Integral Calculus 1

The Antiderivative or the Integral

The Antiderivative or the Integral

This module is about the Antiderivative which is known as integral.
Integration is the inverse process of differentiation.

Course Module Objectives:

At the end of this module, the learner should be able to:
1. Identify u, n, and du
2. Apply the appropriate formula
3. Evaluate the integrals

Indefinite Integral

Definition:
The process of finding the function when a derivative is given is called
integration or anti-differentiation. The function required is the
antiderivative or the integral of the given function called the integrand.

∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝐹(𝑥) + 𝑐

For example, given the function y = sin x. The derivative of sin x is cos x dx. It
follows that “the integral of cos x dx” or ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin x + c. The derivative
of any constant is 0. “c” is added to all the integrals, because the constant is
considered in integration. It is called the indefinite integral because it
contains an added constant.

Properties of the Indefinite Integral:

1. ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢 + 𝑐
2. ∫(𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑑𝑧) = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 + 𝑐
3. ∫ 𝑐 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢 + 𝑐

A. Power Formula
𝑢𝑛+1
The Power Formula: ∫ 𝑢𝑛 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑛+1 + c.
Remember that du is the derivative of u.
Likewise, the ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐.

Illustrative Examples:

Evaluate the given indefinite integrals.

1. ∫(𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 −3 + 5) 𝑑𝑥
𝑢𝑛+1
Solution: ∫ 𝑢𝑛 𝑑𝑢 = +𝑐
𝑛+1
 Integral Calculus 2
The Antiderivative or the Integral

𝑥 5 3𝑥 3 4𝑥 −2
= + + + 5𝑥 + 𝑐
5 3 −2

𝒙𝟓 −𝟐𝒙
= + 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 + 𝒄
𝟓 𝒙

3 4
2. ∫(√𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + √𝑥 3 ) 𝑑𝑥
1 2 3
3 4
Solution: √𝑥 = 𝑥 2 ; √𝑥 2 = 𝑥 3 ; √𝑥 3 = 𝑥 4
1⁄ 2⁄ 3⁄
= ∫(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 4) 𝑑𝑥
𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒:
1⁄ +1 2⁄ +1 3⁄ +1
𝑥 2 ; 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 4

3 7
𝑥 ⁄2 3 5⁄ 𝑥 ⁄4
= + 𝑥 +3 +𝑐
3⁄ 5 7⁄
2 4

𝟐 𝟑⁄ 𝟑 𝟓 𝟒 𝟕
= 𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒙 ⁄𝟑 + 𝒙 ⁄𝟒 + 𝒄
𝟑 𝟓 𝟕

3
3. ∫(1 − 𝑥)√𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
2
Solution: = ∫(1 − 𝑥)(𝑥)3 𝑑𝑥

2⁄ 5⁄
= ∫ (𝑥 3 −𝑥 3) 𝑑𝑥
5 8
𝑥 ⁄3 𝑥 ⁄3
= 5⁄ − 8⁄ +𝑐
3 3

𝟑 𝟓⁄ 𝟑 𝟖⁄
= 𝟓
𝒙 𝟑 − 𝟖
𝒙 𝟑 +c

4. ∫(2 − 3𝑥)(2𝑥 + 5)𝑑𝑥

Solution: = ∫(4𝑥 − 6𝑥 2 − 15𝑥 + 10)𝑑𝑥
= ∫(−6𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 10) 𝑑𝑥
−6𝑥 3 11𝑥 2
=- − + 10𝑥 + 𝑐
3 2
𝟏𝟏𝒙𝟐
= −𝟐𝒙𝟑 − + 𝟏𝟎𝒙 + 𝒄
𝟐

5. ∫(𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 −2 + 2)𝑑𝑥

𝑥3 4𝑥 −1
Solution: = + 𝑥4 + + 2𝑥 + 𝑐
3 −1
 Integral Calculus 3
The Antiderivative or the Integral

𝒙𝟑 𝟒
= + 𝒙𝟒 − 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒄
𝟑

𝑥
6. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√2 − 𝑥 2

1
Solution: = − 2 ∫(2 − 𝑥 2 )−1⁄2 (−2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
1
= − ∗ 2(2 − 𝑥 2 )1⁄2 + 𝑐
2
= − √𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒄