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nature of doing philosophy 1.0

date @August 30, 2021

lesson 1

status complete

PHILOSOPHY
as science, study of being in light of reason and critical thinking

first used by Pythagoras in 531 b.c. (Gk.)

"philo" - love, "sophia" - wisdom

science of sciences

regarded to be the mother of all discipline, supreme ruler

is the self-awareness of all sciences

is the source of world view and methodological principles

favors rationality

💡 methodolical - relating to the method used for doing, teaching, or

studying something. (e.g. the research uses many methodological
approaches)

BASIC EXPLANATIONS OF PHILOSOPHY:

philosophy is the study of humans and the world by thinking and asking
questions.

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 it is a science and an art

it works by asking questions about the nature of human thought, the nature of
the universe, and the connections between them.

tries to answer important questions by coming up with answers about real

things and asking "why?"

is a way of thinking about the world, the universe, and society.

the ideas are often general and abstract.

philosophers - people who think and write about ways of thinking

IMPORTANCE OF PHILOSOPHY:
philosophy is a vision. it is a new way of looking at things. changing one’s perspective
will help in understanding the world and our experience in a different light.

FIRST ORDER INQUIRY - about absolute and concrete matters; stand on their own

HARD SCIENCE

physics, chemistry, biology

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 SOFT SCIENCE

sociology, psychology, polsci

SECOND ORDER INQUIRY - about abstract matters; involve thinking critically

about the concepts, methods, and assumptions used in other (first-order) fields of
study

these inquiries are typically labeled “philosophy of ______ [fill in blank with a first-
order field of study].”

HOW DID PHILOSOPHY START?

since Ancient Greek times, people were engrossed with myths to such an extent
that in order to grant their wishes, they had to offer something for their gods and
goddesses.

according to an anonymous philosopher:

“philosophy emerged as something revolutionary since their mythological explanation
about the nature of the universe would be set aside in favor of a coherent and rational
one.”

rational - based on or in accordance with reason and logic

mythological - relating to based on, or appearing in myth or mythology

ANCIENT TIMES IN GREEK IONIA

before philosophy, any investigation regarding the nature of things would be

labeled as phusis or "nature". back then, there was no distinction between science,
philosophy or religion.

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 began when the greek started getting curious and stopped asking only practical
questions.

THE FIRST THINKER

Thales

there has been a man who investigated the nature of things - "phusis"

he thought of the cosmos - the order of the universe, a system

traditionally, he is considered to be the father of Western philosophy, aside from

Socrates

cosmology

branch of philosophy that studies the order of universe, an orderly system

"kosmos" - universe/system, "logia/logos" - discourse/study

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