MODULE 10

EM Spectrum: Production and

Application

WEEK 19: JANUARY 11-15,2021

ENGAGE
 LOOKING BACK
 Watch a short video about the
radio and telephone dated 1941.
Processing questions
What is the importance of radio
and telephone?
How does radio and telephone
work?
Compare today the features of the
old radio and telephone used in
1941.
EXPLAIN
RADIO
Radio is the technology of signaling
and communicating using radio waves.
RADIO WAVES
Radio waves are electromagnetic
waves of frequency between 30 hertz (Hz)
and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are
generated by an electronic device called
a transmitter connected to
an antenna which radiates the waves, and
received by a radio receiver connected to
another antenna.
RADIO WAVES
Radio is very widely used in
modern technology, in radio
communication, radar, radio
navigation, remote control, remote
sensing, garage door openers,
alarm systems, cordless phones,
cellphone, robot, RFID, E-payment.

Heinrich Hertz discovered radio
waves in 1887, which provided a
precursor to most of the wireless
forms of communication in
today’s world
the longest wavelength in the
electromagnetic spectrum
first in the arrangement in terms
of frequency
commonly used in
communication, the transmission
and reception of radio waves rely
on oscillating charges
also used by astronomers to
gather additional information
about celestial objects and
various part of the universe
through the use o
METHODS OF SENDING AUDIO
INFORMATION IN RADIO WAVES
Amplitude Modulation (AM)
Frequency Modulation (FM)
AMPLITUDE MODULATION – (AM)
radio broadcast uses the
bandwidth that ranges from 540
kHz to 1.6 MHz
FREQUENCY MODULATION – (FM)
broadcast at 88-108 MHz. Television
broadcasting happens at
frequencies that partially overlap
the FM bandwidth at 54- 890 MHz.
FM band is considered a region of
very high frequency (VHF) radio
waves
METRIC (SI) PREFIXES
A metric prefix is a unit prefix that
precedes a basic unit of measure
to indicate a multiple or
submultiple of the unit.
Wave frequency can be measured
by counting the number of crests or
compressions that pass the point in 1
second or other time period. The
higher the number is, the greater is
the frequency of the wave. The SI
unit for wave frequency is the hertz
(Hz), where 1 hertz equals
1 wave passing a fixed point in 1
second
Examples:
 5,000 waves = 5, 000 Hz
 10,000 waves = 10,000 Hz
3,000,000 waves = 3,000,000 Hz

Using the SI prefixes the number of

zeros will be indicate as exponent
and use the basic unit. Look at the
table of decimal multiple.
Examples:
AM frequency – 540 kHz to 1.6 MHz
540 kHz = k is for kilo with the
equivalent of 10³ meaning three
zeros ( 000 )
540 kHz = 540,000 kHz
1.6 MHz = M is for Mega
1.6 MHz = 1,600,000 MHz
FM frequency – 88-108 Mhz
88 Mhz = 88,000,000 MHz
108 MHz 108,000,000 MHz
EXAMPLES

567 PHz =
15 ZEROS
567,000,000,000,000,000
Examples
243000000000 waves = 243GHz (
9 zeros is equivalent to Giga )

45000000 waves = 45MHz ( 6

zeros is equivalent to Mega )