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  • Bakelite Preparation

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    The Happy Family
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    This document provides instructions for preparing phenol formaldehyde resin (Bakelite) in 3 steps. It involves reacting phenol with formaldehyde in the presence of an acid or alkaline catalyst. The reactants are phenol, glacial acetic acid, 40% formaldehyde solution, and concentrated sulfuric acid. The procedure involves mixing the reactants, adding sulfuric acid as a catalyst, then washing, filtering and drying the plastic residue produced. Bakelite was the first plastic made from synthetic components and was developed by Leo Baekeland in 1907. It was used widely in electrical insulators and other products due to its heat resistance and non-conductivity.

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    This document provides instructions for preparing phenol formaldehyde resin (Bakelite) in 3 steps. It involves reacting phenol with formaldehyde in the presence of an acid or alkaline catalyst. The reactants are phenol, glacial acetic acid, 40% formaldehyde solution, and concentrated sulfuric acid. The procedure involves mixing the reactants, adding sulfuric acid as a catalyst, then washing, filtering and drying the plastic residue produced. Bakelite was the first plastic made from synthetic components and was developed by Leo Baekeland in 1907. It was used widely in electrical insulators and other products due to its heat resistance and non-conductivity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    30 views2 pages

    Bakelite Preparation

    Uploaded by

    The Happy Family
    This document provides instructions for preparing phenol formaldehyde resin (Bakelite) in 3 steps. It involves reacting phenol with formaldehyde in the presence of an acid or alkaline catalyst. The reactants are phenol, glacial acetic acid, 40% formaldehyde solution, and concentrated sulfuric acid. The procedure involves mixing the reactants, adding sulfuric acid as a catalyst, then washing, filtering and drying the plastic residue produced. Bakelite was the first plastic made from synthetic components and was developed by Leo Baekeland in 1907. It was used widely in electrical insulators and other products due to its heat resistance and non-conductivity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    of 2

    EXPERI

    MENTNO.
    -3

    AI
    M:-Topr
    epar
    ephenol
    for
    mal
    dehy
    der
    esi
    n.(
    Bakel
    i
    te)

    CHEMI
    CALSUSED:-Gl
    aci
    alacet
    icaci
    d,40%f
    ormal
    dehy
    desol
    uti
    on,
    Phenol
    ,conc.H2SO4 .

    APPARATUSREQUI
    RED:-
    Glassr
    od,
    beaker
    s,f
    unnel
    ,measur
    ingcy
    li
    nder
    ,dr
    opperandf
    il
    terpaper
    .

    PRINCIPLE: -Phenolformaldehyderesi
    ns(PFs)arecondensati
    onpol
    ymersandareobtai
    nedby
    condensingphenolwithformaldehydeinthepresenceofanacidi
    coral
    kal
    i
    necatalyst
    .Theywer
    efi
    rst
    prepar
    edbyBackel and,anAmer icanChemistwhogav ethem t
    henameasBakeli
    te.Thesear
    e
    thermosett
    ingpolymers.

    Preparati
    on:-PFsarepreparedbyr eact
    ionofphenol wi t
    hf ormaldehydeint hepresenceofacidi
    corbasi
    c
    catal
    yst.Theprocessmaybecar r
    iedoutasf oll
    owsAmi xtur
    eofphenol andf or
    mal dehydear
    eall
    owedto
    reacti
    nt hepresenceofacat al
    yst
    .Thepr ocessinvolvesf ormati
    onofmet hy l
    enebridgesinor
    tho,par
    aor
    bothorthoandpar aposit
    ions.Thi
    sr esul
    tsfi
    rstinthef ormationoflinearpol y
    mer( Call
    edNOVALAC)and
    thenintocross-l
    inkedpolymercall
    edphenol -
    formaldehy deresinorbakel i
    te.

    PROCEDURE:
    1.Place5ml ofgl
    acialaceti
    cacidand2.5mlof40%formal
    dehy desolut
    ionina500ml beakerandadd2
    gramsofphenol .
    2.Addf ewml ofconc.Sulphur
    icacidi
    ntothemixt
    urecar
    efull
    y.Wi t
    hin5mi n.alar
    gemassofpl ast
    ici
    s
    formed.
    3.Theresidueobtai
    nedi swashedseveralt
    imeswit
    hdist
    il
    ledwat er,
    andfil
    teredpr
    oductisdri
    edandyiel
    d
    i
    scal
    cul
    ated.

    Fact
    s:-
    Bakelit
    e (
    /ˈ
    beɪkəlaɪt
    / BAY-kə-l
    y t
    e;sometimesspell
    ed 
    Baekeli
    te)or 
    polyoxybenzyl
    methylengl
    ycolanhydr
    ide was
    thefir
    st 
    plasti
    c madef rom sy nthet
    iccomponents.I
    tisa 
    ther
    moset t
    ing phenolf
    ormaldehyderesin,f
    ormedf r
    om
    a condensati
    onr eacti
    on of phenol wi
    th 
    for
    maldehyde.I
    twasdev el
    opedbyt heBelgi
    an-Americanchemi st
     Leo
    Baekeland i
    n Yonkers,NewYor k,in1907.
    Bakel
    itewaspatentedonDecember7, 1909.Thecreati
    onofasy ntheti
    cplasti
    cwasr ev
    olut
    ionar
    yfori
    ts
    el
    ectr
    ical 
    nonconduct
    ivi
    ty 
    andheat-r
    esist
    antpr
    operti
    esinelect
    ri
    cal i
    nsulat
    ors,r
    adioandtel
    ephonecasi
    ngsand
    suchdiversepr
    oductsaskitchenware,
    jewel
    ry,
    pipestems,chil
    dren'
    stoys,andfir
    earms.
    I
    nrecenty
    ear
    sthe"
    ret
    ro"appeal
    ofol
    dBakel
    i
    tepr
    oduct
    shasmadet
    hem col
    l
    ect
    ibl
    e.
    Bakel
    i
    tewasdesignateda Nati
    onal
    Hist
    ori
    cChemical
    Landmark 
    onNov ember9,
    1993,byt
    he 
    Amer
    ican
    Chemical
    Soci
    ety
     inrecognit
    ionofi
    tssi
    gni
    fi
    canceasthewor
    ld'
    sfi
    rst
     sy
    ntheti
    cpl
    ast
    ic.
    MakingBakel it
    eisamul t
    i-
    stageprocess.Itbegi nswi thheati
    ngofphenol andf ormaldehy dei nthepr esenceofa
    catal
    ystsuchashy drochloricacid,
     zi
    ncchloride, orthebaseammoni a.Thiscr eatesal i
    qui dcondensat i
    on
    product,refer
    redtoas  Bakelit
    eA, whichissolubl einalcohol,acetone, oradditionalphenol .Heatedf urther,t
    he
    productbecomespar tiall
    ysolubleandcanst i
    llbesof tenedbyheat .Sust ainedheatingr esultsinan" insoluble
    hardgum" .However,thehi ghtemperaturesrequi redtocr eat
    et histendst ocausev iolentf oamingoft hemi xt
    ure
    whendoneatst andardat mospher icpressure,whi chresultsinthecool edmat eri
    albeingpor ousandbr eakable.
    Baekeland'sinnovati
    vest epwast oputhis"l
    astcondensat i
    onpr oduct"intoanegg- shaped" Bakelizer".By
    heati
    ngi tunderpressur e,atabout150 °C(300  °F),Baekelandwasabl et osuppr essthef oami ngthatwoul d
    otherwiseoccur.Ther esultingsubstanceisext remel yhardandbot hi nfusibleandinsol uble.

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