An Introduction to Reliability and Maintainability Engineering

CHAPTER 8

8.1 For Component 1: MTTF = 10,000 Γ(1+1/2) = 8862.3

Cost1 = 840 [ 1 + (P/A,.03,20) 2,000 / 8862.3 ] = $ 3660.19

Cost2 = 870 [1 + (P/A,03,20) 2,000 / 10,000 ] = $ 3458.60

(1+.03) 20 − 1
Note: (P/A,.03,20) = = 14.877
.03(1+.03) 20
FG t IJ β
8.2 R( t ) = e
−
HθK
FG 1 IJ .91 FG 1 IJ 1.8
RC (1) = e
−
H 3.5 K =.7263 RS (1) = e
−
H 5 K =.9463
FG IJ
1 .8 FG 1 IJ 1
RA (1) = e
−
=.7190
4 H K RLS (1) = e
−
H 6 K =.8465
Rsys = RC RA RS RLS =.7236×.7190×.9463×.8465 =.4183
Reliability Goal= y = 4 .995 =.998748
.998748−.7263 .998748−.9463
%C = x100 = 37.51 %S = x100 = 554
.
.7263 .9463
.998748−.7190 .998748−.8465
%A = x100 = 38.91 % LS = x100 = 17.99
.7190 .8465
ln(1 − R ) ln(1−.998748)
8.3 R = 1 − (1 − Ri )n → n = , nC = = 51577
. → 6 units ,
ln(1 − Ri ) ln(1−.7263)
ln(1−.998748) ln(1−.998748)
nA = = 5.2647 → 6 units , nstr = = 2.27 → 3 units
ln(1−.7190) ln(1−.9463)
ln(1−.998748)
nLS = = 3566
. → 4 units
ln(1−.8465)

8.4 λ ( t ) =
β t
θ θ
FG IJ
H K
β −1
and AFR =
1
t2 − t1 zt1
t2
λ ( t ' )dt '

LM β FG 1 IJ t' OP β
1

λ ≈ AFR =
1
1− 0 z
0
1 βF 1 I
G J
θ Hθ K
t ' dt ' = M
β −1
β −1 θ Hθ K P
MM β PP
β −1
=
1 FG 1 IJ = 1
θ Hθ K θ β −1 β

N Q 0
1 1
λ C ≈ AFRC = .91 =.3198 λ S ≈ AFRS = =.0552
.
35 51.8
1 1
λ A ≈ AFRA = .8 =.3299 λ LS ≈ AFRLS = 1 =.1667
4 6
λi λi λi
λ inew = wi λ* = wi ( − ln(.995)) = wi (.005102); wi = = =
4
.3198+.3299+.0552+.1667 .8716
∑λ
i =1
i

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 An Introduction to Reliability and Maintainability Engineering

λ Cnew =
FG .3198 IJ .005012 =.00184 λ Snew =
FG .0552 IJ .005012 =.00032
H .8716 K H .8716 K
λ =G
F .3299 IJ .005012 =.00190 λ LSnew =G
F .1667 IJ .005012 =.00096
Anew
H .8716 K H .8716 K
θi
F 1I
=G J
1/ β i

Hλ K i

θ =G
F 1 IJ = 1013.2 yrs
1/.91
θS =
FG 1 IJ 1/1.8

C
H .00184 K H .00032 K = 87.4 yrs

θ =G
F 1 IJ = 2520.9 yrs
1/.8
θ LS
F 1 IJ
=G
1/1

A
H .00190 K H .00096K = 10417
. yrs

8.5 Total parts count=153+28+34=215

RA: Reliability allocated to ith component= R *ni / N =.99 ni / 215
1 F
1 − R*
ni / N
I,
λ i = − ln 1 −
ti GH
wi JK MTTFi = 1 / λ i , Rw: Rel. accounting for importance= e − λ iti

Component RA λι MTTF Rw
system board .99287 3.767x10-6 267,666 .99249
hard drive .99869 1.457x10-6 686,342 .99854
DC power pack .99841 7.96x10-7 1,256,861 .99841

8.7 Resistor Operating Wattage/Rated Wattage

1 180/200=.9
2 180/225=.8
3 180/300=.6

SYSTEM FAILURE RATE IN 10-6 OPERATING HOURS

Fan Size R1 R2 R3
small .037x73=2.71 .033x73=2.409 .026x73=1.898
medium .033x73=2.409 .029x73=2.117 .023x73=1.679
large .026x73=1.898 .023x73=1.679 .019x73=1.387

SYSTEM COST
Fan Size R1 R2 R3
smalll 50+73(1)=123 50+73(1.2)=137.6 50+73(2)=196
medium 90+73(1)=163 90+73(1.2)=177.6 90+73(2)=236
large 160+73(1)=233 160+73(1.2)=247.6 160+73(2)=306

MTTF/COST=(1/ SYSTEM FAILURE RATE) / SYSTEM COST

Fan Size R1 R2 R3

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 An Introduction to Reliability and Maintainability Engineering

small 3010 3017 2688

medium 2547 2660 2524
large 2261 2405 2356

The largest MTTF per dollar cost occurs for R2 and the small fan.
−6
The system reliability is: e − ( 2.409×10 )(10, 000 ) =.9762 .

8.15
A: µ = MTTF = 12Γ(1+1/1.7) = 10.71
A: 225 + ( P / A,.05,10)40(1 / 10.71) − ( P / F ,.05,10)60 100 + 4300 = 26,000
B: 245 + ( P / A,.05,10)35(.11) − ( P / F ,.05,10)40 100 = 25,017
note: (P/A,.05,10) = 7.72 and (P/F,.05,10) = .6139

8.16
m m SF ◊ K
m = SF ◊ K Æ q= = =
b
G 1+1/ b g G (2.25) 1133
.
FG K IJ b
F 1.133 IJ
-G
.8

P(Y < K ) = 1 - e H qK
-
= 1 - e H SF K
SF = 12
. Æ P(Y < K ) =.615, SF = 2.0 Æ P(Y < K ) =.470, SF = 4 Æ P(Y < K ) =.305

8.17 N = (1.23 x 1028 ) (35)-14.85 = (1.23) (1.1765) x 105 = 144709.5 or 144,709,500 cycles to
failure. Yrs to failure =
144,709,500 cycles to failure / [ 20 cycles/sec x 3600 sec/hr x 350 hrs / yr ] = 5.74 yrs
Material selected does not support design life.

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