WATER RESOURCES

Water Surface Water

o It is part of the hydrosphere, and it makes up o Streams

about 71 % of the Earth’s surface. o Rivers
 As an Earth’s Subsystem o Wetlands
 A Life Essential
 A Resource Purposes of Surface Water Reservoir

- Hydropower
Salinity
- Flood Control
o Saltiness of the water - Agriculture Irrigation
- Water Supply
Distinct Regions where Saltwater Reservoir
could be found near land

 Seas and Bays  Stream

 Gulfs - Body of water that flow downslope
 Straits toward sea level because of gravity

Freshwater Reservoir Components of a Stream Network

o Ice  Interfluve
o Surface Water - Narrow, elongated landform
o Ground Water separating individual stream within a
basin
ICE  Drainage Basin
- The land area in which the water
 Glaciers
flows into a particular stream
- Permanent body of ice
 Drainage divide
- Consists of recrystallized snow
- The line that separate individual
 Ice sheets
drainage basin
- Mass of glacial land ice extending
Amazon River – Longest River in the world
more than 50,000 square kilometers
Cagayan River
- Antarctica
- Greenland
 River
 Permafrost
- A stream with considerable volume
- A soil, rock or sediment frozen for
and a well-defined channel
more than two consecutive years.
 Lakes
- The upper portion thaws during
- A large inland bodies of fresh or
summer and refreezes during winter.
saline water
- Comprises 0.8% of the total
 Ponds are smaller shallow
freshwater resource
lakes
 Dams are barriers constructed
along streams to contain the
flow of water
  Wetlands Porosity
- A land areas where water covers the
surface for significant periods  total amount of empty pore spaces in the
rock
Types of Wetlands
Permeability
1. Marsh
2. Estuary  ability of the rock or sediments to allow
3. Swamps water to pass through

Human Activities Affecting Water Resources

 Marsh  Increase in Population

- A shallow wetland around lakes,  Migration from Rural to Urban Area
streams, and oceans where grasses  Demand For Food
and reeds are the dominant  Competition for water resources
vegetation  Distribution of population and water resources
 Estuaries  Pollution
- Estuaries are commonly described as
semi-enclosed bodies of water
- situated at the interface between land
and ocean, where sea water is
measurably diluted by the inflow of
freshwater
 Swamp
- A wetland often partially or
intermittently covered with water;
especially one dominated by woody
vegetation

Floods

 Fluvial or Riverine
 Flash Floods
 Coastal Flooding
 Pluvial or Surface Water

Ground Water

o Is fresh water found in the rock and soil

layers beneath the surface
o Largest reservoir of freshwater
o Aquifers, Artesian Wells, and Springs
o Aquifers are water bearing rocks that act as
sponge that holds groundwater in tiny
cracks, cavities and pores between minerals
and grains