: I and my brother will be doing household chores tomorrow. We always do it
on the weekend.
2.4: To ask about someone’s plans
Eg: Will you being go anywhere near a park this morning?

3.SIGNS:
-At this time tomorrow, at this moment next year,at present next Friday, at 5 p.m
tomorrow

4. NOTES:

- Clauses that begin with when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if,

unless... do not use the future continuous, but use the present continuous.
Eg:  While I will be finishing my homework, she is going to make dinner.
=> While I am finishing my homework, she is going to make dinner.

FUTURE PERFECT
1. Forms:
(+): S + will + have + past participle
(-): S + will not (won’t) + have + past participle
(?): Will + S + have + past participle +….?
*Note: We can use shall with I and We
2. Use:
For something that will be over in the future
E.g: I will have completed my military service next year.
He will have finished his work report before his boss calls him.
3. Signs:
By, by the end of + future time
By the time + clause in simple present
Period of time + from now

**Note: Be going to in past tense

- Form: was/were going to + infinitive
-Use:
+ Express an intention in the past
E.g: The girls left early. They were going to catch the eight o’clock train.
+ Prediction in the past
E.g: I knew something was going to go wrong with the plan.
+ Instead of was/were going to, we can use would
E.g: I knew something would go wrong with the plan.