Earth science

Quarter 2 –Module 5
Rock Behaviors Under Stress
Earth Science
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 5 – Rock Behaviors Under Stress
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in
any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use
these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors
do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Rowena A. Lambongog
Editors: Randie B. Atienza and Eleneth D. Escalona
Reviewers: Marionel U. Briz,Francia C. Silva, Rowena D. Cabandingan
& Job S. Zape Jr.
Illustrator: Patrick Lemuel V. Reyes
Layout Artist: Paulina S. Crescini, Rosanito S. Paras
Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral, Regional Director
Job S. Zape Jr., CLMD Chief
Elaine T. Balaogan, Regional ADM Coordinator
Felizardo O. Bolaňos,School Division Superintendent
Joephi F. Falqueza, Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Sacoro R. Comia,CID Chief
Generiego O. Javier,Division EPS/s In Charge of LRMS
Rowena D. Cabanding, Learning Area EPS
Marieta N. Perez,Division ADM Coordinator

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – RegionIV-A CALABARZON

Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro

Cainta, Rizal 1800
Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
E-mail Address: region4a@deped.gov.ph
 EARTH SCIENCE
Quarter 2 – Module 5
Rock Behaviors Under Stress
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Earth Science Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Rock Behaviors Under Stress!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will
help you in guiding the learners.

As facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Earth Science Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Rock Behaviors Under Stress!

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies
and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled into process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.
At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 What I Need to Know

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Describe how rocks behave under different types of stress such as
compression, pulling apart, and shearing.

This module presents how rocks behave under different types of stress such
as compressing, pulling apart, and shearing. This aims to provide an overview of
three kinds of stress which causes rocks to undergo deformation. This includes pre-
test, procedure/learning experience/learning activities, reflection and posttest. Read
the directions carefully before doing all the exercises and activities.
At the end of this module, the successful learner will be able to:
1. identify the different types of stress on rocks;
2. explain the behavior of the rocks under the different types of stress; and
3. describe the different geologic structures that cause the different stress on
rocks.

What I Know

Directions: Read and analyze the following questions. Encircle the letter of the
correct answer.

1. Mountains are a result of high-impact stress caused when two plates collided.
What kind of stress caused it to form?
A. compressional stress
B. rock stress
C. shear stress
D. tensional stress

2. What will happen to the rock if it is exposed to a tension stress?

A. Rocks will be pulled apart
B. Rocks will be compressed
C. Rocks will fold or form fracture
D. Rocks will be squeezed together
3. Which of the following type of stress is exerted in convergent plate
boundaries?
A. Compressional stress
B. Direct stress
C. Shear stress
D. Tensional stress

4. Ava played a clay bar. She pushed the two sides of the clay bar using equal
force from her hands on the same axis. What type of stress did she exerted on
the clay bar?
A. Compressional stress
B. Direct stress
C. Shear stress
D. Tensional stress

5. How does the clay bar behave after the application of stress in item no. 4?
A. The clay bar will lengthen.
B. The clay bar will break apart.
C. The clay bar will fold or fracture.
D. The clay bar will be pulled apart.

6. Which location does shear stress commonly occur?

A. Combine plate boundaries
B. Convergent plate boundaries
C. Divergent plate boundaries
D. Transform plate boundaries

7. What happened to the rocks under shear stress?

A. The rocks are squeezed.
B. The rocks fold or fracture.
C. The rocks are pulled apart.
D. The rock walls slip to each other on opposite direction.

8. A compressive stress was exerted on the rock layers forming a simple fold or
bend. What is the type of fold formed on the rock layers?
A. Anticline
B. Incline
C. Monocline
D. Syncline
9. What type of fold is formed when a compressive stress resulted to a landmass
that arches upward?
A. Anticline
B. Incline
C. Monocline
D. Syncline
10. What type of fault is shown on the illustration below?
A. Normal
B. Reverse
C. Strike Slip
D. Transverse

11. Which of the following type of fault is found in divergent plate boundaries?
A. Normal
B. Reverse
C. Strike Slip
D. Transverse
12. Which of the following type of fault system creates the world’s highest
mountain ranges?
A. Normal
B. Reverse
C. Strike Slip
D. Transverse

13. Which of the following type of fault formed the San Andreas Fault?
A. Normal
B. Reverse
C. Strike Slip
D. Transverse
14. East African Rift formed by stress on rocks that causes the hanging wall to
drop down. Which among the type of fault did it belongs?
A. Normal
B. Reverse
C. Strike Slip
D. Transverse
15. Reverse fault formed through the stress that causes the hanging wall to
moves up. Which among the following are examples of this type of fault?
A. Himalayas
B. East African Rift
C. San Andreas
D. West Valley
 Lesson
Rock Behaviors Under
1 Stress

What’s In

Direction: Do you still remember metamorphism? Critical reading will help you
test how good your memory is. Read the passage below and answer the questions
that follow.

Metamorphism
Metamorphism is the process wherein heat and pressure change the rock’s
physical and chemical makeup. Chemical changes happen during metamorphism
when ions move and new minerals form. The new minerals which are the products
of chemical change become more stable in the new environment. Foliation is the
physical change that may occur during metamorphism.
Contact metamorphism and regional metamorphism are the two main types
of metamorphism. What are the difference between the two?
When we say contact metamorphism, it is when magma contacts a rock and
changes it by extreme heat while regional metamorphism is when great masses of
rock are exposed to pressure.

Questions
1. What is metamorphism?
2. What are the changes that occur on rocks during the process of metamorphism?
How do these changes occur?
3. Compare and contrast contact and regional metamorphism using a Venn
diagram.
 What’s New

Directions: Read the statement below and reflect on the following questions.
Have you been to Baguio City? Baguio City is considered as the Summer
Capital of the Philippines because its low temperature even during summer time.
Millions of tourists choose this place to spend their vacation due to numerous tourist
destination like Strawberry farm and Botanical garden that has variety of plants and
vegetable that thrive on temperate weather conditions. This weather condition is
possible because Baguio City is situated at the top of one of the Philippine mountain
ranges which is named as Cordillera Mountain Ranges.

Guide Questions:
1. How do Cordillera Mountain Ranges from?
2. What geologic event causes the formation of mountain ranges?

What is It

Rocks and large masses undergo deformation wherein it changes their shape,
location, size, tilt or break due to squeezing, tearing, or shearing. When the rocks or
plates are pulled or pushed together, stress may occur. Yes! Not only human can
experience stress, rocks also experienced different kinds of stress. In earth sciences
and geology, stress is the force per unit area that is placed on a rock. There are three
main types of stress, namely, tension, compression, and shear.

1. Tensional stress causes rocks to be pulled apart that result to lengthening

and break apart. This type of stress can be found at divergent plate
boundaries.
2. Compressional stress causes rocks to fold or fracture. It squeezes rocks
together. Compression are the most common type of stress in convergent
plate boundaries.
 3. Shear stress happens when forces slide pass each other in opposite
direction which results to slippage and translation. This is the most common
stress found in transform plate boundaries.

Geologic Structures

1. Folds – are formed when rocks experienced compressive stress and deformed
plastically. It causes bending of rocks. There are three types of folds:
monoclines, anticlines and synclines. A monocline is a simple bend in the
rock layers where the oldest rocks are at the bottom and the youngest are at
the top. An anticline is a fold that arches upward where the oldest rocks are
found at the center of an anticline. The youngest rocks are covered over them
at the top of the structure. A syncline is a fold that bends downward which
rocks are curved down to a center.

2. Faults - A rock under ample stress can crack, or fracture. The fracture is
called a joint because there is a block of rock left standing on either side of a
fracture line. The footwall is the rock that place on top the fault, while the
hanging wall is below the fault.
It can be classified into:

1. Normal faults–are the most common faults at divergent boundaries. In

relation to the footwall, it develops as the hanging wall drops down. East
African Rift is one of the examples of this type of fault.

2. Reverse faults – This type of faults is most common at the convergent

boundaries. It forms when the hanging wall moves up. It creates the
world’s highest mountain ranges such as Himalayas Mountains and
Rocky Mountains.
 3. Strike slip faults–This type of faults formed when the walls move
sideways. It can be either right lateral or left lateral. It is mostly common
on transform plate boundaries. The most popular example of this type
is San Andreas Fault.

What’s More

A. Direction: Identify the following types of stress on the following statements. Write
T if it pertains to tensional stress, C for compressional stress, and S for shear
stress.
__________ 1. It causes rocks to fold or fracture.
__________ 2. It causes rocks to be pulled apart.
__________ 3. The common type of stress found on divergent plate boundaries.
__________ 4. This stress on rocks result to slippage and translation of walls.
__________ 5. It occurs on convergent plate boundaries.
__________ 6. It causes rocks to lengthen and break apart.
__________ 7. This type of stress squeezes rocks together.
__________ 8. It commonly occurs in transform plate boundaries.
__________ 9. It happens when the dominant force is directed away from each other.
__________ 10. It develops when the forces are directed towards each other but not
along the same axis.
B. Direction: Complete the table below.

Effects on Place Where

Type of Stress Illustration
rocks Can be Found

1. Tension

2. Compression

3. Shear

C. Direction: On each of the space below, unscramble the word to

give the correct term based on the given description.

_______________ 1. A simple bend on the rock layers

ONESCLIMON
________________ 2. Formed when rocks experienced compressive stress and
deformed plastically
DOLF
________________ 3. A bend that arches upward
ESCLITINAN
________________ 4. A rock fracture or cracks due to stress
SLATFU
________________ 5. The most common faults at divergent plate boundaries
ORMLAN LATUSF
________________ 6. This fault type can be found on convergent boundaries
EVESRER FULATS
________________ 7. It formed when the walls move sideways
KESRIT LIPS ULFATS
________________ 8. An example of mountain range
MHAYALASI
________________ 9. Commonly the type of fault on transform plate boundaries
RISTKE SIPL FATSUL
________________ 10. An example of fault at divergent plate boundaries
SEAT RICANAF TRIF
 What I Have Learned

Direction: Using the concepts you have learned from the discussions, create a
Mind Map that starts with the term inside the circle.

Rocks
Behavior
Under Stress

What I Can Do

Direction: Read the statement below and answer the questions that follow.

Movement of tectonic plates generates enough energy that causes

earthquakes which are released along the faults. As a STEM student, why do you
think is it necessary to study the characteristics of fault system? If you are residing
on an area where active fault is present, what will you do to educate your neighbors
about it?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
 Assessment

Direction: Read the following question carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct
answer.
1. Ava plays a clay bar. She pushed the two sides of the clay bar using equal
force from her hands on the same axis. What type of stress did she exerted
on the clay bar?
A. Compressional stress
B. Direct stress
C. Shear stress
D. Tensional stress
2. How does the bar of clay behave after the application of stress in item no. 1?
A. The clay bar will lengthen.
B. The clay bar will break apart.
C. The clay bar will fold or fracture.
D. The clay bar will be pulled apart.
3. Mountains are a result of high-impact stress caused when two plates collided.
What kind of stress caused it to form?
A. compressional stress
B. rock stress
C. shear stress
D. tensional stress
4. Which of the following type of stress is exerted in convergent plate
boundaries?
A. Compressional stress
B. Direct stress
C. Shear stress
D. Tensional stress
5. Which of the following location are shear stress commonly occur?
A. Combine plate boundaries
B. Convergent plate boundaries
C. Divergent plate boundaries
D. Transform plate boundaries
6. What happened to the rocks under shear stress?
A. The rocks are squeezed.
B. The rocks fold or fracture.
C. The rocks are pulled apart.
D. The rock walls slip to each other on opposite direction.
7. Which of the following type of fault is found in divergent plate boundaries?
A. Normal
B. Reverse
C. Strike Slip
D. Transverse
8. East African Rift formed by stress that causes the hanging wall to drop
down. Which among the type of fault did it belongs?
A. Normal
B. Reverse
C. Strike Slip
D. Transverse

9. A compressive stress was exerted on the rock layers forming a simple fold or
bend. What is the type of fold formed on the rock layers?
A. Anticline
B. Incline
C. Monocline
D. Syncline

10. What will happen to the rock if it is exposed to a tension stress?

A. Rocks will be pulled apart
B. Rocks will be compressed
C. Rocks will fold or form fracture
D. Rocks will be squeezed together

11. What type of fold is formed when a compressive stress resulted to a

landmass that arches upward?
A. Anticline
B. Incline
C. Monocline
D. Syncline

12. What type of fault is shown on the illustration below?

A. Normal
B. Reverse
C. Strike Slip
D. Transverse

13. Reverse fault formed through the stress that causes the hanging wall to
move up. Which among the following are the result of this type of fault?
A. Himalayas
B. East African Rift
C. Marikina Fault
D. West Valley

14. Which of the following type of fault system creates the world’s highest
mountain ranges?
A. Normal
B. Reverse
C. Strike Slip
D. Transverse

15. Which of the following type of fault formed the San Andreas Fault?
A. Normal
B. Reverse
C. Strike Slip
D. Transverse
 Additional Activities

Have a research on the different examples of geologic structures that caused

the stress on rocks. It can be local or international.
 Assessment
1. A
2. C
3. A
4. A
5. D
6. D
7. A
8. A
9. C
10. A
11. A
12. C
13. A
14. B
What’s More What I Know
1. C 1. A
2. T 2. A
3. T
4. S
3. A
5. C 4. A
6. T 5. C
7. C 6. D
8. S
7. D
9. T
10. S 8. C
C. 9. A
1. MONOCLINES 10.A
2. FOLD
3. ANTICLINES 11.A
4. FAULTS 12.B
5. NORMAL FAULTS
6. REVERSE FAULTS
13.C
7. STRIKE SLIP FAULTS 14.A
8. HIMALAYAS 15.A
9. STRIKE SLIP FAULTS
10. EAST AFRICAN RIFT
Answer Key
References
BOOKS

Olivar, J., Rodolfo, R., &Cabria, H. (2016). Exploring Life Through Science
Series: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

WEB RESOURCES

Retrieved on May 21, 2020:

http://scecinfo.usc.edu/education/k12/learn/plate5.htm(Last modified on
8/13/98 by Maggi Glasscoe (scignedu@jpl.nasa.gov)
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph