MS PROJECT

Theory of MS (Diem-Khanh)

I. The concepts and parameters in the manufacturing system:

Definition: Manufacturing system is a combination of humans, machinery and

equipment that are bound by a common material and information flow. The
term “Manufacturing system” addresses a complete enterprise or a group of
enterprises, an individual production department (e.g., foundry, turnery), or
even a single work station.

Types of Manufacturing system:

1. Intermittent system:

In this system, the goods are manufactured specially to fulfill the orders made
by customers rather than stock. These systems are those where the production
facilities are flexible to handle a wide variety of product and sizes. Considerable
storage between operation is required, so where individual operations can be
carried out independently for the further utilization of men and machines.

Characteristics of intermittent system:

1. Most products are produced in small quantity.

2. Machines and equipment are laid out by process.
3. Workloads are generally unbalanced.
4. Highly skilled operators are required for efficient use of machines and
equipment.
5. In process inventory is large
6. Flexible to suit production varieties.

 Job production:

The production of single complete unit by one operator or a group of operators

(bridge building, ship building, dam construction,…). Here whole project is
considered as one operation and work is completed on each project before
passing on to the next. The systems require versatile and highly skilled labor
with high capital investment. In this system, the goods are produced on definite
customer’s orders.

 Batch production:

In the system of batch production, any product is dividing into parts or

operations and that each operation is too completed through out the whole batch
before the next operation is undertaken. It is characterized by the irregularity in
the work added to the basic material. Here the production schedule can be
chalked out according to specific orders or on the basis of demand forecasts.

2. Continuous system:

In this system, the items are produced for the stocks and not for specific orders.
Before planning manufacturing to stock, a sales forecast is made to estimate
likely demand of the product and a master schedule is to prepare to adjust the
sales forecast according to past orders and level of inventory. Basic
manufacturing information and bills of materials are recorded. Information for
machine load chart, equipments, personnel and material needs is tabulated. In
process, storage cannot is not necessary which in turn reduces material handling
and transportation facility.

 Mass production:

Standardization is the fundamental characteristics of this system.

Standardization is there with respect to materials and machines. The system can
produce only one type of product at a time. These days, mass production is
generally used to manufacture sub-assemblies of particular parts/components of
an item.

 Process production:

This system is analogous to mass production system with more stress on

automation in production process. The volume of production is very high. in
processing of crude oil in refinery one gets kerosene , gasoline,… at different
stages of production.

II. Organization planning in workshops and manufacturing factories:

Organization planning:
 1. Organization is dynamics structure, and it always changed. After
designing, it must be implemented in realistics.
2. Organization can not meet factory’s targets itself. Based on organization
structure, factory must develop all required functions to meet the targets.

Some advantages:
 Continuity:
The organization data will help managers pesonnel planning for replacement.
 Internal promote:
When organization structure is changed, internal promotions should be
considered for changing positions.
 Detailed job description:
Studying clearly jobs and responsibilities  respective people (managers,
employees) can complete their jobs effectively.
 Long-term planning:
Organization structure should be updated in long-term planning. Focus on
specific personnel troubles.
 Stability:
The stability of factory depends upon the flexibility and dynamic of
organization.

Organization in workshops:
 Organization needs:
To meet the goals of company, all individuals work together (link, share, and
co-operate,…).
 Organization goals:
The goal of Organization in Factory is that establishing team-work
environment/condition. They work together to meet the orders within “lowest”
costs.
 Organization design:
To meet all organization requests , to meet operational requests. Other goals:
sales, customers, products, wages and lifes of employees,…
 The goal of designing is “relevant” organization that we find-out and
train candidacies for assigning.
 Organization chart:
Present organization structure in operations, show all relationship among
functions and/or positions/individuals.

III. The key elements affecting the design process:

 Quantity/ volume to produce.
 Item structure and standardization.
 Quality of item.
  Equipment requirements.

Reference
https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-642-20617-
7_6562
https://assignmenttask.com/answers/type-of-production-and-manufacturing-
systems-management/