4 Moving Charges and Magnetism

1. The magnetic field due to infinitely long straight Its trajectory is shown in figure below
current carrying conductor is given by
Y
µ I 1 e
B= 0 ⇒ B∝ u
2 πr r v X
Hence, magnetic field varies inversely as the
distance from the conductor.
2. The magnetic field due to a currrent carrying loop From the given figure, we can clearly see that
from the centre of wire of radius R is given by electron traverses along a semi-circular path, for
µ i
B = 0 , for r = 0 y > 0. Also, it exits the field for y < 0.
2R mv
µ iR 2 6. The radius of circular path is given by r = .
⇒ B = Bmax and B = 0 3 , for r >> R qB
2r
Hence, option (a) is correct. From the figure, it is clear that rA > rB .
Therefore, mA v A > mB v B , since charge on the both
3. The magnetic field due to the wire perpendicular
particles is same.
to plane Z = 0 is given in the figure below
Z 7. For an electron moving in a uniform magnetic
I
field,
(x, y) Centripetal force = Lorentz force
mv 2
Z=0
B
⇒ = qvB
Plane r
v qB
⇒ =
r m
qB
I ⇒ ω= (Q v = ωr)
m
The position vector of point ( x , y ) in Z = 0, Frequency of revolution,
plane is r = x$i − y$j (for negative Z-axis) f =
ω
=
1 qB
⇒ |r| = x 2 + y 2 2 π 2π m
3.57 × 10 −2 × 1.76 × 1011
The magnetic field at this point, =
2 × 3.14
µ ir µ i  x$i − y$j 
B = 0 2 = 0  2   e q 11 
2 π|r| 2 π  x + y 2  Q = = 1.76 × 10 C / kg
 m m 
4. An electron at rest has electric field only and a = 1.0 × 10 9 Hz
moving electron produces magnetic field also.
= 1 GHz
Thus, observer moving past an electron at rest can
measure both electric and magnetic fields with his 8. The direction of magnetic field due to wire is
instrument. given by right hand thumb rule. On the left side
of wire, magnetic field will be pointing upwards
5. The electron entering in uniform magnetic field
from the plane of the paper and on the right hand
will experience a Lorentz force which changes the
side or at point C, magnetic field will be pointing
path of the electron. But velocity of the electron
downwards into the plane of the paper.
remains constant, i.e. v = u.
 A i.e. A resistance of 1 kΩ should be added in series
with galvanometer to convert it into a voltmeter
i1 F of 5V range.
12. Galvanometer constant is given by
X C D i2 k
G = I/ θ =
NAB
where, k = restoring torque in coil,
B N = number of turns in coil,
According to Fleming’s left hand rule, the force A = area of each turn,
acting on the rod near end C will be upward B = strength of magnetic field,
towards A and the force acting on the rod near I = current and θ = angle of twist
end D will be downward towards B.
∴ Unit of G is A rad −1 .
Hence, a torque will act on the rod CD which will
Also, current sensitivity is the deflection per unit
turn it clockwise.
current flowing in the galvanometer coil and it is
2π π given by
9. Angle θ for one segment, θ = =
8 4 θ NAB 1
IS = = =
Magnetic moment of one segment ( M1 ) = IA I k G
θ θ
= I  r2 − r12  Hence, only statement II is correct.
 2 2
13. When two long straight current carrying wire are
θ θ 3 a2θ
= I (2 a)2 − a2  = I × brought closer to each other, they will attract each
 2 2 2 other, if the currents are in same direction and
2 repel each other, if the currents are in opposite
4 I3 a θ
For four segments, M = 4 M1 = = 6 Ia2θ directions.
2
Magnetic moment due to circle = Iπa2 Therefore, A is true but R is false.
Total magnetic moment = 6 Ia2θ + Iπa2 14. When a closed current loop is placed in a uniform
π 5 magnetic field, equal and opposite force acts on it.
= 6 Ia2 × + I ⋅ πa2 = Iπa2
4 2 So, the net force on it is zero. But a torque acts on
it, which is given by torque, τ = BI NAcosθ which
10. Magnetic moment is given by
is zero, when magnetic field is perpendicular to
M= I× A the plane of loop, i.e. θ = 90 °.
which is directed into the plane of the paper.
Therefore, both A and R are true but R is not the
Torque acting on the loop,
correct explanation of A.
τ = M × B = MBsinθ
Since, angle between magnetic moment and 15. A toroid is a solenoid with both ends joined
magnetic field is 90°, so torque is maximum together. According to Ampere’s law, when
(Q sin90 ° = 1). current flows through a coil, then the magnetic
field is maximum at the centre of coil and
11. From the relation, V = IG( G + R ) , we have
decreased rapidly with the distance. Therefore,
V 5
R= − G =   − 1 = 999 Ω
 outside the toroid’s radius, the magnetic field and
IG  5 × 10 −3  force are zero.
Therefore, both A and R are true and R is the
⇒ R ≈ 1 kΩ
correct explanation of A.